D.Ed. / The scientific study of food has emerged as a discipline in its own right since the end of the 1939-1945 war. The need for the development of a training programme for street food vendors reflects an increasing awareness of the fact that the eating quality of food commodities is determined by a logical sequence of events that starts at the production of the food or the germination of the seed, and culminates in its consumption. From this point of view the street food handler is inevitably involved in certain aspects of nutrition, environmental health and psychology. Apart from the problems of handling and preparation of food, it seems likely that the food handler will become increasingly concerned with enhancing the biological value of traditional food. Further, there is the potential for evolving entirely new ways of preparation and handling as a result of the pressure of increasing population diversity and demand. This is likely to produce a need for the additional training of food handlers and health professionals. Street food is one of the major commodities with which Environmental Health Officers are concerned, and is subject of the present inquiry in Polokwane. This sector is a growing enterprise in Africa today: its expansion is linked to urbanisation, unemployment and lack of economic growth. Despite this, the role of street food in supplying ready-to-eat food has received little official attention; more notice has been paid to the potential dangers arising from the consumption of street food than to any benefits it might offer. This has resulted in the marginalisation of the sector’s activities. Much of the bias against street food is, however, unfounded and is based more on prejudice than empirical data. Official data on street food and its consumption in South Africa are largely lacking and few studies have been conducted in this regard. These few studies have shown that the street food industry is a large and complex sector, which provides a means of livelihood principally for unemployed woman and an affordable source of food to many thousands of people. The potential of street vendors to improve the food security in both urban and rural populations remains almost totally unexplored. Where the formal sector fails to provide opportunities for employment, people often resort to informal trading to make a living. This research has confirmed that street food is inexpensive, and immediately available to consumers. In Polokwane the sector produces an integral part of the diet that is regularly consumed by all income groups, but particularly by commuters, workers and school children. Street food is extremely diverse in terms of what is available: it includes drinks, fruit and vegetables, meals and snacks. The ways in which street food is processed vary widely and include the preparation of food on the city street in relatively heterogeneous and unregulated conditions. The potential drawbacks of street food include its safety requirements; the lack of training of street vendors; quality control of the preparation and microbiological safety; consumption requirements; and the enormous variability of street food in terms of ingredients used by different vendors and the way in which it is prepared. / Prof. H.G van Rooyen

Magister Public Health - MPH / Includes bibliographic references (leaves 70-80)."The goal of this research was to explore and describe the experiences and perceptions of the street children about the cyclical pattern of recidivism. To gain in- depth information regarding this issue, a qualitative research approach was followed. Data were collected by means of story-telling, guided by two foundational question themes. Firstly, experiences of family life and schooling and secondly, experiences of survival on the street and repeated criminal involvement. Data were analyzed according to the guideline discussed in Creswell (l998). Data were verified by means of measures suggested by Creswell (l998). Findings indicated that participants in this study suffered severe emotional and physical and material deprivation in their family contexts before moving to the street. Survival on the street depended on befriending other street children; begging on the street; abusing substances and getting involved in crime. Motivational factors for repeatedly being involved in crime were peer pressure, substance abuse, no fear of prosecution and opportunity/mischief. It was clear that participants were caught up in a “sub-culture” of life on the street.

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The objective of this disssertation is to explore how identity of place can be made explicit in an urban landscape. The University of Pretoria (UP) is situated in Hillcrest, a highly urbanised suburb of Pretoria, the capital city of South Africa. It is within the long-term vision of UP to expand the main academic campus toward the sports campus, LC De Villiers, in the East. The current incoherent design language of the eastern wing of the university's campus shows a lack of an initial masterplan. The site presents multiple layers of urban design issues which this dissertation investigates and resolves. This study proposes to revive a pedestrian-friendly street-culture along Lunnon Lane where users feel a sense of belonging. It sets out to achieve this through establishing a permeable and welcoming periphery of the university's main campus. Various urban design principles were researched and served as guidelines throughout the design process. A synthesis of four main design goals assisted in the process of decision-making: to reveal lost heritage, to accommodate an adaptable programme, to encourage interaction and public activation, and finally to encourage stewardship through sustainable green practices. By "student-scape" the author refers to a landscape shaped by the activities and patterns of the everyday student-life. / Dissertation (ML(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2014. / Architecture / ML(Prof) / Unrestricted

Dissertation presented in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Management (in the field of Public and Development Management) to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand September 2017 / The linear market model is the City of Johannesburg’s most recent street trading developmental intervention intended to manage and locate street traders in highly pedestrianised streets. The inner city of the City of Johannesburg is known for receiving a high influx of migrants from inside South Africa and outside the country seeking economic opportunities. Some of these migrants find themselves in the streets of the City of Johannesburg engaging in illegal street trading. The City of Johannesburg municipality has come up with various strategies to regulate and manage street trading including the introduction of By-laws. In 2008 the City of Johannesburg municipality introduced the linear market model as a means to provided proper structures for street traders, and models that are intended to organise them and assist in unlocking their entrepreneurial skills. The implementation of the linear market model had its own challenges, including some stakeholders believing that it is not beneficial and some traders believing that the entire process of moving them around undermined their rights. However, this research had not examined the conflicts that the municipality has with the street traders but focused on assessing the situation relating to the market, street traders’ challenges and the support they receive from the municipality. This research was conducted in the form of a case study to critically assess the linear markets located in the inner city of one of the busiest cities of the continent. The research assessed the functionality of the model focusing on the benefits that this market model brought to the street traders. The methodology applied to carry out this research does not generalise the findings for broader scope and consideration. However, the significance of the outputs through this research could be of use to provide insights within the City of Johannesburg where such infrastructure is developed. The research found that the linear market model is structurally functional but with some administration challenges. Maintenance and inadequate support by the municipality was the main challenge in these markets. This research study made recommendations to assist the municipality as it implements the linear market model in other regions of the municipality. / E.R.

During the 1960s in the United States, AM radio stations began broadcasting an underground format. The purpose of this study is to examine the Beaker Street program on Little Rock's KAAY AM-1090. This show presented non-mainstream programming. Disc jockeys supported alternative points of view, while playing underground music. The 50,000-watt directional AM radio signal at night aired KAAY across the Western Hemisphere. The host, engineer Dale Seidenschwarz, was named Clyde Clifford. Research utilized interviews with Seidenschwarz and KAAY employees. Sources included newspapers, magazine, documents, audio recordings and artifacts. Findings reveal a popular, undocumented radio program. This study tells the significant story of a radio program that people remember and listen to today, now on an FM station.

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While studying at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, I noticed a significant issue: the town lacked a central hub to unite people of all ages, including students, families, and the elderly. Blacksburg needed to transcend its reputation as solely a college town, and that became the main focus of my thesis. My goal was to explore effective ways of connecting people and boosting the town's economy. Drawing from my experience growing up in a European town, I realized that Blacksburg didn't have a dedicated space for its residents. The streets were dominated by vehicles, making it difficult for pedestrians to navigate. Main St., the busiest road in town, connected the south and north but was consistently congested, especially at night when students were out and about. To address this issue, I chose to intervene near the lively downtown area. Draper St., which runs parallel to Main St. and serves as the border between Blacksburg and Virginia Tech campus, seemed ideal. While Draper St. currently accommodated both vehicles and pedestrians, it didn't experience significant traffic. I decided to remove vehicular traffic from a four-block stretch, from College Avenue to Washington St. This section housed important landmarks like the Black House and the iconic Benny pizza place. The Farmer's Market, where locals sold fresh local produce twice a week, was also located here, along with popular social spots like Rivermill and Milk Parlor. To make space for new structures like a greenhouse, hotel, apartment complex, and retail spaces, I planned to eliminate some parking lots. The urban intervention would have only one intersection, where Draper St. meets Roanoke St., allowing for shared use by vehicles and pedestrians. This intersection would also serve as a drop-off point for Farmer's Market vendors. I firmly believe that this project has immense potential to benefit Blacksburg, not just financially but also by enriching its cultural fabric. / Master of Architecture / While at Grad school in Virginia Tech (Blacksburg, VA), I realized the lack of a connecting point between all the group ages including students, families and elderly people. Blacksburg should be more than a college town, and this is the main point of my thesis. How to connect people in a successful way as well as helping the town's economy. Based on my experience growing up in a European town, I realized there is no place in Blacksburg fully dedicated to people. All the streets share vehicular and pedestrian circulation. Main St. is the busiest in town, but it is also the principal axis connecting south and north Blacksburg. This road always has traffic, and it is not safe for pedestrians, especially at night when the students come out. This intervention should be close to downtown where activities take place. For this reason, I chose Draper St. which is directly parallel to Main St, acting as the borderline between Blacksburg and Virginia Tech campus. This street is currently design for cars and people, but it does not have a lot of traffic, so I decided to remove the vehicular circulation along 4 blocks, from College Avenue to Washington St. This portion has some important buildings such as the Black House, and the iconic Benny pizza place. There is also a very important location on this street, the Farmer Market where they sell fresh local products every Wednesday and Saturday. Rivermill and Milk Parlor are some popular social places on this street. There are some parking lots which I am getting rid of to add other structures like a green house, a hotel, an apartment complex and retail among others. This urban scale intervention will only have one intersection at Draper St. and Roanoke St. where cars will share road with pedestrians. This will also allow for a place to drop off the products for the Farmer Market. In my opinion this project will bring a lot of benefits to the town of Blacksburg, not only financially but also culturally.