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The gender wage gap in the labour market has long been a topic of study, highlighting the disadvantages faced by women in terms of earningscompared to men. This study aims to investigate if the Great Recession had additional impacts on women's earnings differentials. Using census data from 2006 to 2012 in the US, two different quantile regressions were conducted for various income quantiles. One regression excluded variables, while the other included socio-demographic characteristics. The results indicate clear wage differences for women before, during, and after the Great Recession.The first regression shows statistically significant negative correlations between logarithmic income and gender. The quantile regressions also reveal decrease in the gender wage gap during the recession, with education returns favouring women in 2008 and 2009 before returning to pre-recession levels. Additionally, the results suggest that married women and women with children tend to have lower earnings compared to their male counterparts.These findings provide evidence of a glass ceiling in the US labour market, which may have been exacerbated by the exogenous shock of the Great Recession.

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This paper offers an empirical analysis of net job creation patterns at the firm level for the Austrian economy between 1993 and 2013 focusing on the impact of firm size and age. We propose a new estimation strategy based on a two-part model. This allows to identify the structural parameters of interest and to decompose behavioral differences between exiting and surviving firms. Our findings suggest that conditional on survival, young Austrian firms experience the largest net job creation rates. Differences in firm size are not able to explain variation in net job creation rates among the group of continuing enterprises. Job destruction induced by market exit, however, is largest among the young and small firms with this effect being even more pronounced during the times of the Great Recession. In order to formulate sensible policy recommendations, a separate treatment of continuing versus exiting firms as proposed by the new two-part model estimation approach seems crucial.(authors' abstract) / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

This paper discusses the analytical arguments used to explain the international financial crisis thatbroke out in 2007. First, we stress Ben Bernanke’s global saving glut hypothesis, which holds that the causes of the financial instability in the USA were exogenous and primarily triggered by the actions of developing countries, the effects of which escaped the control of the American financial and monetary authorities. We then review the criticism of this hypothesis and the correction that Bernake himself applied, which admits, as being foremost, the existence of factors other than the actions of developing countries. Below, we present the theory of credit development and regulatory failures, which includes the unprecedented growth in credit and financial leverage amid increasing financial deregulation. Finally, we review the central ideas of Hyman Minsky, which stress the systemic nature of the crisis in the capitalist economy.The theory of credit development and regulatory failures strikes us as the most fitting, as the evidence in its favor is substantial; what is more, Bernanke amended his initial approach and incorporated elements of this hypothesis. The recent study by Reinhart and Rogoff (2009) isconsiderably broader, analyzing several centuries of crisis and allowing the recent crisis to be reconciled with the credit development and regulatory failures theory. / Este trabajo discute los argumentos analíticos que se usaron para explicar la crisis financiera internacional que se desató a partir de 2007. Empezamos con la hipótesis del «exceso de ahorro» desarrollada por Ben Bernanke, quien sostiene que la causa de los desequilibrios financieros en EEUU fue exógena, generada, básicamente, por acciones de países en desarrollo, y que sus efectos escapaban al manejo de las autoridades monetarias y financieras norteamericanas. Luego revisamos la crítica que se le hizo y la corrección que él mismo procesó en la que se admite, como elemento prioritario, la existencia de otros factores distintos de las acciones de los países en desa- rrollo. A continuación, presentamos la hipótesis del «desarrollo del crédito y falencias regulatorias» en las que se destaca la ampliación sin precedentes del crédito y el apalancamiento financiero, en medio de creciente desregulación financiera. En tercer lugar, revisamos las ideas centrales de Hyman Minsky que destacan el carácter sistémico de las crisis en la economía capitalista.La hipótesis de crédito y falencia regulatorias nos parece la más acertada, pues la evidencia a su favor es sustancial y, además, también Bernanke corrige su enfoque inicial e incorpora los elementos de este segundo enfoque. El reciente trabajo Reinhart y Rogoff (2009) siendo bastante más amplio, pues estudia varios siglos de crisis, con respecto a la crisis reciente podría ser ubicado dentro de la hipótesis del «desarrollo del crédito y falencias regulatorias».

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