Diploma thesis is focused on desing of the screw press, which is used for laboratory testing of materials by ECAP. Thesis included design of individual scructural groups and their destcription, including the creating of 3D model.

The problem of the study was to analyze conditions of the South African press, including effects of apartheid legislation on the free flow of information. The method of research was mail questionnaire to editors of twenty-two South African daily newspapers. The study showed that the South African press is restricted by legislation and additional laws are expected. Other information from the study includes the following: at least four main laws impede the free flow of information; the press has ready access to government officials; Die Burger and The Star are considered the most influential newspapers; and Prime Minister Vorster's recent advice that the press "put your house in order" seems aimed largely at key English-language newspapers.

This is an exploration of the effects of the press on British and German foreign policy between 1876 and 1906. The dissertation considers the growing influence of the press on Anglo-German relations. Historians have provided discussions of how domestic presses can affect their home governments. This dissertation adds to that by analyzing the consequences of the debates between the British and German presses on their governments’ foreign policy. The possibility for Anglo-German cooperation during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries receives significant interest due to debates regarding the origins of World War I. The reasons put forth by historians for the inability to conclude an Anglo-German agreement despite similar interests during this period include the volatility of Wilhelm II’s personality, the growth of the German navy, and the expansion of the German empire. I add to this discussion by analyzing how the British and German presses’ opinions increasingly inhibited Anglo-German diplomacy. In this analysis, I use six journals, representing the ‘official’ (London Times, Kölnische Zeitung), ‘semi-official’ (Pall Mall Gazette, Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung), and satirical (Punch, Kladderadatsch) segments of the British and German presses. I begin with a discussion of the two presses during the Near East Crisis (1876- 1878). During this period, the presses expressed growing interest in international affairs, prompting more concerns with how their governments dealt with other Great Powers. Following this discussion, I consider the effects of colonial competition in Africa between 1878 and 1896 on the diplomatic relations of Great Britain, France, and Germany. This is necessary to establish the background for the final section of the dissertation. The last part of the dissertation explores the British and German presses’ responses to each other between the Jameson Raid and the Algeciras Conference. It is during this later period, when British and German imperial interests conflicted, and when the Russian threat dissolved for Great Britain, that the final efforts for rapprochement between the two governments failed, leading to permanent estrangement. The British and German presses had a significant role in causing this separation, by using their articles to expand the distrust already existent between their governments.

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O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever e caracterizar o relise - produto textual realizado pelas assessoria de imprensa para divulgação de seus clientes na mídia - como um novo gênero da esfera de produção jornalística. Optamos pelo enfoque discursivo sobre os gêneros formulado por Bakhtin: os discursos são constituídos sócio-historicamente e determinados pelos diferentes modos de produção, assim como pelas relações estabelecidas entre os interlocutores. Para analisar esse gênero pouco conhecido do grande público, foi necessário, num primeiro momento, situar o leitor deste trabalho no universo das assessorias de imprensa, contando um pouco da história de seu surgimento e do importante papel do relise no dia-a-dia dos escritórios de comunicação. Calcado nas teorias da corrente bakhtiniana sobre gênero e suas aplicações nos estudos de lingüistas contemporâneos, buscou-se apresentar uma conceituação detalhada dos gêneros discursivos, como apoio para a caracterização do relise, evidenciando os recursos persuasivos que permeiam os textos produzidos pelos assessores de imprensa. A análise de cinco relises produzidos por diferentes escritórios de AI, abordando temas variados, revelou que, apesar de cada um deles focar em um público específico, o conjunto deles apresenta aspectos em comum, configurando um gênero com função comunicativa e estilo próprio. Trazemos ainda, ao final, matérias publicadas na imprensa sobre um sexto texto analisado, exemplos de como o relise é aproveitado pelos jornalistas nas redações e qual tipo de notícias ele é capaz de produzir na mídia, tendo como base este caso específico de divulgação. / The present study has as objective to describe and to characterize the release - textual product accomplished by the press consultantships for their customers\' popularization in the media - as a new gender of the sphere of journalistic production. We opted for the focus discursive on the gender formulated by Bakhtin: the speeches are constituted social and historically and determined in agreement with their different production manners, such as the established relationships among the speakers. To analyze this little known gender by the great public, it was necessary, in a first moment, to place the reader of this work in the universe of the press consultantships, describing a little of the history of its appearance and of the important paper of the release in the day by day of the communication offices. Stepped on in the theories of the Bakhtin´s trend about gender and their applications in the contemporary linguists\' studies, it was possible to present a more detailed formulation on the discursive genders, as a support to the characterization of the release, evidencing the persuasive resources that permeate the texts produced by the press assistants. The analysis of five relises produced by different press consultantships, approaching varied themes, revealed that, in spite of each one of them to focus in a specific public, their group presents aspects in common, configuring a gender with communicative function and own style. We still offer, at the end of this work, on a sixth analyzed text, through articles published in the press, examples as the journalists take advantage of the release in their articles and the kind of news they are able to produce in the media, based on this specific case of publicizing.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever e caracterizar o relise - produto textual realizado pelas assessoria de imprensa para divulgação de seus clientes na mídia - como um novo gênero da esfera de produção jornalística. Optamos pelo enfoque discursivo sobre os gêneros formulado por Bakhtin: os discursos são constituídos sócio-historicamente e determinados pelos diferentes modos de produção, assim como pelas relações estabelecidas entre os interlocutores. Para analisar esse gênero pouco conhecido do grande público, foi necessário, num primeiro momento, situar o leitor deste trabalho no universo das assessorias de imprensa, contando um pouco da história de seu surgimento e do importante papel do relise no dia-a-dia dos escritórios de comunicação. Calcado nas teorias da corrente bakhtiniana sobre gênero e suas aplicações nos estudos de lingüistas contemporâneos, buscou-se apresentar uma conceituação detalhada dos gêneros discursivos, como apoio para a caracterização do relise, evidenciando os recursos persuasivos que permeiam os textos produzidos pelos assessores de imprensa. A análise de cinco relises produzidos por diferentes escritórios de AI, abordando temas variados, revelou que, apesar de cada um deles focar em um público específico, o conjunto deles apresenta aspectos em comum, configurando um gênero com função comunicativa e estilo próprio. Trazemos ainda, ao final, matérias publicadas na imprensa sobre um sexto texto analisado, exemplos de como o relise é aproveitado pelos jornalistas nas redações e qual tipo de notícias ele é capaz de produzir na mídia, tendo como base este caso específico de divulgação. / The present study has as objective to describe and to characterize the release - textual product accomplished by the press consultantships for their customers\' popularization in the media - as a new gender of the sphere of journalistic production. We opted for the focus discursive on the gender formulated by Bakhtin: the speeches are constituted social and historically and determined in agreement with their different production manners, such as the established relationships among the speakers. To analyze this little known gender by the great public, it was necessary, in a first moment, to place the reader of this work in the universe of the press consultantships, describing a little of the history of its appearance and of the important paper of the release in the day by day of the communication offices. Stepped on in the theories of the Bakhtin´s trend about gender and their applications in the contemporary linguists\' studies, it was possible to present a more detailed formulation on the discursive genders, as a support to the characterization of the release, evidencing the persuasive resources that permeate the texts produced by the press assistants. The analysis of five relises produced by different press consultantships, approaching varied themes, revealed that, in spite of each one of them to focus in a specific public, their group presents aspects in common, configuring a gender with communicative function and own style. We still offer, at the end of this work, on a sixth analyzed text, through articles published in the press, examples as the journalists take advantage of the release in their articles and the kind of news they are able to produce in the media, based on this specific case of publicizing.

This thesis employs Jurgen Habermas’ theory of public sphere as an analytical tool to consider the role played by two popular private newspapers in the struggle for democracy in Zimbabwe, one case from colonial Rhodesia and the other from the post-colonial era. It argues that, functioning under repressive political regimes and in the absence of credible opposition political parties or as a platform for opposition political parties, the African Daily News, between 1956-1964 and the Daily News, between 1999-2003, played a fundamental role in opening up spaces for political freedom in the country. Each was ultimately shut down by the respective government of the time. The newspapers allowed reading publics the opportunity to participate in politics by providing a daily analytical alternative, to that offered by the government and the state media, in relation to the respective political crises that unfolded in each of these periods. The thesis examines both the information policies pursued by the different governments and the way these affected the functioning of private media in their quest to provide an ‘ideal’ public sphere. It explores issues of ownership, funding and editorial policies in reference to each case and how these affected the production of news and issue coverage. It considers issues of class and geography in shaping public response. The thesis also focuses on state reactions to the activities of these newspapers and how these, in turn, affected the activities of private media actors. Finally, it considers the cases together to consider the meanings of the closing down of these newspapers during the two eras under discussion and contributes to the debates about print media vis-a-vis the new forms of media that have come to the fore. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2014.

This thesis investigates the centrality of media spectacles in contemporary Chinese media culture, as sites of contestation over identity, citizenship and ethics. It examines four media spectacles - the media event of the new millennium celebrations, the news event of SARS reportage, the media stories about AIDS and SARS by new media users, and the media campaign war between Falun Gong and the Chinese state - to show how such contestation occurs in the interplay between the state and the non-state. It argues that the praxis to define identity, citizenship and ethics is not only in contestation (featuring resistance and opposition), but also in conjunction (characterized by mutual accommodation and appropriation) between the state and the non-state. Chinese modernity is produced in such interplay. / This thesis is an interdisciplinary study of Chinese media culture, which combines theories from media studies and critical theory with those from China studies, particularly cultural studies in and about China. Chapter One examines trajectories of studies on Chinese media and culture within the context of China's structural transformations in the post-Mao era. It also offers conceptual discussions of counter narratives of modernity as a tripartite concept and Chinese media spectacles in relation to the thematic structure of the thesis. Chapter Two examines the interplay of the state and the non-state through a case study of the new millennium celebrations. It argues that the interplay produces a rejuvenation millennialism that harbingers China's second coming in the third millennium. This rejuvenation millennialism is a hybrid discourse of nostalgia, nationalism, and utopianism, all of which require a post as their signifier. Chapter Three uses SARS reportage as a case study to examine the intellectual politics of Chinese journalists in their interplay with the state and the society. It shows how journalists use strategies of double-time narration to mediate the different logics that are imposed upon them. It argues that mediation journalism defines and confines contemporary Chinese journalism. / Chapter Four studies media stories about AIDS (the case of Li Jiaming) and SARS (the cases of Sun Zhigang and SMS rhymes about SARS) that are produced, circulated and consumed by Internet and mobile phone users in urban China. It shows how new media users are able to re-configure their subjectivities through the interplay with the state and intellectual/journalist communities. It argues that by allowing the reformation of political subjectivities, talking, linking and clicking has become an important means of exercising citizenship for the subjects of postsocialist China. Chapter Five examines Falun Gong's media campaign war with the state, with the focus on their representations of the body, in order to argue that the contestation between the state and the non-state constitutes a crisis not only for body politics but also for ethics. Falun Gong represents an historical force to split the ethics of the self and the nation from the politics of the state. Representing four aspects of counter narratives of modernity in China, these four media spectacles will inform Chinese politics, culture, society and everyday life in the 21st century.

Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-111). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Bern. / Includes bibliographical references.