No description available.

Organisms have movements that are usually modeled by particles’ random walks. Under some mathematical technical assumptions the movements are described by diffusion equations. However, empirical data often show that the movements are not simple random walks. Instead, they are correlated random walks and are described by telegraph equations. This thesis considers telegraph equations with and without bias corresponding to correlated random walks with and without bias. Analytical solutions to the equations with absorbing boundary conditions and their mean passage times are obtained. Numerical simulations of the corresponding correlated random walks are also performed. The simulation results show that the solutions are approximated very well by the corresponding correlated random walks and the mean first passage times are highly consistent with those from simulations on the corresponding random walks. This suggests that telegraph equations can be a good model for organisms with the movement pattern of correlated random walks. Furthermore, utilizing the consistency of mean first passage times, we can estimate the parameters of telegraph equations through the mean first passage time, which can be estimated through experimental observation. This provides biologists an easy way to obtain parameter values. Finally, this thesis analyzes the velocity distribution and correlations of movement steps of amoebas, leaving fitting the movement data to telegraph equations as future work.

No description available.

published_or_final_version / Applied Geosciences / Master / Master of Science

This thesis explores the unique circumstances surrounding the provincial school at Telegraph Creek in northwestern British Columbia. Initially conceived as a school for the children of white settlers, local trustees permitted the attendance of Tahltan children year after year to maintain the minimum enrollment requirement to receive provincial funding. Combined with an annual tuition grant from the Department of Indian Affairs for the schooling of status Indian children, the Telegraph Creek public school functioned as an integrated school until provincial, federal, and missionary authorities interfered in the 1940s. The research demonstrates how decisions made by both provincial and Indian Affairs education officials leading up to the 1949 cost-sharing agreement to build a new school at Telegraph Creek, were far from benign. Indigenous children in northwest British Columbia became the objects of a post-war educational policy, which promoted integrated schooling and ironically, facilitated segregated schooling. / Graduate

This thesis investigates the origins and impact of electrical telegraphy in Germany between 1830 and 1880, situating them within the context of long-term transformations in the theory and practice of communication. It uses the development of telegraphy as an analytical lens through which to explore the connections between actors at the heart of the socio-economic transformations taking place in Germany during the period. Both as an innovation and as a tool of communication, this thesis argues, the telegraph epitomised the simultaneously growing interdependence and differentiation between people and places which was a defining characteristic of modernity. By exploring the motivations and interactions of scientists, entrepreneurs, state officials, and ordinary users who engaged with the technology, this thesis highlights the diverse expectations which were placed upon telegraphy, and the many different directions in which its development was pulled. In doing so, it reveals the ties between the ‘modernising’ processes with which the technology has been associated. It challenges linear narratives of technological innovation which focus exclusively upon individual or state actors, emphasising the cooperation and collaboration across society which was necessary to produce the telegraph. It similarly questions triumphalist interpretations of the 'communications revolution' so often attributed to the nineteenth century, emphasising instead the tensions and divisions which it also generated. Revisiting the themes of industrialisation, capitalism, community and bourgeois class-formation in nineteenth-century Germany in this light, this thesis emphasises their intrinsic interdependence, and the inevitable mixture of hopes and anxieties, expectations and frustrations, which it produced.

This thesis examines the use and representation of letters (and other written messages) in Thomas Hardy's novels, and it considers how Hardy's writing engages with Victorian communication technologies. The 1895 Preface to Far from the Madding Crowd describes Hardy's fictional setting as a ‘a modern Wessex of railways, the penny post, mowing and reaping machines, union workhouses, lucifer matches, labourers who could read and write, and National school children'. The penny post, a communication revolution with an enormous social, economic, and cultural impact, was introduced on 10 January 1840, just a few months before Hardy was born. This thesis aims to demonstrate how a consideration of the material, technological and cultural conditions of communication in Victorian England might reshape our understanding of Hardy's novels, especially of the countless letters, notes, and telegrams which permeate his texts. The written messages in Hardy's novels serve as a means for exploring the process of human communication, and the way this process shapes individual identity, interpersonal relationships, and social interactions alike. Chapter I of this thesis relates Hardy's portrayal of letters to the historical transition from oral tradition to written culture. Chapter II enquires into the relationship between letter writing and notions of privacy and publicity in Hardy's novels. Chapters III and IV argue that Hardy uses letters so as to give a strikingly modern complexity to his representation of human subjectivity and intersubjectivity. The two final chapters investigate how the modalities and technological conditions of written communication influence the construction of Hardy's narratives, the design of his plots. Taken together, the six chapters examine Hardy's perception of one of the most fundamental human activities: communication.

This thesis engages with the intersection between the British state and corporations, governmentality, conflict and corporate power and historical geographies of networked communications during the Second World War From its formation in 1928 to nationalisation in 1946, Cable and Wireless were the overseas communications service for the British Government. Throughout the 1930s, intersecting sociopolitical networks were fostered between senior members of Head Office staff and representatives of various government departments – from the Cabinet, the Foreign Office and the intelligence services. Through these networks, an ostensibly private communications company was drawn into a close relationship with the British state that blurred the boundary between government and business. By utilizing the archival holdings of the Company, held at the Porthcurno Telegraph Museum, Cornwall, Cable and Wireless’ war work will be detailed by examining three discrete but interrelated aspects. Theses are: first, overseas mobilization; second, domestic mobilization; and, finally, the mobilization of the body – of individual members of staff. In this thesis Cable and Wireless is configured as an institution in the Foucauldian sense and an examination of the exercise of governmental power follows. The physical network of Cable and Wireless is then configured as the conduit through which this power was exercised and disseminated. The central methodological contribution that this thesis makes is to discourses surrounding the notion of secrecy: how this is created and maintained, and how it shatters space into regions of knowledge and ignorance. Secrecy in this context also serves to empower some and dominate others. The final aspect of the research is to define and explore an alternative narrative to the Second World War: the central role that a private communications company played in furnishing the British Government with intelligence – of both a strategic and tactical nature – that was gleaned from the overseas network.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

O ruído de baixa frequência é um limitador de desempenho em circuitos analógicos, digitais e de radiofrequência, introduzindo ruído de fase em osciladores e reduzindo a estabilidade de células SRAM, por exemplo. Transistores de efeito de campo de metalóxido- semicondutor (MOSFETs) são conhecidos pelos elevados níveis de ruído 1= f e telegráfico, cuja potência pode ser ordens de magnitude maior do que a observada para ruído térmico para frequências de até dezenas de kHz. Além disso, com o avanço da tecnologia, a frequência de corner —isto é, a frequência na qual as contribuições dos ruídos térmico e shot superam a contribuição do ruído 1= f — aumenta, tornando os ruídos 1= f e telegráfico os mecanismos dominantes de ruído na tecnologia CMOS para frequências de até centenas de MHz. Mais ainda, o ruído de baixa frequência em transistores nanométricos pode variar significativamente de dispositivo para dispositivo, o que torna a variabilidade de ruído um aspecto importante para tecnologias MOS modernas. Para assegurar o projeto adequado de circuitos do ponto de vista de ruído, é necessário, portanto, identificar os mecanismos fundamentais responsáveis pelo ruído de baixa frequência em MOSFETs e desenvolver modelos capazes de considerar as dependências do ruído com geometria, polarização e temperatura. Neste trabalho é proposta uma técnica para análise de ruído de baixa frequência baseada na autocorrelação dos espectros de ruído em função de parâmetros como frequência, polarização e temperatura. A metodologia apresentada revela informações importantes sobre os mecanismos responsáveis pelo ruído 1= f que são difíceis de obter de outras formas. As análises de correlação realizadas em três tecnologias CMOS comerciais (140 nm, 65 nm e 45 nm) fornecem evidências contundentes de que o ruído de baixa frequência em transistores MOS tipo-n e tipo-p é composto por um somatório de sinais telegráficos termicamente ativados. / Low-frequency noise (LFN) is a performance limiter for analog, digital and RF circuits, introducing phase noise in oscillators and reducing the stability of SRAM cells, for example. Metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs) are known for their particularly high 1= f and random telegraph noise levels, whose power may be orders of magnitude larger than thermal noise for frequencies up to dozens of kHz. With the technology scaling, the corner frequency — i.e. the frequency at which the contributions of thermal and shot noises to noise power overshadow that of the 1= f noise — is increased, making 1= f and random telegraph signal (RTS) the dominant noise mechanism in CMOS technologies for frequencies up to several MHz. Additionally, the LFN levels from device-to-device can vary several orders of magnitude in deeply-scaled devices, making LFN variability a major concern in advanced MOS technologies. Therefore, to assure proper circuit design in this scenario, it is necessary to identify the fundamental mechanisms responsible for MOSFET LFN, in order to provide accurate LFN models that account not only for the average noise power, but also for its variability and dependences on geometry, bias and temperature. In this work, a new variability-based LFN analysis technique is introduced, employing the autocorrelation of multiple LFN spectra in terms of parameters such as frequency, bias and temperature. This technique reveals information about the mechanisms responsible for the 1= f noise that is difficult to obtain otherwise. The correlation analyses performed on three different commercial mixed-signal CMOS technologies (140-nm, 65-nm and 40-nm) provide strong evidence that the LFN of both n- and p-type MOS transistors is primarily composed of the superposition of thermally activated random telegraph signals (RTS).