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Hindcasts from the Directional Ambient Noise Estimation System (DANES) model were compared to in situ ambient noise measurements to determine the accuracy of the U.S. Navy's ambient noise model. One hundred fifty eight (158) sonobuoy ambient noise measurements were acquired at eight locations in the Northeast Pacific (NEPAC) Ocean during November and December 1980. For each sonobuoy observation a DANES hindcast was made using archived fields from Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center for the simultaneous time and location. The difference between the predictions and measurements was calculated. A maximum mean error of 4.9 dB occurred at 200 Hz which appeared to be due to errors in the DANES Historical Temporal Shipping (HITS) data base. The model was insensitive to synoptic shipping, sound speed profiles and wind field inputs when the HITS data base was utilized.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / NOAA-7 AVHRR data from April 1982 and 1983 were used to perform a global scale analysis of aerosol particle characteristics. Several improvements were incorporated into an AVHRR multichannel satellite data technique developed by Pfeil (1986). This included better cloud and sunglint discrimination, removal of Rayleigh radiance and accounting for ozone absorption. The characteristics analyzed were optical depth and Aerosol Particle Size Index (S₁₂). S₁₂ provides the slope of the aerosol particle size distribution curve. Both of these parameters were evaluated during several naturally occurring events, foremost of which were the 1982 El Chicon eruption and the 1982-1983 El Nino-Southern Oscillation event. The results provided evidence that a significant amount of aerosol particles over marine regions are from land-derived sources. However, the results also provided evidence that some marine aerosol particles may be of biogenic origins, / http://archive.org/details/globalscaleestim00fros / Lieutenant, United States Navy

The U.S.-Japan Security Alliance was the foundation of the United States' bilateral alliance system during the Cold War. The alliance suffered severe strains in the immediate aftermath of the Cold War primarily due to the loss of its primary mission, containment of Soviet expansion. The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 breathed new life into the alliance. Japan quickly joined in the anti-terrorism coalition, providing logistical support to U.S. forces involved in the War on Terrorism. North Korea's October 2002 admission of a covert nuclear weapons program also changed the strategic dynamic for Japan, pushing it towards "normal" nation status. Multilateralism in Asia developed a life of its own during the 1990's. Numerous multilateral organizations were created to help resolve regional security issues. China is attempting to use multilateral security forums as a means to balance against U.S. regional power. Japan also proposed developing a new multilateral security regime in the Asia-Pacific. This thesis examines issues related to the future of the U.S.-Japan Security Alliance and the possible emergence of a new multilateral security regime in the Asia-Pacific. The United States should enhance the U.S.- Japan Security and lead the way on developing a new multilateral security regime for the Asia-Pacific. / US Navy (USN) author.

Over recent years geological, geochemical and geophysical surveys of mid-ocean ridges have revealed a significant degree of along-axis variability not only in seabed morphology, but also in crustal structure, particularly Numerous geophysical surveys of the Valu Fa Ridge, southwest Pacific, have mapped the extent of an axial mid-crustal reflector. This reflector has been interpreted as representing the top of a sill-like melt lens, comprising a high percentage of partial melt, lying at the top of a crustal magma chamber. In 1995, a controlled-source, wide-angle seismic dataset was acquired at the Valu Fa Ridge during RN Maurice Ewing cruise EW9512, to investigate the mid-deep crustal structure at this ridge, and particularly the crustal magma chamber associated with the melt lens beneath the ridge axis. The EW9512 acquisition geometry was primarily two-dimensional in design, and modelling of these 2-D profiles revealed the presence of an axial low velocity zone beneath the melt lens. This low velocity zone is thought to represent a region of crystal mush comprising a much lower percentage of partial melt than is present in the overlying melt lens. Similar structures have been modelled beneath a number of other mid-ocean ridges. The primary aim of this study was to build on this 2-D interpretation by taking advantage of three-dimensional ray coverage in the axial region in order to assess the along-axis continuity of the magmatic system, correlate this to any ridge segmentation apparent in the seabed morphology, and determine if ridge segmentation is related to the magma supply. The 3-D data were analysed using a tomographic inversion technique. The inversion results suggest that the axial low velocity zone may be segmented on a scale of 5-10 km, which correlates with the morphological segmentation of the ridge crest and is believed to reflect episodic magma supply with different ridge segments at different stages of a cycle of magmatic and amagmatic extension. However, three- dimensional ray coverage is not ideal owing to the dominantly 2-D acquisition geometry. Therefore a detailed assessment of data uncertainty and resolution was undertaken to enable a meaningful interpretation of the inversion results in terms of which features have a geological origin and which are artefacts of the inversion process. P-S mode converted arrivals arising from mid-crustal interfaces were also modelled in order to obtain improved geological constraints on the crustal structure than is possible from P-wave studies alone. This modelling indicates that the uppermost crust is pervaded by thin cracks. In addition, techniques were developed for modeling the polarisation of 5-wave arrivals with low signal strength. Application of these methods suggests that the thin cracks have a preferred orientation parallel to the ridge crest on-axis, and oblique to the ridge crest off-axis which is thought to reflect the pattern of southward propagation of the ridge system inferred from regional tectonic and bathymetric studies. Modelling of P-S mode converted arrivals arising from conversion at the top of the melt lens provided additional constraints on the properties of the melt lens. In conjunction with the 3-D tomographic results, this work suggests that the southernmost ridge segment in the study area has recently become magmatically active following a period of amagmatic extension suggested by its morphology, thus providing evidence for episodic melt supply at this ridge. As part of the suggestions for further work, a theoretical investigation of survey resolution was undertaken to test commonly adopted acquisition geometries with a view to optimising the design and cost-effectiveness of future 3-D controlled-source tomographic experiments.

This thesis explores the taking of Japanese remains as trophies by American servicemen during the Second World War in the Pacific. It examines the historical and contemporary motives for American trophy taking in modern warfare and shows that corporeal trophy taking was both prevalent and multifaceted and how Japanese war materials and bodies were repurposed into trophied objects that were recorded, kept, displayed, exchanged, and even celebrated both in the battlefield and on the home front. This study also recognizes and analyzes relatively new and useful sources of evidence, such as recently published memoirs, artifacts, and digital social media, to expand our understanding of corporeal trophy taking as it occurred during the Pacific War. / 10000-01-01

Ng Hoi Lam. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-149). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.ix / Acknowledgments --- p.xi / List of Abbreviations，Tables and Figures --- p.xii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction: Summit in Sino-American relations --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Magic Figure --- p.1 / Chapter - --- 30th Anniversary of Rapprochement between the US and China / Chapter 1.2 --- Puzzle --- p.3 / Chapter - --- The Central question / Chapter 1.3 --- Layout --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Argument --- p.6 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review: Linking the internal politics to decision-making process of foreign policy Rational model VS Power model in High politics --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- What is a Summit? --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- Who is/ are the person(s) in-charge of foreign policy making process? --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3 --- Foreign Policy decision making model(s) / Chapter - --- Rationality model VS Power model --- p.16 / Chapter 2.4 --- Linking internal and external politics / Chapter - --- Two-level game instead of realism --- p.21 / Chapter 2.5 --- Value of summitry --- p.25 / Chapter - --- A photo-taking arena / Chapter - --- Symbolism or substance? / Chapter 2.6 --- Summitry in APEC --- p.32 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Methodology & Theoretical Framework: Summitry for settling legitimacy dilemma by two-level game --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1 --- Focusing the subject --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2 --- Research Method and Data --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3 --- Nature of Sino-American relations --- p.39 / Chapter 3.4 --- Summitry under two-level game --- p.47 / Chapter 3.5 --- Pattern in APEC summits --- p.53 / Chapter 3.6 --- "Modeling in 3 'I's´ؤInternational, internal and individual" --- p.55 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- A Year of Presidential Elections: The case of 1996 --- p.61 / Chapter 4.1 --- Manila APEC --- p.61 / Chapter 4.2 --- Jiang's Taiwan Policy / Chapter - --- How did the 'Eight Points' work under internal politics --- p.62 / Behind the Third Strait Crisis / Repeating the same old tune / Chapter 4.3 --- Full embracement after APEC --- p.75 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- After Honeymoon Years: The case of 1999 --- p.78 / Chapter 5.1 --- Auckland APEC --- p.78 / Conflicts after the honeymoon: Old bottle with new wine / Chapter 5.2 --- Three Crises --- p.84 / A huge mistake´ؤupon mismatched timing / Missile on the Embassy / """Special State-to-State relationship""" / Chapter 5.3 --- """2As"" meetings´ؤplatform for saving face" --- p.90 / Chapter 5.4 --- Re-opening dialogue on WTO deals --- p.93 / Diplomat dead but diplomacy alive / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Starting a new Emperor: The case of 2001 --- p.99 / Chapter 6.1 --- Shanghai APEC --- p.99 / New doctrine: A potential enemy or ally? / Chapter 6.2 --- Conflicts again --- p.101 / Fool's Day joke / The art of apology´ؤnegotiation involved / "Taiwan and Tibet´ؤ“internal affairs""" / Chapter 6.3 --- Warming in relation --- p.109 / Ardent summer / "Death of asylum, birth of hamlet" / Green House in Winter / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusion´ؤJiang's 'Core' Consideration --- p.118 / Chapter 7.1 --- Era unlike Mao and Deng --- p.118 / Chapter 7.2 --- Lesson for Policy makers --- p.120 / Chapter 7.3 --- Contributions/ Implications --- p.122 / Chapter 7.4 --- Limitation --- p.123 / Appendix I Chronology --- p.125 / Append ix II Pew Research Center of People and the Press --- p.136 / Bibliography --- p.137

Wong Ho. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-66). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.4 / Chapter 2 --- Data Descrition --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1 --- Definition and Notation of Some Key Variables --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- Summary statistics --- p.12 / Chapter 3 --- Determinants of Annual Changes in Leverage --- p.18 / Chapter 4 --- Determinants of Leverage --- p.33 / Chapter 5 --- Summary and Conclusions --- p.41 / Chapter 6 --- Tables / Chapter 6.1 --- Table 1.1 to 1.6 --- p.43 / Chapter 6.2 --- Table 2 --- p.49 / Chapter 6.3 --- Table 3.1 to3.6 --- p.52 / References --- p.64

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