The purpose of this thesis is to develop a theoretical framework which could then be used to measure structural unemployment. This is done by first surveying the relevant literature, then developing a theoretical model for the measurement of structural unemployment, and finally applying this model to Canadian data. In the survey of the relevant literature the various approaches are categorized into the causal, the structural maladjustment and the policy approaches. The causal approach involves explaining structural unemployment in terms of the causes of labour displacement. This is considered inadequate because it ignores problems in the labour market adjustment process, whose function is to wipe out the imbalances created by structural dislocations. These problems are considered by the structural maladjustment approach, together with the symptoms of structural maladjustment. It analyzes the forces promoting and impeding the labour market adjustment process. However, these forces are at present not quantifiable. The symptoms of structural maladjustment, on the other hand, are. A favourite method of determining changes in structural maladjustment has been the analysis of the structure of unemployment. This thesis, however, supports the contention that this method is generally misleading. Analyses of long-duration unemployment are also considered not to be useful, but a framework involving the relationship of unemployment to vacancies is seen as fruitful. The policy approach is concerned with the relationship of unemployment and inflation. According to this approach, the degree of structural maladjustment is indicated by the distance of the inflation-unemployment function from the origin. However, there are problems involved in using it to measure structural unemployment, primarily because of the impurities involved in the relationship. The next step is to develop a model which does not depend on proxies for labour demand, but uses variables directly related to the labour market, and has a theoretical rationale. This model must separate the effects of aggregate demand and of structural imbalances on unemployment. It does this by determining the cyclical relationship between the unemployment and vacancy rates and attributing changes which cannot be explained by this relationship to changes in the level of structural imbalances. . This model is then applied to Canadian data. Before that can be done, however, the vacancy rate has to be derived from N.E.S. vacancy data. The ratio of actual vacancies to N.E.S. vacancies is estimated on the basis of the ratio of total hirings to N.E.S. placements. Using the vacancy rate thus estimated, several forms of the relationship between the unemployment and vacancy, rates are empirically tested. The results indicate that very little of the changes in the total unemployment rate are attributable to changes in structural imbalances. Variability in unemployment is largely caused by variability in aggregate demand. However, there appears to have been some upward trend in the structural unemployment rate (defined as the unemployment rate that would prevail if aggregate labour demand were equal to aggregate labour supply), from 3 per cent in the early 1950's to nearly 4 per cent in the 1960's. These results suffer from the uncertainty involved in the estimated vacancy rate, but an analysis of changes in the ratio of total hirings to N.E.S. placements, which was used in the estimation, supports the findings concerning the structural unemployment trend. / Arts, Faculty of / Vancouver School of Economics / Graduate

Published also as the author's Thesis (PH D.)--Columbia University, 1917. / Vita. Bibliography: p. 170-178.

Thesis (doctoral)--Columbia University, 1917. / Vita. Reproduction of original from Harvard Law School Library. Includes bibliographical references (p. 170-178).

Published also as the author's Thesis (PH D.)--Columbia University, 1917. / Vita. Bibliography: p. 170-178.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--Stockholm. / Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 291-295) and index.

This thesis focuses on the nature and extent of interwar Japanese unemployment and public policy responses to it, issues which remain relatively neglected in the historiography. It details the spasmodic attention devoted by government to the unemployed in the immediate aftermath of the First World War and how attitudes towards the out of work evolved in response to the changes in the economic environment, both national and international, down to 1938. Particular attention is paid to contemporary attitudes both inside and outside of government towards the related issues of public works, unemployment insurance and industrial rationalization. In addition, unemployment policy is examined in the context of wider budgetary and fiscal concerns, principally with regard to the restoration and abandonment of the gold standard, and in light of the efforts made from the early 1920s to improve upon the rudimentary estimates available to policy makers of the scale and nature of unemployment problem.

The main objective of this study was to establish the extent to which the un employed people in South Africa are placed at a disadvantage in the labour market as compared to the employed people. Two sample populations were investigated in a typical peri-urban community and certain variables were studied, namely demographic, educational and employment variables. The results strongly indicate that the unemployed people are regarded as 'under class' citizens and lack the protection they deserve in the labour market. Based on their backgrounds they are severely disadvantaged and if no positive steps are taken to improve the situation by training and development, entre preneurial support and government projects especially in the rural areas, the levels of unemployment will continue escalating accompanied by increasing poverty and high crime levels. This creates a vicious cycle acting as a deterrent to overseas investors. From this study it can be surmised that the creation of jobs only is not the solution to the problem we are faced with. The solution is certainly more holistic. Another area of study was to establish whether the current Labour Market Model is an appropriate one taking into consideration the current environ ment of escalating unemployment and poverty. The model is regarded as be ing inflexible in an environment such as ours. More flexibility may help curb the escalating levels of unemployment. / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2007.

Thesis (MPsy(Organisational))--University of South Australia, 2000

Inaug.-diss. - Halle-Wittenberg. / Lebenslauf. "Einleitung" and "kapitel I" only; pub. in full Halle a. S., 1907 (viii, 126 p.). "Literaturverzeichnis," p. [vii]-viii.