There is a problem with determining rights to research data created or compiled in science research labs at Canadian universities. Unlike many copyright and patent issues that arise on university campuses, the law is unsettled with respect to rights to research data. This is primarily due to two factors: the uncertain legal status as to facts, which would include research data, and the differences in norms and academic traditions that exist. Some universities have implemented polices in an attempt to resolve the issue. However, the policy response has been confusing and inadequate. This thesis considers a new theoretical approach to the problem. The Coase Theorem is analyzed to determine what lessons can be applied to a university environment. The conclusion is that from the three main parties who would normally have claims to rights in research data – a professor, graduate student(s), or the university itself, the default rule should be to assign the initial ownership rights to the professor with a right of use to the graduate student(s), for research and publication required as part of her degree/program. The acquisition of additional rights would be the subject of negotiations between the parties.

There is a problem with determining rights to research data created or compiled in science research labs at Canadian universities. Unlike many copyright and patent issues that arise on university campuses, the law is unsettled with respect to rights to research data. This is primarily due to two factors: the uncertain legal status as to facts, which would include research data, and the differences in norms and academic traditions that exist. Some universities have implemented polices in an attempt to resolve the issue. However, the policy response has been confusing and inadequate. This thesis considers a new theoretical approach to the problem. The Coase Theorem is analyzed to determine what lessons can be applied to a university environment. The conclusion is that from the three main parties who would normally have claims to rights in research data – a professor, graduate student(s), or the university itself, the default rule should be to assign the initial ownership rights to the professor with a right of use to the graduate student(s), for research and publication required as part of her degree/program. The acquisition of additional rights would be the subject of negotiations between the parties.

We study several classes of finite posets equipped with linear orderings. We examine these classes according to the Ramsey and the ordering property. As an application we give several new extremely amenable groups of automorphisms of countable structures and compute several new universal minimal flows for such groups. The technique that we develop is also useful for studying classes of structures related to posets, such as quasi-orderings.

During September 2010, Google decided to change their trade mark policy to allow keywords which is equal to an already own trademark to be offered to all who intend to link the word to their ad. They offered a service for this called Adwords. The update followed since The Court Of Justice (CoJ) stated that Google does not commit trade mark infringement by doing this. The question to answer is whether the proprietors of trademarks can do something to stop them from being used by competitors as keywords in Adwords. CoJ has stated that the advertisers are infringing the exclusive right of a trademark if the used keyword is identical to the trademark, the commercial focuses on products that is identical to the products which are registered on the trademark and if the commercial makes it difficult or impossible to an average internet user to decide whether the products originate from the proprietor, a company which has a financial connection to the proprietor or a third party. If an advertiser limits the ad to contain commercial which focuses on their specific business and products it is most likely not possible for the proprietor to claim trade mark infringement. The opportunities to stop the advertising is found in the Swedish Marketing Act . This section of law prohibit so-called abuse of reputes and misleading marketing. In the case Blocket vs Metro it is tested whether Metro had conducted Abuse of Blockets repute by using the trademarked term "blocket". The Swedish Market Court (MD) stated without justification that some abuse of repute did not exist. The trade mark has, because of the policy change, reduced its value since the opportunities to protect a trade mark are still around but now the process is less efficient and more expensive. This however can be changed as soon as the possibility of “misleading advertising” is tested by the MD.

As a part of a larger effort towards the fundamental understanding of structureproperty relationship in nanoplatelet-reinforced polymer nanocomposites, a set of model epoxy systems containing α-Zirconium Phosphate (α-ZrP) have been prepared and studied in this dissertation. A new surface modification approach, i.e., the porous pathway approach, for improving intercalation efficiency and exfoliation of layered nanoplatelets has been proposed and the effectiveness has been demonstrated. In order to clearly understand the roles of nanofillers and the effects of their geometric factors on the physical and mechanical properties of nanocomposites, variables such as nanoplatelet loading level, degree of exfoliation, and aspect ratio have been carefully controlled in the epoxy matrices. Morphological information of the prepared nanocomposites was unambiguously confirmed by carrying out X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Tensile and thermo-mechanical properties of the model epoxy/α-ZrP nanocomposites have been investigated. Furthermore, fracture behavior of the model nanocomposites is examined in this study. This work has enhanced the understanding of the effects of nanoplatelet, i.e., loading level, degree of exfoliation, aspect ratio, and the type of surface modifiers, on the mechanical properties and fracture behavior of polymer nanocomposites.

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The overall purpose of this work is to develop systematic methodology for the simultaneous design and selection of processes and molecules (materials). A propertybased approach is used to develop an interface between process and molecular design/selection. In particular, we focus on the problem of designing/selecting materials that are used in the context of a recycle/reuse system of process streams and for energy applications. Fresh and recycled resources (e.g., process streams, biomass, solvents, etc.) are integrated with the process to satisfy property-based constraints for the process units and to optimize the usage of the resources and the design of the process. For molecular design, property operators for mixing streams and group contribution methods (GCM) are used to consistently represent process sources, sinks, and different functional groups on the same property-base. For material selection, property based criteria (e.g., heat rate, high heating value, etc.) are used to bridge the process with material. This consistent representation enables the definition of the optimization problem formulation for product design while taking into consideration the recycle/reuse of process streams. In particular, this dissertation addresses four integrated topics. First, a new graphical approach for material targeting and substitution is presented. This graphical approach offers initial solutions and valuable insights that can be effectively used for conceptual design and for initializing mathematical programming techniques. Second, a mathematical optimization approach is developed along with a decomposition-based global solution procedure for material targeting and substitution using property integration. Third, an implementation approach is developed to synthesize the details of a recycle/reuse process network design based on the targets identified through the graphical and/or the mathematical approaches. Finally, property integration techniques are extended to a broader scope which deals with the lifecycle analysis of biomass utilization for energy generation. A generic model is developed to optimize the types and quantities of the feedstocks used to optimize power generation with biomass-fossil fuel co-fed system. Important issues of biomass growth, harvesting, transportation, processing, and disposal are included. Property-based tracking and constraints are included in the analysis. Also, the issues associated with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are incorporated in the analysis. Case studies are solved throughout the dissertation to demonstrate the applicability of the developed procedures.

<p>This doctoral thesis consists of five self-contained essayspresented to the Faculty Board of the Royal Institute ofTechnology. Property valuation is a central issue that forms acommon thread in the analysis in these essays. In the thesisproperty is considered in a mixed asset context in an attemptto build a bridge between valuation, property investment andfinancial theory. The object of the thesis is to value propertyfor finance, sales and purchases and investment. Theinvestigation of the thesis extends traditional valuation withan integrated approach using econometric technology.</p><p>Essay I estimates the market value of townhouses underdevelopment in a North American city. The traditional hedonicregression model is used to predict the value of the complex asa whole, as well as of the individual unit. The role of theproperty tax in explaining property valuation is indicated andthe valuation errors of the predicted values estimated in theessay relative to the prices realized in the market suggest thefeasibility of regression analysis for preconstructionappraisal.</p><p>Essay II investigates the implicit prices of property valuesin the Beijing residential market. An uncertainattribute—"perceived construction risk" enters the modelas a proxy for a consumer's subjective probability ofconstruction quality. Public facilities are found to reduce thevalue of residences and consumers would be willing to pay ahighly substantial amount of money to protect themselves fromthe risk of poor construction quality.</p><p>Essay III studies the long-term relationship between housingprices and property stock prices under the Swedish rent controlsystem from 1980 to 1998. The Vector Autoregressive (VAR) modelwith a subsystem approach is used to test cointegration and theError Correction Model (ECM) and Granger Causality are alsotested. The tests provide evidence of co-movement between thehousing market and property stock market and suggest the roleof rentals in raising the speed of movement towards thelong-term equilibrium of asset prices.</p><p>Essay IV models the volatility of property stock returns inthe Swedish market from 1990 to 1999. The GeneralAutoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model isapplied to capture time-varying volatility and the GARCH-Mmodel is used to price this volatility. The vacancy rate isfound to help explain persistent volatility and risk spillovereffects from the bond market and the direct real estate marketare expected.</p><p>Essay V analyzes the inflation hedging ability of Swedishproperty stocks from 1980 to 1999. Two expected inflationrates—UND1x inflation and GARCH inflation—andcointegration technology are used for this study. For theperiod as a whole, no inflation hedging behavior is found, butfor the period of 1986–1993 when the vacancy rate was low,short-run inflation hedging is indicated.</p>

Schlüsselseiten aus dem Exemplar der BSB München: 4 Diss. 218. / Signaturformel: A - C4, D2.