Urban renewal in Hong Kong has a long history. However, the difficulties in land acquisition and rehousing had made most of the Government's urban renewal attempts unsuccessful. Moreover, urban renewal projects often caused citizen protest resulting in years of negotiations between the Government and the affected communities. On the other hand, piecemeal urban redevelopment by individual developers has always resulted in an undesirable "pencil" urban pattern which make long term comprehensive redevelopment more difficult. The Land Development Corporation (LDC) was established in 1988 to promote and facilitate urban renewal by means of utilisation of resources in the private sector (i.e. public-private partnership approach). This dissertation conceptualises that the fundamental causes of implementation problems for LDC's urban redevelopment projects in Hong Kong relate to the Mackintosh's concept of "partnership". Problems and issues arise when there are inequalities occur in the distribution of power among partners in urban renewal partnerships. The LDC's urban redevelopment projects without addressing this critical factor would eventually fail. With the increasing accountability to the urban planning processes, the Hong Kong Government can no longer ignore the significance of "community involvement" in urban renewal. The LDC's partnerships involve different parties such as property owners, private developers and different user categories as well as the Government. Their interaction may lead to conflictual interests through three major issues of partnerships: motivation of partnership, distribution of cost and benefits among the partners and the power relations between the public and private sectors in deal making. It has been possible to address these dilemmas using urban regime theory, the approach underlying this research. In this respect, two case studies of the redevelopment partnership projects examine the difficulties and the role of the LDC in promoting and facilitating urban renewal. In particular this dissertation is revealed that the popularity of the partnership approach faded away as quickly as it had become popular. The most important explanation is that under the existing Land Development Corporation Ordinance, the Hong Kong Government used the concept as an instrument to solve the financial problems in urban redevelopment processes. The Government was not aware of the social dimension of partnership. The concept can be applied in a successful way only if the relationship with private developers and affected residents is redefined. To address the LDC's partnership problems in a comprehensive way, a fundamental redefinition of the existing relationship between different stakeholders is proposed. Firstly, has to be based on the concept of the "Government-led" approach which requires reducing limitations in the current's Land Development Corporation Ordinance, and the successful of urban redevelopment could only be achieved through Government intervention. Secondly, a new Urban Renewal Authority (URA) with much wider jurisdiction, power and resource base than the existing the Land Development Corporation is recommended Thirdly, it is recommended that urban redevelopment must embrace a wider community agenda. This needs to relate physical redevelopment in a more equitable way towards wider economic, social and community concerns. Finally, the dissertation is concluded that the inclusion of community participation in administrative and legislative processes will definitely help to balance power amongst Government, the Land Development Corporation, private developers, and the affected residents in urban redevelopment process.

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are a 21st century solution to not only fund the infrastructure projects needed in the United States but also provide long-term insight and management. The large-scale infrastructure projects of the 20th century were distinctly a product of the federal government. That traditional model of government-financed infrastructure has proven to be unsustainable as mandatory entitlement spending strains additional federal dollars needed for infrastructure investment. Given the potential of PPPs to rebuild the nation’s roads, bridges, ports, transit, and other infrastructure, this thesis looks at several cities in the U.S. administering PPPs to consider what is required for their successful implementation. Transparency must be expected and metrics must be incorporated so that the ultimate beneficiary of the partnership is the public.

Nürtingen, FH, Diplomarb., 2004. / Betreuer: Alfred Ruther-Mehlis ; Hans Büchner.

Zugl.: Berlin, Freie Univ., Diplomarbeit, 2006

Freie Universiẗat, Diplomarbeit, 2006--Berlin.

Zugl.: Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2007. / Druckausgabe bei Oldenbourg Industrieverl., München erschienen.

Diss. Univ. St. Gallen, 2008.

Zugl.: Weimar, Universiẗat, Diss., 2006 u.d.T.: Elbing, Clemens: Risikomanagement für Public Private Partnership-Projekte und -Projektportfolios im Schulsektor aus der Sicht von Investoren aus der Bauwirtschaft.

The South African urban renewal and development environments are facing a number of challenges. South Africa, like many countries around the world, is experiencing challenges delivering to its citizens, facilities, infrastructure and services, at a rate fast enough to satisfy the public demand. Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) are a possible solution to curbing the disparity between these levels of supply and demand. The field of urban renewal and development is no different in this regard. In fact, urban renewal projects act as an effective measure when gauging the success rate of PPPs within a country. This is due mainly to the sheer size of these projects, which by their very nature, demand a certain involvement from numerous parties. While PPPs may act as an effective aid for government to increase procurement and service delivery, these initiatives are not without their problems, in fact these partnerships are often plagued with much uncertainty. This research aims to provide insight into factors affecting PPPs, both negatively as well as positively, and specific to the area of urban renewal and development. The first stage of the research involved semi-structured interviews that were conducted with industry experts. This allowed for the next stage of research which involved surveying employees in the relevant industry through a structured questionnaire. Based on the findings of this research, as well as knowledge garnered from a review of available literature surrounding this topic, a model was created to provide users with a clear consolidated view of factors affecting PPPs in general and specific to the urban renewal and development sectors. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

The globalization era has brought along fierce competition and fast connection and contact. To ensure national competitiveness, countries all over the world have conducted various reforms on internal operation and the formulation and implementation of policies. Since the 1980¡¦s, the U.K. and the U.S., by adopting new public management theories on the creation of an efficient government, have promoted the privatization of the public sector, the outsourcing of government¡¦s non-core services and the diversification of public facility management. This paper focus on four park and green land in Kaohsiung as to study the object, addressed the outsourcing performance and matching the depth interview method, entrusting the organization, operator, government, carry on concerning the interview of the dilemma and fruit that meets in the privately owned management process of an area run by private capital. Hope by the sorting review of the related cultural heritage, and "the outsourcing business model of partner's direction" of this research development, has the more thorough understanding to an area in Kaohsiung City, provide the actual situation and the suggestion on the policy. Through the review and study of policy implementation of local governments, the author suggests that local governments should create and supports at the partner up, contain the imperfection that the knowledge management, experience spreads to accept. The passive old bureaucrat mindset of the information, don't understand for the job, also cause three harassment of the manufacturer, government, people in contract. This paper basis "the outsourcing business model of partner's direction" to do the policy and the suggestion on the actual situation, providing the manufacturer, government, people with three aspect the outsourcing management model of join force operate.