Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 1997. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 210-222).

Thesis (M.A.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of History. / Electronic thesis. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-211). Also available in print ed.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1969. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1994. / Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 293-308).

Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2003. / Thesis research directed by: English Language and Literature. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2004. / Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 251-265).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 221 p. : maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 180-208).

Aim: This research aims to analyze the different market challenges faced by multinational corporations when operating in frontier markets, taking the Lebanese market as the case example. Methodology: The adopted methodology is based on a perspective multi-case study carried out through a qualitative conduct with several multinational corporations operating in frontier markets and Lebanon in specific. Accordingly, the data collection is based on semi-structured face-to-face, telephone and email interviews with different personnel in allocated companies based on their observations and experiences regarding business operations and market conditions in the country. Subsequently, the gathered primary data is analyzed, discussed and compared with secondary data provided by academic journals, books and trustworthy databases. Findings: Against the background of growing international competition companies increasingly follow internationalization strategies and expand their operations into new markets. Thereby, frontier markets, a subcategory of emerging markets, gain in importance. Simultaneously, new opportunities often go hand in hand with various risks and challenges. In this study four different categories of market challenges were applied and investigated: (1) Political Instability; (2) Economic & Financial Constraints; (3) Corruption & Nepotism; and (4) Cultural Differences. The interviews conducted with several MNCs operating in Lebanon devoted that only the country’s Political Instability affected the case companies’ business operations. Economic & Financial Constraints played a tangential role. Whereas, Corruption & Nepotism and Cultural Differences did not affect the enterprises’ operations at all. Hence, the primary data gathered revealed partially contradictory results in comparison to the findings obtained from the literature review. Contribution: This study addresses various market challenges occurring in frontier markets, a comparably new and uncharted subcategory of emerging markets. Particularly, the market challenges in the case country Lebanon are unexplored yet. Thus, the study contributes novel results and aims to close a research gap. Limitations: The findings presented cannot be generalized, neither to other ME countries nor to frontier markets in general. The scope of this study is limited to one specific market, providing companies’ perceptions about various market challenges when operating in Lebanon. In addition, due to the applied qualitative approach and the authors’ geographical distance to the researched market, the sample size is relatively small limiting the generalization of the study outcomes. Suggestions for Future Research: Due to the recently introduced terminology and categorization, research about frontier markets is limited yet. So far, the ME region in general and the case country Lebanon were not in the researchers’ focus regarding market challenges. This study provides initial points of reference about market challenges MNCs face in Lebanon. Further research with a greater variety of investigated enterprises and industries would be conceivable. Moreover, a research focus on SMEs operating in the country might reveal different findings.

Thesis (MPhil) -- Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: When reporting on new research or claims by scientists, the science journalist faces a number of pitfalls. For a number of reasons the journalist might produce a story which is inaccurate or misleading. Thus, when a scientist claims to have found a cure for cancer, the journalist needs to check himself before delivering the story. In this paper I will examme a number of issues concerning the reporting of frontier science, or new research. In this realm it is particularly difficult to distinguish more reliable science from less reliable science. The problem is compounded by the vested interests of scientists, pharmaceutical companies and other interest groups. What the science journalist writes, influences public opinion, conceptions about science, and often affects people's decision-making regarding medical issues. There is thus a clear ethical aspect to science reporting. I will try to show that an understanding of how science works is crucial to reporting science responsibly. In this regard the distinction between frontier and textbook science is of particular importance. Theoretical distinctions such as these provide useful tools for the interpretation of claims from the frontier. The first chapter, then, will deal with theoretical concepts pertaining to how SCIence works. In the second we will examine a number of examples of how reporting from the frontiers can go wrong. We will argue that a better understanding of science might have prevented many of the inaccuracies and misleading claims examined. In chapter three we will attempt to list what can go wrong, and examine some of the possible consequences, thus outlining the ethical aspect of science reporting. Finally we will make a few suggestions and outline some guidelines which might contribute to more accurate and responsible reporting from the frontiers. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wanneer daar oor nuwe navorsing of aansprake deur wetenskaplikes berig moet word, word die wetenskapsverslaggewer gekonfronteer deur 'n aantal moontlike slaggate. Om verskeie redes kan daar onakkuraat of misleidend verslag gedoen word. Wanneer 'n wetenskaplike dus berig dat daar 'n kuur vir kanker gevind is, moet die joernalis homself eers aan sekere beginsels herinner. In hierdie skrywe sal ek 'n aantal kwessies te doen met die beriggewing van pionierswetenskap, of nuwe wetenskap, ondersoek. Op hierdie terrein is dit veral moeilik om tussen betroubare en minder betroubare wetenskap te onderskei. Die probleem word vererger deur die belange van wetenskaplikes, farmaseutiese maatskappye en ander belangegroepe. Dit wat deur die wetenskapsjoernalis berig word, beïnvloed publieke opinie en beskouings oor die wetenskap, en raak dikwels mense se besluitneming rakende mediese kwessies. Daar is dus 'n duidelike etiese aspek aan wetenskapsverslaggewing verbonde. Ek gaan poog om te wys dat 'n begrippnj van hoe wetenskap werk, onmisbaar is vir verantwoordelike wetenskapsverslaggewing. In hierdie verband is die onderskeid tussen pioniers- en handboekwetenskap van besondere belang. Teoretiese onderskeide soos dié verskaf bruikbare gereedskap VIr die interpretasie van aansprake uit die pionierswetenskap. In die eerste hoofstuk sal 'n aantal teoretiese konsepte oor die werking van wetenskap verduidelik word. In die tweede hoofstuk sal 'n aantal voorbeelde van waar verslaggewing van [N4]pionierswetenskap verkeerd geloop het, bespreek word. Ek gaan argumenteer dat In beter begrippisj van wetenskap moontlik baie van dié onakkuraathede en misleidende aansprake sou kon voorkom het. Hoofstuk drie sal dan poog om te lys wat verkeerd kan gaan, en sal sommige van die moontlike gevolge ondersoek. Hierdeur sal die etiese aspek van wetenskapsverslaggewing dus uitgestippel word. Aan die einde sal ek 'n paar voorstelle maak, en probeer om riglyne uit te stip wat kan bydra tot meer akkurate en verantwoordelike verslaggewing van pionierswetenskap.

La résurgence du mythe de la Frontière dans la rhétorique politique de la « guerre contre la terreur » oblige à reconsidérer l’idée de sa marginalisation dans la culture américaine depuis la crise du mythe public identifiée par Richard Slotkin à la fin des années 1960. Cette thèse en civilisation américaine et études filmiques soutient que, loin d’avoir été marginalisé, le mythe de la Frontière s’est diversifié, prolongé et consolidé dans la culture américaine. Considérant le cinéma comme le médium central d’une culture américaine mondialisée, cette étude propose une analyse sociohistorique des représentations du mythe de la Frontière dans le cinéma populaire américain après les années 1960. Elle vise à éclairer la continuité, sur les plans narratifs et idéologiques, existant entre le mythe de la Frontière formulé à la fin du XIXe siècle et le cinéma du début du XXIe siècle. Le point d’articulation entre ces deux périodes se situe au tournant des années 1960, moment où les critiques du mythe classique provoquent une diversification générique et esthétique de ses représentations. À partir d’un corpus primaire de six films de genres et de points de vue différents, sortis entre 1968 et 1986, nous adoptons une perspective transgénérique pour analyser les réponses à ces critiques formulées par le cinéma américain et la manière dont ces réponses servent de cadre idéologique au cinéma contemporain. Comprenant le mythe de la Frontière comme la version américaine d’une idéologie impériale partagée à la fin du XIXe siècle, nous soulignons les dynamiques transnationales accompagnant son émergence et sa diffusion dans une culture de masse mondialisée. Nous suivrons deux trajectoires principales reliant le mythe de la Frontière au cinéma contemporain : depuis la Conquête de l’Ouest de Theodore Roosevelt jusqu’aux représentations contemporaines de la guerre sauvage ; et depuis la « théorie de la Frontière » de Frederick Turner jusqu’aux incarnations cinématographiques d’un empire de la liberté. / The frequent use of frontier mythology in the political rhetoric of the “war on terror” calls for a reassessment of the common notion that it was marginalized in American culture after what Richard Slotkin identified as a crisis of public myth in the wake of the 1960s. This dissertation in American and Film Studies argues that the myth of the frontier did not wane in the American imagination, but rather diversified its forms and consolidated its influence in American culture. Considering cinema as the primary medium of a globalized American culture, this study is a socio-historical analysis of the representations of the frontier myth in American cinema after the 1960s. Its purpose is to underline the continuity, on a narrative and ideological level, existing between 19th-century American mythology of the frontier and 21st-century American cinema. The critical juncture is the turn of the 1960s, when criticisms of the frontier myth fostered a generic and aesthetic diversification of its representations in films. Based on a primary corpus of six films released between 1968 and 1986, taken from different genres and embodying different perspectives on the myth, this research adopts a transgeneric perspective to unpack the cultural responses to criticisms of the myth in the 1960s and the way those responses ideologically frame contemporary American cinema. We understand the frontier myth as the American expression of an ideology shared by all imperial nations of the late 19th century and, as such, adopt a transnational perspective on its emergence as well as its popularization. This study identifies two major paths connecting the frontier myth to contemporary American cinema: from Theodore Roosevelt’s Winning of the West to the representations of savage war; and from Frederick Turner’s frontier thesis to filmic celebrations of an empire of liberty.