Orientador: Archimedes Perez Filho / Banca: Iandara Alves Mendes / Banca: Cleide Rodrigues / Resumo: O estudo dos padrões de canal fluvial permitiu decifrar as diversas dinâmicas fluviais que o Rio Mogi Guaçu está submetido. A identificação e caracterização dos padrões de canal foram possíveis investigando os parâmetros: largura da planície fluvial, índice de sinuosidade, morfologia do canal, relevo das planícies, largura do canal, profundidade do canal, vazão e velocidade do fluxo. Para o Rio Mogi Guaçu foram encontrados sete padrões: Alto curso; Contato Serra-Depressão; Meandros de Conchal; Meandros de Leme; Boqueirão de Porto Ferreira; Meandros de Jataí; e, Foz do Mogi. A formação destes padrões está ligada a mudanças do gradiente, das estruturas e litologias no perfil longitudinal. Foi possível concluir que o desenvolvimento e a distribuição dos padrões de canal e das planícies fluviais são o resultado do inter-relacionamento das variáveis e fatores do sistema fluvial. Para o Rio Mogi Guaçu estas combinações modificam-se ao longo de todo o curso fluvial condicionando a formação de trechos com distintos padrões e dinâmicas. / Abstract: The study of fluvial channel patterns allowed to decipher various fluvial dynamics that Mogi Guaçu River is submitted. The channel patterns identification and characterization were possible investigating the parameters: floodplain width, sinuosity index, channel morphology, floodplains landform, channel width, channel depth, discharge and flow velocity. For Mogi Guaçu River were met seven channels patterns: Alto curso; Contato Serra-Depressão; Meandros de Conchal; Meandros de Leme; Boqueirão de Porto Ferreira; Meandros de Jataí; e, Foz do Mogi. The formation of these channels patterns is jointed move of gradient, geologic structures and lithologies in the longitudinal profile. It was possible to conclude that the development and the distribution of channel patterns and the floodplains are the effected of the interrelation of the variables and factors system fluvial. For Mogi Guaçu River these combinations modify all along the stream flow conditioning the formation of the intervals with distinct channel patterns and dynamics. / Mestre

abstract: Stable isotopes were measured in the groundwaters of the Salt River Valley basin in central Arizona to explore the utility of stable isotopes for sourcing recharge waters and engineering better well designs. Delta values for the sampled groundwaters range from -7.6‰ to -10‰ in 18O and -60‰ to -91‰ in D and display displacements off the global meteoric water line indicative of surficial evaporation during river transport into the area. Groundwater in the basin is all derived from top-down river recharge; there is no evidence of ancient playa waters even in the playa deposits. The Salt and Verde Rivers are the dominant source of groundwater for the East Salt River valley- the Agua Fria River also contributes significantly to the West Salt River Valley. Groundwater isotopic compositions are generally more depleted in 18O and D with depth, indicating past recharge in cooler climates, and vary within subsurface aquifer layers as sampled during well drilling. When isotopic data were evaluated together with geologic and chemical analyses and compared with data from the final well production water it was often possible to identify: 1) which horizons are the primary producers of groundwater flow and how that might change with time, 2) the chemical exchange of cations and anions via water-rock interaction during top-down mixing of recharge water with older waters, 3) how much well production might be lost if arsenic-contributing horizons were sealed off, and 4) the extent to which replacement wells tap different subsurface water sources. In addition to identifying sources of recharge, stable isotopes offer a new and powerful approach for engineering better and more productive water wells. / M.S. Geological Sciences 2010

Ph.D (Zoology) / The Characiformes, which are widespread in Africa and the Neotropical Region, comprise a broad series of species with strong oral teeth, of which numerous are top predators in their respective areas of distribution. This is the case with the six Hydrocynus species (Alestidae), which are endemic to African fresh waters (Skelton, 2001) and better known as tigerfish, owing to their striped colour pattern and prominent oral teeth (Jubb, 1967). As top predators they play a significant role in the functioning of riverine eco-systems, in particular as regards the transfer of energy from the floodplains to the main rivers (Winemiller & Kelso-Winemiller, 1994). Also as top predators they contribute to the maintenance of diversity in these eco-systems and to stabilize the energy acquired by their prey during their growth in the eutrophic floodplain. They also contribute substantially to inland fisheries, notably to the recreational side, since they are deservedly ranked among the most spectacular freshwater game species. Despite their ecological importance there is a dearth of knowledge on their ecology and behaviour, accept for a few dedicated studies (Baras et al., 2002). Tigerfish have a tropical distribution, but some species, such as Hydrocynus vittatus ranges to the southern limit of the inter-tropical region and is found in South African waters. In South Africa, H. vittatus occurs in the lowveld reaches of coastal systems north of the Phongolo River (Skelton, 2001). The species was formerly reported at altitudes greater than 300 m above sea level in Mpumalanga, Swaziland and Kwazulu Natal (Gaigher, 1969). Nowadays its distribution is restricted to the lower reaches of these rivers. In the Incomati River system, most historical records suggest that H. vittatus occurred up to the confluence of the Komati and Mlumati rivers, a distance of 50 km upstream from Komatipoort...

No description available.

No description available.

This study of precipitation is based on data in the 1955 Climate of British Columbia concerning the network of 106 stations which have been operated in the Fraser River Basin, Emphasis is on the description of precipitation characteristics, with cartographic representation of the data forming the basis of the explanations and discussion in the The first portion of the study concerns the concentration of annual and seasonal precipitation throughout the Basin, followed by a similar examination of mean annual and seasonal snowfall with observations concerning the proportion of annual snowfall in each season and the proportion of seasonal precipitation which occurs as snow. A parallel discussion of proportions for total precipitation, with emphasis on seasons and months of maximum and minimum, is concluded by an analysis of precipitation regimes in various parts of the Basin. The effect of the gaps in the Coast Mountains resulting in continental or coastal characteristics of precipitation, dependent on station location, is noted repeatedly throughout the thesis. Considerations of variability as well as the value and methods of checking homogeneity of station records are included with observations concerning years in which heavy or light precipitation was general in large parts of the Basin. An examination of all topics as they affect the thirteen sub-basins of the Fraser concludes the study. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

An intrusive complex in the Coppermine River Area, Northwest Territories appears to be a greatly elongated lopolith approximately 5 miles wide and 60 miles long. Multiple intrusion and magmatic differentiation have combined to produce layers of rocks which range in composition from dunite to granophyre within the lopolith. The acid rocks of the complex were emplaced as a number of separate injections of magma after the crystallization and cooling of the basic and ultrabasic rocks. The structural relations of the acid and basic rocks indicate that the acid intrusions were accompanied by faulting and subsidence of a part of the northern end of the lopolith. A prominent textural feature of the granophyre, an oscillatory mantling of nuclei of graphic quartz and potash feldspar by quartz-free potash feldspar and plagioclase, is believed to be the result of fluctuations in water vapour pressure during crystallization of the magma. The fragments in a breccia cemented by granophyre were probably, in part, formed by fault movements which accompanied the intrusion of the acid magma. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

This thesis represents a field and petrographic study of an elongate, tabular 'roof pendant' within the Cassiar Batholith. The general area lies between the headwaters of the Stikine and Finlay rivers in north-central British Columbia. Since no previous geological mapping had been carried out in this area, some details on the extent, lithology, and structure of the various formations are presented. These consist of the Takla Group of volcanics and marine sediments ranging from upper Triassic to upper Jurassic in age; the Cassiar Intrusions representing one general period of batholithic invasion; and the Sustut Group, composed of conspicuously bedded continental strata of upper Cretaceous and Paleocene age. Minor basic intrusives of probable Tertiary age are also present. The pendant occurs within intrusives of gabbroic composition. A wedge-shaped body along the western border consists of quartz gabbro. Bluish green hornblende, comprising some 25% of the rock, shows a lineation which is also visible in the orientation of the calcic plagioclase. Hornblende is the main mafic constituent, quartz comprises less than 10% of the total composition. The linear structures plus the presence of numerous foreign xenoliths within this more basic border phase, lead to the conclusion that the early intrusion was forceful, that emplacement was by piecemeal stoping, and that flowage of the magma occurred during crystallization. The main intrusive east of the pendant consists of massive granogabbro, composed of some 50% calcic plagioclase, 20% microcline, 20% quartz and 5% biotite. The emplacement of this intrusive was more passive. Phases intermediate to these two extremes are present, mainly along the eastern border of the pendant. These are of hornblende bearing granogabbro. The intrusives represent differentiated phases of a common magma. The pendant is composed of a conformable sequence of pyroclastics and calcareous sediments. The pyroclastics (tuffs) are predominantly of basaltic composition and form the flanks of the tabular structure. The calcareous sediments represent alternating deposition of tuffaceous and sedimentary material. The succession at three localities is presented in some detail. It is shown that thermal metamorphism of the basaltic tuffs has been negligible and that these beds have insulated the central portion of the pendant from laterally spreading thermal and metasomatic effects. The thermal metamorphism of xenoliths of basaltic tuff in the quartz gabbro is shown to be insignificant, whereas sedimentary xenoliths have been converted to an amphibole hornfels assemblage in equilibrium with the magma. Dynamic metamorphism has been active within the intrusive and older rocks, rendering those within the pendant to a schistose condition. Effects of earlier, ascending thermal metamorphism have been largely obscured by dynamic metamorphism. Hydrothermal alteration of the fault and shear zones to aggregates of quartz-ankerite and chromian muscovite, represents the final stages of the crystallization of a granitic magma. Field and petrographic criteria of ‘granitization’ are presented and critically examined. The coarse grained gabbros are shown to represent crystallization from a true magma. Maps and plates illustrate the main features. The appendix includes determinative mineralogy and petrographic descriptions of the intrusives. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

No abstract included. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

This thesis attempts to determine to what extent fluvial allogenic factors affect the development of vegetation in the Lillooet Valley, north-west of Pemberton, B.C. Microenvironments exist within the floodplain, based on height, flood frequency, drainage conditions, tree cover and soil development. The area is in a constant state of flux with respect to the change of species over time and the associated nature of the river channels that cause new areas to become available while constantly destroying other vegetated areas. The major hypothesis that vegetation, both individual species and species groups, can be spatially related to elevation differences as a measure of flood frequencies, cannot be proved in isolation from other hypotheses. Mo species were found to be solely related to the elevation factor. Although six species were found to be significantly related to height, they can only be used in very general terms to estimate flood frequency, however, as it is the rare 15 to 50 year event that determines the major vegetation pattern. Pioneer, scrub and young deciduous forests on the lower elevations and the understorys of the mature forests are entirely destroyed by such an event, thus changing the direction and pace of the development of many sites markedly. The second hypothesis was that sediment type as a measure of drainage conditions is important in differentiating species distribution, especially at the pioneer stage. It has been successfully demonstrated that during initial species invasion sediment type is important. This initial spatial differentiation causes major species variation in young forests and these differences may still be noticeable in mature coniferous forests. Finally, the importance of time and associated autogenic processes was noted to be of importance. It has been shown that there are several species groups existing within the field area that reflect the age of the sediment surface, and that the sites must be discussed within the age groups for meaningful results. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate