Notre thèse se décline en une approche chronologico-thématique autour de trois pôles majeurs. Il s'agit, tout d'abord d'une démonstration qui entend établir un tableau aussi précis que possible de la structure, des rouages et de l'implantation des organisations d'AF à Paris et en province. L'objectif est ensuite d'analyser les grandes matrices de l'engagement militant mais aussi et surtout leurs évolutions successives en lien avec un contexte politico-diplomatique extrêmement mouvant. Il s'agit pour chaque période donnée de chercher à comprendre ce qui constitue l'engagement au sein de la ligue dans une approche résolument tournée vers la base militante. Enfin, il faut réfléchir à la place et au rôle de l'AF dans la nébuleuse royaliste et nationaliste de son temps afin de comprendre les jeux d'alliance et de concurrence entre les diverses organisations mais aussi dans quelle mesure et de quelle manière la ligue d'AF s'est intégrée au répertoire d'action collective de son temps tout en participant à son renouvellement. Le choix de notre découpage chronologique répond à des nécessités à la fois contextuelles et propres à l'histoire de l'Action française. Au cours de la première période, de 1905 à 1914, on assiste à une structuration rapide et continue de l'appareil d'action intellectuelle et militante. Les rouages nationaux et locaux de la ligue se mettent en place et les matrices de l'engagement militant sont diffusées par l'intermédiaire du quotidien et contribuent à influencer l'opinion publique. A cette époque, l'AF est presque seule dans le champ nationaliste mais doit se positionner au sein du monde royaliste. Pendant la Grande Guerre, les structures de la ligue sont désorganisées. L'objectif principal est alors de continuer à diffuser le journal ce qui n'empêche pas la ligue d'utiliser le temps de guerre pour tenter de nouvelles méthodes de propagande notamment dans l'armée. La période 1914-1918 permet aussi à l'AF de se respectabiliser en choisissant la voie de l'Union sacrée. Elle reste malgré tout une organisation particulièrement surveillée d'autant plus que son influence dans l'opinion publique s'accroît. Après-guerre, l'AF se réorganise partout en province. Au cours de la période 1919-1926, elle fait l'expérience de la vie parlementaire et glisse, de fait, vers une sorte de conservatisme contre lequel elle s'est initialement constituée. Ses échecs électoraux couplés à l'influence croissante des communistes dans la vie publique contribuent à relancer son activisme militant mais pas suffisamment selon certains de ses membres qui suivent alors Georges Valois dans la dissidence du Faisceau. L'AF doit également faire face à l'apparition d'une nouvelle concurrence nationaliste avec la naissance des Jeunesses Patriotes. En 1926, elle est confrontée à la plus grave crise de son histoire : sa condamnation pontificale. Au cours de la période 1927-1929, la ligue cherche à rebondir et à maintenir son implantation et ses activités dans un contexte, par ailleurs, globalement défavorable. Les résultats sont extrêmement nuancés selon les régions mais, dans l'ensemble, il n'y a pas d'écroulement de sa structure militante même si les difficultés financières de la ligue sont de plus en plus importantes. Au tournant des années 1930, la crise économique aggrave encore ces difficultés mais contribue aussi à créer un contexte favorable à un nouvel épisode de flambée ligueuse. Au cours de la période 1933-1936, l'AF connaît un regain de vitalité dont le paroxysme se situe au moment du 6 février 1934. Cela étant, cet épisode démontre également les limites et les faiblesses du phénomène ligueur nationaliste en France / Our thesis is based on a chronologico-thematic approach based on three major poles. First, it is a demonstration that aims to establish a table as precise as possible of the structure, the workings and the implantation of the AF organizations in Paris and in the provinces. The objective is then to analyze the great matrices of the militant commitment but also and especially their successive evolutions in connection with an extremely moving politico-diplomatic context. For each given period, it is a question of trying to understand what constitutes engagement within the league in a resolutely militant-oriented approach. Finally, the place and role of the AF in the royalist and nationalist nebula of its time must be considered in order to understand the alliance and competition games between the various organizations, but also to what extent and in what way the league Of AF has integrated in the repertoire of collective action of his time while participating in its renewal. The choice of our chronological division corresponds to the needs that are both contextual and specific to the history of French Action. During the first period, from 1905 to 1914, there was a rapid and continuous structuring of the apparatus of intellectual and militant action. The national and local workings of the league are set up and the matrices of activist engagement are disseminated through the daily newspaper and contribute to influencing public opinion. At that time, AF was almost alone in the nationalist field but had to position itself within the royalist world. During the Great War, the structures of the league were disorganized. The main objective is to continue to broadcast the newspaper, which does not prevent the league from using war time to try new methods of propaganda, especially in the army. The period 1914- 1918 also allowed the AF to respect itself by choosing the way of the Sacred Union. In spite of everything, it remains a particularly supervised organization, especially since its influence in public opinion is increasing. After the war, the AF was reorganized throughout the province. During the period 1919-1926, she experienced the parliamentary life and, in fact, slipped into a kind of conservatism against which she initially constituted herself. His electoral failures coupled with the increasing influence of Communists in public life helped to revive his militant activism but not enough according to some of his members who then followed Georges Valois in the dissidence of the Faisceau. AF must also face the emergence of new nationalist competition with the birth of the Jeunesses Patriotes. In 1926, it faced the most serious crisis in its history: its pontifical condemnation. During the period 1927- 1929, the league sought to rebound and to maintain its location and activities in a generally unfavorable context. The results are extremely nuanced by region, but overall there is no breakdown of its militant structure even if the financial difficulties of the league are increasingly important. At the turn of the 1930s, the economic crisis further aggravated these difficulties but also helped create a favorable environment for a new episode of league outbreak. During the period 1933-1936, the AF was experiencing a revival of vitality whose paroxysm was at the time of February 6, 1934. However, this episode also demonstrates the limitations and weaknesses of the phenomenon nationalist leaguer in France

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University

Thesis (MSc (Physiotherapy))--University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2009. / Background information of the study: Physiotherapists play an important role in soccer teams. This role includes prevention of injury, treatment, education, and exercises. There is a dearth of information in some areas on the part of sports managers on the role of the physiotherapist in a team. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the knowledge of South African team managers on the role of the physiotherapist in the Premier Soccer League (PSL) teams. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to establish team managers’ knowledge of the role of physiotherapists in the prevention and treatment of soccer injuries and evaluate their knowledge of the injuries managed by physiotherapists. Setting: PSL teams in South Africa Design: A descriptive survey design with a close-ended questionnaire was used in this study. Methodology: A quantitative research approach was employed in this study. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data set and a rating scale was used to determine the knowledge of team managers. Results: Out of the 16 teams in the PLS, 13 team managers participated in the study and their average knowledge was 79%. Five (38%) had administrative qualifications while eight (62%) did not include their qualifications. All 13 respondents indicated that warm up, cool down and stretching reduces the risk of injuries. Eleven (77%) reported that prophylactic strapping reduces risk of injuries. All participants agreed that physiotherapeutic treatment includes massage, electric machines and ice. They also mentioned that exercises can be done by the physiotherapist, though only three (23%) believed that the physiotherapist could conduct physical training. Conclusion: This study revealed that team managers have good knowledge of the role of the physiotherapist in soccer, with regard to prevention and treatment of injuries in sport.

Thesis (MSc (Physiotherapy))--University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2009 / Aim: The aim of the study was to review the current management of soccer injuries sustained by professional players and how injury recurrence is prevented among Premier Soccer League (PSL) players in RSA. Study design: Cross sectional study, descriptive survey was followed, as it allowed the researcher to observe and describe the factors that had contributed towards recurrent injuries, as well as a qualitative approach with open ended questions where participant’s expressions encountered during the study, were analyzed. Population: The population of the study included all the medical team members in the PSL teams. PSL has 16 teams. The medical team comprised of any combination of the following members: the team doctor, physiotherapist, masseur, biokineticists, physical trainer, chiropractors and podiatrist. Not all teams have the same combination nor all disciplines mentioned. Sample: Purposive sampling method was used, as the researcher selected main participants with a specific purpose. Each of the PSL teams has 7 members from different disciplines therefore, all available members of the medical team of each PSL teams participated in the study. Data Analysis: Data was analyzed using SPPSS version 13.0.Data collected was loaded onto the statistica program for processing. Frequency tables for all variables are given to demonstrate the distribution of variables. Cross tabulation was also done to establish the relationship between the predictor variables and the response. The Test Statistic CHI-Squared (χ 2 ) was calculated and pvalue of less than 0.05 was determined for the significance. Frequency distribution tables, graphs, and charts were used to analyze the data collected. Content analysis was used for qualitative data. Results: Main findings of the study reflected that the ankle was the most commonly affected body part (69.2%) while the quadriceps and tendon achillies were both less commonly affected v (15.4%). The groin was found to incur most recurring injuries (69.2%). The results revealed that injured players are adequately managed by the medical team (61.5%). Attainment of pain free and full range of movement is the consideration for return to sport however less consideration was given to the persistent biomechanical abnormality. Conclusion: The study confirms that soccer injuries amongst Premier Soccer League (PSL) teams are managed by qualified professionals. The attainment of a free, full range of movement and adequate strength are used as criteria for return to sport and as a measure of preventing injury recurrence. Factors such as players missing out on rich rewards, recognition and regaining position in the team seem to have a great influence as well. Recommendation: The primary recommendation for the player who has had multiple recurrences is to address any underlying reversible risk factors such as poor strength and poor flexibility. A session needs to be held with soccer administrators to advocate the avoidance of factors contributing to recurrent injuries.

Thesis (M. Sc. (Physiotherapy)) -- University of Limpopo, 2011 / Aim of the study To investigate whether the Premier Soccer League Teams (PSL), in South Africa, have an ‘ideal’ medical team structure Objectives of the study Identification of medical professionals involved in the PSL and its leadership, the qualifications and experience of the medical professionals in PSL teams and whether the specialties of the medical professionals were clearly defined in order to avoid conflict within the team. Determination of the protocol that was followed when a player was injured and subsequent management and the influence on a player’s rehabilitation and return to activity. Setting The Premier Soccer League offices were contacted in order to conduct the research. Design The research design for this study was a descriptive survey. Methodology A purposeful sample of team managers and head coaches was chosen from 12 PSL teams. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to collect the data. A questionnaire was faxed to each participant and two follow-ups were made on the questionnaires that were not returned. Results The response rate was 54%. The composition of the medical teams comprised mainly of physiotherapists (85%) followed by sports physicians (77%), massage therapists (62%), dieticians (31%), sports psychologists (15%) and no podiatrist. Eight out of 13 participants reported having a sports physician as the head of the medical team while 4 participants reported the team leader to be a physiotherapist. Four out of 13 participants reported that their medical professionals were not all qualified and experienced in sport. The specialties of the medical professionals were clearly defined and each team had its own protocol for when a player was injured. The medical team had a positive influence on the management of injuries. Conclusion The PSL teams do not have an ‘ideal’ medical team structure. Keywords PSL, Medical team, structure, soccer

This paper looks at the impact that competitive balance has on team revenues. The hypothesis that this paper is operating under is that higher levels of competitive balance will lead to higher levels of revenue. Two different measures of competitive balance will be used and regressions will be run to investigate whether high levels of the competitive balance measure are associated with high levels of revenue. The results of the data indicated that over all three time horizons (ten year, five year, and two year), high levels of variability in playoff appearances were associated with high revenue for Major League Baseball (MLB) teams. The results also indicate that over a two year time span, high standard deviation in winning percentage were associated with higher revenue in both MLB and the National Football League (NFL) and also that high standard deviation of winning percentage over a ten year period were associated with lower revenues in the NFL. The data provides consistent support for the hypothesis of a positive relationship between competitive balance and revenue in MLB and inconsistent support in the NFL. This inconsistent relationship in the NFL is hypothesized to be due to differences in time horizons. Over the short term, fans like to see high variability in winning percentage because it gives them faith that their team will be good the next season. In the long term however, fans do not like a lot of variability in their team and would rather see a consistent winner.

Project (M.A.) - Simon Fraser University, 2006. / Theses (Dept. of Economics) / Simon Fraser University. Also issued in digital format and available on the World Wide Web.

Inaug.-diss.-Berlin. / Lebenslauf. "Mit genehmigung der honen fakultät kommt hier nur kapitel 8 und 9, 1 und 2 zum abdruck. Die ganze abhandlung wird in den Abhandlungen zur verkehrs- und seegeschichte ... erscheinen."

Report (Ed. D.)--Teachers College. / Issued also on microfilm. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (master's)--Jāmiʻat al-Qāhirah. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 383-397).