No description available.

Greenhouse grown tomato fruits and tissues were tested for the presence of Salmonella after the plants had been treated with Salmonella contaminated irrigation water or grown from contaminated seeds. Greenhouse grown tomato plants were placed into eight different groups. Groups one through six consisted of five plants each and were treated with 350 ml of 10^6 Salmonella contaminated irrigation water over a course of 70 days; group one received one 350 ml 10^7 Salmonella treatment, group two received two treatments, and so on, the treatments were scheduled every 14 days. Group seven was the control that consisted of five plants and received no Salmonella treatment. Group eight was grown from seeds that had been contaminated with Salmonella by soaking the seeds in a 10^8 Salmonella suspension for 24 hours at room temperature, and received no Salmonella watering treatment. A total of 128 tomatoes were sampled from the tomato plants of all three groups and none tested positive for Salmonella. Tissue samples consisting of roots, leaves, and stems, and were collected from one plant per each of three replications. No leaves or stems contained Salmonella, however, five of the twenty-four root samples were positive for Salmonella. In a second study, Salmonella was tested for its ability to survive in three concentrated fertilizer stock solutions and 1.6% diluted solutions of the fertilizer. Fertilizer sample CF-S was a stock solution of commercial 20N-4.4P-16.6K fertilizer, US-S was a mix of 11.3 kg UltraSol, 4.5 kg Epsom Salts, and 2.3 kg 0N-0P-43.2K in 114 L water, Fertilizer CN-S is a mix of 11.3 kg Calcium Nitrate and 56.7 g Iron chelate (10%) to 30 L water; Fertilizers CF-1.6, US-1.6, and CN-1.6 were the 1.6% fertilizer dilutions respectively. There was no significant difference (p<0.05) between the survival of Salmonella in fertilizer groups CF-1.6, US-S, US-1.6, CN-1.6, and the sterile distilled water control; all but US-S yielded less than a one log reduction in Salmonella over a period of 72 hours. US-S yielded over a two log reduction in Salmonella and was not significantly different than CN-S which had over a four log reduction. CF-S was significantly different than all samples and led to over a 6 log reduction of Salmonella. The results of this study showed no evidence that Salmonella was able to internalize in Cultiver trust tomato fruit or tissues above the root line when irrigated with contaminated water into the pine medium under greenhouse conditions. There was also no evidence that Salmonella is able to internalize in any tissues or fruit from contaminated seeds. The results also show that Salmonella was not able to survive in the commercial fertilizer stock solution (CF-S), and had limited survival in CN-S tomato fertilizer solution. The diluted fertilizer solution and US-S stock solution showed no significance in survival of Salmonella when compared to the sterile water control. / Master of Science in Life Sciences

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:37:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 chiconato_da_me_jabo.pdf: 500103 bytes, checksum: 5bc8b44a580d87544114c0d521d4c94f (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do biofertilizante bovino e da irrigação em plantas de alface, para uma possível substituição de fertilizantes minerais por orgânicos e, ainda, diminuição de água para irrigação. O experimento foi conduzido em dois ambientes distintos: campo e ambiente protegido, em área experimental pertencente ao Departamento de Engenharia Rural da FCAV/UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, esquema fatorial 6x2, sendo 6 adubações (4 doses crescentes de biofertilizante bovino: 60, 90, 120 e 150m3ha-1 e duas testemunhas: sem adubação e adubação mineral) e 2 lâminas de irrigação (80 e 100% da evapotranspiração de referência) em 4 blocos, utilizando-se a cultura da alface (Lactuca sativa L.). As variáveis analisadas foram altura, diâmetro da cabeça, clorofila, número de folhas, matéria fresca e matéria seca da parte aérea da planta. Foi realizada a análise da variância pelo teste F, a comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05) e a regressão polinomial. O experimento de campo foi o que demonstrou resultados mais expressivos em relação à adubação orgânica. É possível obter uma produção satisfatória da planta de alface com biofertilizantes. A dose de biofertilizante recomendada para esse experimento é a de 90m3ha-1 e a melhor irrigação a de 80% da evapotranspiração. No ambiente protegido não houve significância em relação às adubações. Para a irrigação, a lâmina de água recomendada é a de 100% da evapotranspiração de referência / This work aimed to evaluate the effects of bovine biofertilizer and irrigation in lettuce for a possible replacement for organic fertilizers, and also decrease of water for irrigation. The experiment was conducted in two distinct environments: field and greenhouse in the experimental area of the Department of Rural Engineering FCAV / UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP. The experimental design was randomized blocks, factorial scheme 6x2, 6 fertilizers (4 increasing doses of bovine biofertilizer: 60, 90, 120 and 150m3ha-1 and two witnesses: without fertilizer and mineral fertilizer) and two irrigation levels (80 and 100% of reference evapotranspiration) in four blocks, using the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The variables analyzed were: height, head diameter, chlorophyll, leaf number, fresh weight and dry weight of plant tops. Was performed by analysis of variance F test comparison of means by Tukey test (p <0.05) and polynomial regression. The field experiment demonstrated the most significant results in relation to fertilization. Is can obtain a satisfactory production of lettuce plant with biofertilizers. The biofertilizer dose recommended for this experiment is to 90m3ha-1 and the best irrigation 80% of evapotranspiration. In the greenhouse there was no significance in relation to fertilization. For irrigation, the recommended is for 100% of reference evapotranspiration

Centrifugal distributors are used extensively for the broadcast application of granular materials such as seed, granular fertilizer, and agricultural chemicals. A major problem with this equipment is nonuniform spreading which frequently results in reduced crop yield. The object of this study is to provide information required for more satisfactory design of spreading equipment. The equations representing the motion of granular particles along the blades of three centrifugal distributor configurations were solved with the aid of an electronic analog computer. Straight, forward and backward-pitched blades and logarithmically spiraled blades, all on flat distributor bases, were studied. Straight radial blades on a concave, cone-shaped base were also investigated. The results of this study were presented in graphs. Displacement, velocity, and departure angle versus the angular rotation of the distributor were plotted for a large range of parameters for each configuration. These variables were expressed in dimensionless form. From a study of the graphs it was noted that of all configurations investigated, the radial-blade arrangement requires the smallest 1·rotational displacement of the distributor to impart a specified velocity to granular material. As the pitch is increased, greater rotation is required. For a given amount of distributor rotation, higher values of the coefficient of friction cause a reduction in both displacement of the particle along the blade and its final velocity. The effect of increasing the ratio of gravity induced friction force to centrifugal force is similar but smaller than the effect of increased friction alone. / Master of Science

Central-hopper spreaders are widely used to apply dry fertilizer. Uniformity of distribution is severely limited by the centrifugal-fan and boom-type distributors used on these spreaders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of automatic control principles to an experimental auger-boom-type distributor, To facilitate the use of automatic controls, a distributor of special design was developed, It consisted of an auger conveyor with a U-shaped cross section. Eighteen discharge openings were located on 6-inch centers along its length. Small compartments at the Location of each opening, agitators on the auger flighting, and a control slide along the length of the boom, controlled the discharge from the boom. The control system consisted of a flow-level detector at the outboard end of the boom and a controller and linear actuator to operate the control slide. Basic performance characteristics of the distributor were measured on a laboratory test stand using manual-remote control. Coefficients of variation for discharge patterns along the length of the boom varied from 4.63 to 12.22 percent under various combinations of auger speed, discharge opening size, and boom inclination. Discharge rate was more sensitive to opening size than auger speed. Regression coefficients and tests of independence indicated that discharge rate was not greatly influenced by fertilizer flow level. Minor segregation of dry-blended fertilizers was noted. In tests with automatic control, errors in slide position were corrected. However, slow oscillation of the slide occurred after the initial correction. An improved flow-level detector and controller are needed for acceptable field performance of the system. / Master of Science

No description available.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1961 M43

Production of biogas is one of several alternatives to meet sustainable energy solutions and waste management. However, managing the by-product (digestate) can be problematic with its high handling costs. Digestate from wet co-digestion biogas plants contains large volumes of water, causing high transportation costs and low concentration of the valuable nutrients. An alternative to try and reduce the associated costs is by processing the digestate. Processing the digestate for volume reduction allow for more economic and resource efficient ways of handling the product. This master thesis was performed on an initiative from Tekniska verken AB and address digestate handling from Linköping biogas plant, a large co-digestion biogas plant in Sweden. The project aimed to find a feasible, more resource efficient management of their digestate by looking at digestate processing alternatives.The approach systematically evaluated a large number of processing techniques by both literature and communication with TvAB or experts. A selection of techniques were further evaluated were studies in laboratory and a market analysis on digestate provided complementary information, aiding the economical evaluation. Results suggest that processing by centrifuge is a viable, economic option when digestate management is costly and a liquid fraction can be recirculated in the process. It has the potential to significantly reducing digestate management costs. Other processing alternatives may be beneficial if transportation distance can be greatly reduced and/or synergies can be found, but the findings in this project suggest that only treatment with centrifuge is of interest. The results are subject to a number of conditions (such as size of the plant) and assumptions (such as recirculation of a liquid fraction) and therefore need individual adaption to be applicable at any specific plant. Conclusive remarks are that although site specific conditions affect the choice of processing, a project such as this may help reducing the necessary time spent on evaluation. Both research process and results may provide valuable findings for similar evaluations in any industry.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1928 A45

Heavy metal contamination in food is a worldwide concern. Man-made ponds are domestic sites in the production of Procambarus clarkii and Procambarus zonangulus, two edible species of crayfish. Ponds may be constructed in former sugar cane or rice fields. Crayfish farming is an ancillary seasonal business within the rice-growing season. The use of products to control insects, pests, and weeds in rice and sugar cane production, may cause an accumulation of heavy metals in the crayfish tail within pond structures. Arsenic, cadmium, copper, and zinc are heavy metals that are absorbed through the roots of and distributed through rice products. Metabolites associated with rice products are absorbed in the human body. Research suggests that metabolites associated with heavy metals cause disease in animals and humans.