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Analyses were made of concentrations of six elements (the micronutrients copper, iron, manganese and zinc, and the macronutrients calcium and magnesium) in samples of Triticum spetta and the soil they were grown on to investigate relationships between the two, and the possibility of sourcing material found in the archaeological record. Charred and fresh grains of geographically and geologically diverse locations were broken down in nitric acid using a microwave digestion technique. The resultant solutions were analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Soil extractions using nitric acid and diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid allowed analyses of total and available elements. The results of soil / grain digests were investigated but no consistently significant relationships could be discerned. Growth experiments were performed by growing grain samples from various locations on one soil type to assess which factors were primarily important in elemental uptake. Calcium and magnesium uptake appears strongly influenced by the growing environment, but that of the micronutrients is additionally affected by genetic factors. In order to assess changes in elemental concentration due to burial, diagenetic experiments were carried out using grain from various locations and a series of differing burial periods. It was found that there was a trend for concentrations of the micronutrients and magnesium to decrease, whilst calcium concentrations increased substantially. On completion of work with modem grain, samples from the archaeological record were analysed. Elemental concentrations were found to be very different in ancient material and more significantly related to the burial environment. It appears possible to differentiate between leached, rural and waterlogged/urban sites.

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The thesis presents an analytic work of the MDA-framework and the promotional art of Halo 4 and Mass Effect 2 and how the two areas correlate with each other. The aim for the thesis is to investigate how the art style of the promotional art uses the elements of art to communicate the different gameplay of Halo 4 and Mass Effect 2, both set in a science fiction world, to their respective audiences in order to find how the elements of art can help to emphasize communication of gameplay information to the audience. This is reached by analyzing the gameplay of both games with the help of the MDA-framework by Hunicke, LeBlanc and Zubek enabling the analyses to reach a more comprehensive breakdown of the games. The analyses of the promotional artwork for both games are weighed against categories in the elements of art, the reason to find a more comprehensive breakdown of the promotional art. The data from both analyses are later compared with each other to find how the elements of art communicate information of the gameplay to the audience. In addition, it presents what categories of the elements of art in this analysis seems to be the most common for communicating gameplay information of the chosen promotional artworks. The conclusion is that the use of elements of art in promotional art in Halo 4 and Mass Effect 2 seems to carry more information that communicates to the audience than what might be the first to meet the eye. This leads to an understanding that the analysis of a broader sample size of promotional art from the games can open an opportunity of a better understanding how the use of elements of art in promotional art can communicate gameplay to the audience. Additionally this could also be applied to a larger range of games in order to find how different genres use the elements of art to communicate to their respective audience.

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This study concerns the origin of a porphyry copper deposit. For the study 25 rock samples were taken from a porphyry copper deposit. Rock samples were analyzed for these trace elements: strontium, barium, copper, zinc, and vanadium. The results indicated that elevation correlations are not apparent for copper, zinc, and vanadium content, but definite correlations appear between strontium and barium content. This study determined that strontium is one of the trace elements which could be used as a possible exploration guide to porphyry copper mineralization. This study also provided that distribution of trace elements demonstrates the presence of a regional difference in the strontium and barium contents of the sample locations between the Dome Peak Quadrangle area and the Agnes Mountain area of the Cloudy Pass batholith; the volcanics of the former possess higher levels of strontium and barium concentrations.

Over the last few years, research about trust in e-commerce has been conducted. Research has found different elements that might induce trust in such a website. However, this paper examines how trust in mobile travel applications and applications where the users can meet new people can be increased, by conducting an online survey and interviews. Different trust increasing elements are found, while using the application Travls as a case study in this research.

The Himalaya-Tibetan orogen has become the paradigm for continental collision and is central to deciphering continental tectonics. Neogene extension in the orogen is not predicted by plate tectonic theory, and its significance is widely debated. In the Himalaya, north-south extension is restricted to the Southern Tibetan Detachment System (STDS), which juxtaposes the High Himalayan Crystalline Series (HHCS) against the Tibetan Sedimentary Series (TSS). ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar ages from HHCS and TSS of the Garhwal Himalaya indicate that STDS movement initiated between 17.3 ± 0.4 to 24.3 ± 1.6 Ma (2σ), synchronous with Main Central Thrust (MCT) movement. One-dimensional thermal modelling suggests that the STDS is a reactivated thrust, implying a fundamental change in Himalayan tectonics in the early Miocene. The onset of east-west extension in southern Tibet is constrained by north-south trending shoshonitic dykes to be 13.3 ± 0.8-18.3 ± 2.7 Ma. Trace-element modelling indicates that the shoshonitic dykes and associated lavas in southern and northern Tibet were derived by ≤2% melting of enriched sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) at 65-85km. The northern and southern shoshonites have distinctive isotopic (εNd_(i), north, -5.5 to-10.3; south -8.8 to - 18.1) and major element signatures that relate to distinct SCLM sources corresponding to the tectonically accreted terranes of the plateau. The trace-element compositions of these sources, determined by inverse modelling, suggest subduction-related metasomatism. ⁴⁰Ar- ³⁹Ar dating of xenocrystic phlogopites indicates metasomatism of the southern SCLM occurred at 62±2 Ma, synchronous with collision. These data link Neogene extension to a thermally perturbed lithosphere. SCLM thinning following slab detachment explains magmatism, extension and uplift in southern Tibet. Episodic convective removal of the SCLM is proposed for northern Tibet. In view of these models, initiation of extension at 18.3±1.6 Ma in southern Tibet places a minimum constraint on plateau uplift. This overlaps with STDS and MCT movement, implying that changes in Himalayan tectonics are controlled by plateau uplift.