Thesis (Ph. D.)--Temple University, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 234-250). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2004.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--York University, 2004. Graduate Programme in Education. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 475-488). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL:http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss&rft%5Fval%5Ffmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss:MQ99374

With the very fast development within the area of information technology and the fact that the youth of today are very quick to learn about the new technology, a threat has developed. The technology can be misused in several ways aiming at causing other individuals damage, among other things bullying. Since bullying to a large extent takes place in school among children and young people, I have chosen to carry out a survey about how widespread e-bullying is. I chose to do the survey on a computer - and technology intensive IT upper secondary school, where each pupil has access to a portable computer with wireless Internet. Having in mind that I work at an IT upper secondary school, it was quite natural to choose precisely an IT upper secondary school, but because of that those students probably use the new technology more frequently than other young people in general. The issue became thus. ”How common is it with e-bullying at an IT upper secondary school?” and also ”Is it more common with e-bullying than traditional bullying?” The survey's main aspects were to let the students reply on a quantitative questionnaire that was placed on a web platform, which they reached on the Internet. More or less 50% of the school's students replied on the questionnaire and each surely distributed over the classes 1 to 3, with a bigger percentage of girls than of boys. The survey showed that it was not particularly common with bullying through electronic mediums compared with traditional ways. Only 21% of the students that gave themselves out as being bullied (31 % of all that been asked) stated that this happened through e-bullying of some kind. On the wide question if they thought that it was common with bullying on the Internet, 36,6 % replied that it was very common or quite common. When they got the question about if it was common with bullying via SMS/MMS 17% replied that it was very common or quite common. As to the question of ”What is the most occurring the bullying way, according to your experience?” only 5,6% replied with any off the alternatives SMS/MMS, MSN/Messenger, other chat, Communities or other from the Internet. When I compared my survey with the one that Friends did, I saw that it is not more common with e-bullying at an IT upper secondary school than any other upper secondary school and that it is not more common with e-bullying than traditional bullying. Instead it is much more common with traditional bullying than e-bullying.

The paper focuses on attitudes and behavior on the concept of the youth’s buying behavior towards branded sports shoes, different consumers have got different decision making process. The buyer’s ultimate goal is to buy the product of qualitative, quantitative with low/best affordable price. In order to identify different kinds of consumer’s behavior towards buying of different branded shoes and Nike sports shoe. I have carried out buying behavior of youth and different kind of consumer behavior models, literature and theory of consumer behavior; finally, I analyzed and concluded with research based on questionnaire of Nike shoes and case studies of Nike sports shoes at Halmstad University.

Eating disorders are known for their chronic and relapse-ridden course. The cyclical nature of these disorders poses not only grave physical and mental health risks for the sufferer; it also presents serious challenges for the treating professionals and places a high demand and cost on the health care system. In spite of extensive research, no reliable predictors of long-term EDs have been identified in either adult or adolescent populations, nor have treatments emerged that are specifically targeted towards treating those with a long-term ED. It is fundamental to understand who is at risk and what factors are involved in long-term EDs, as the clinical and treatment implications gleaned from this evidence could be quite impactful. The current project will include three studies that will explore long-term EDs in a large transdiagnostic sample of adolescents with an ED. It will also attempt to overcome methodological limitations associated with past studies of this type, and apply an operational definition of this course of illness that may provide a more reliable and valid method with which to identify these cases. As such, the use of the term refractory ED, defined as a return to same-type treatment, will be applied to best identify this group. The three studies proposed in this research project will provide long overdue information on predictors, profiles and growth trajectories of those adolescents who suffer from a refractory course of an ED. This research project attempts to answer the question of: who will be affected, and how will the individual be affected by a refractory ED. With the ability to identify these cases and how the course of illness is being affected, treatment approaches can better aim to provide the appropriate treatment to those individuals most at risk of suffering from a refractory course of illness.

This dissertation utilizes a Foucauldian perspective to explore the relationship between at-risk youth and the acceptance and integration of long-term conventional goals and values held by the general population. I posit that orthodox theories, which argue that youth who engage in delinquent behaviors do so because they either reject the goals and values of society, or they realize they have no legitimate means of goal attainment, fail to adequately explain why some youth appear to integrate and strive for these goals. I argue that Foucault's work on power and knowledge, more specifically the use of bio-power and the technologies of normalization, can be used as an explanation for how at-risk youth come to integrate and accept these conventional goals and fully participate in the creation of themselves as "docile bodies". </p> <p>This issue is explored through an analysis of two sets of data collected through the development and implementation of two separate surveys; one given to the general population of youth and the other to at-risk youth. As well, I explore the findings of personal interviews collected with youth incarcerated in Kilburn Hall, a remand centre in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. </p> <p>What these data show is that, far from rejecting the conventional goals and values of society, at-risk youth appear to integrate both the goals and a strong ideology of personal responsibility for the attainment, or failure to achieve these goals.

The purpose of this thesis is to look at the current treatment of children and youth who are being exploited by the street sex trade. An understanding of the issues faced by these young people needs to be present before successful solutions can be developed and implemented. This thesis argues that children and youth are forced into the street sex trade by social and economic factors that are outside of their control. Young people do not have realistic alternatives to engaging in the street sex trade. Their involvement in the sex trade amounts to survival sex which may be the only way that they are able to provide for themselves. The lack of realistic alternatives to engaging in prostitution related offenses leads to the argument that charging children and youth with these types of offences is a violation of their basic rights under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Criminal charges do not address the realities that lead to sexual exploitation through the sex trade. Constructive steps need to be taken to deal with this issue in a way that allows for positive changes to occur. It is argued that programs that aim to address the root issues leading to sexual exploitation through the sex trade should be developed and supported. These programs should attempt to divert children and youth off the streets as a more permanent solution, rather then charging them under the Criminal Code. Effective solutions need to be found to protect the children and youth from further exploitation through the sex trade.

Governments, human rights bodies and disability studies scholars all have suggested that disabled people’s citizenship – the legal status and lived practices that enable membership, participation and belonging in one’s community - depends on consistent, adequate and readily available home and personal supports. Yet, little theoretical or empirical work examines disabled young people’s citizenship or their use of support, particularly from their standpoints. Consequently, the ‘work’ disabled young people do to accomplish citizenship remains unrecognized, as are their unique requirements for support to do that work. Normative non-disabled citizenship assumptions remain unproblematized. This study explores what disabled young people do to accomplish citizenship, using home and personal support as the empirical foci. I used a dialogic theoretical and methodological approach, drawing on Mikhail Bakhtin and Dorothy Smith. Both posit that our talk, consciousness and actions respond to and anticipate the voices of others. Through participatory media arts techniques with disabled young people, ethnographic observation and interviews with gatekeepers to formal and informal care, I describe the work that a group of disabled young people did to secure and maintain support and how this in turn shaped their opportunities for specific citizenship practices: self-determination, community participation and social contribution. I argue that disabled young people's work to secure and maintain support requires that they mobilize the authoritative discourse of 'the poster child': a set of objectified values and views encapsulated in utterances about disabled people as futureless, deficient and deferential, originating in images to promote charitable giving. I trace three sequences of activities in which participants assimilated, resisted or brought poster child utterances into ‘dialogue’. The findings raise questions about the extent to which formal entitlements to supports influence how citizenship is lived. Drawing attention to the gaps and tensions in support provision, the findings illuminate the tremendous invisible, tacit work these participants do to strengthen fragile supports. This work, organized by philanthropic rather than rights discourses, leads to a qualified or fragile citizenship. Finally, the study raises questions about the normative and material demands that we may all experience with respect to achieving citizenship, regardless of disability or age.

Governments, human rights bodies and disability studies scholars all have suggested that disabled people’s citizenship – the legal status and lived practices that enable membership, participation and belonging in one’s community - depends on consistent, adequate and readily available home and personal supports. Yet, little theoretical or empirical work examines disabled young people’s citizenship or their use of support, particularly from their standpoints. Consequently, the ‘work’ disabled young people do to accomplish citizenship remains unrecognized, as are their unique requirements for support to do that work. Normative non-disabled citizenship assumptions remain unproblematized. This study explores what disabled young people do to accomplish citizenship, using home and personal support as the empirical foci. I used a dialogic theoretical and methodological approach, drawing on Mikhail Bakhtin and Dorothy Smith. Both posit that our talk, consciousness and actions respond to and anticipate the voices of others. Through participatory media arts techniques with disabled young people, ethnographic observation and interviews with gatekeepers to formal and informal care, I describe the work that a group of disabled young people did to secure and maintain support and how this in turn shaped their opportunities for specific citizenship practices: self-determination, community participation and social contribution. I argue that disabled young people's work to secure and maintain support requires that they mobilize the authoritative discourse of 'the poster child': a set of objectified values and views encapsulated in utterances about disabled people as futureless, deficient and deferential, originating in images to promote charitable giving. I trace three sequences of activities in which participants assimilated, resisted or brought poster child utterances into ‘dialogue’. The findings raise questions about the extent to which formal entitlements to supports influence how citizenship is lived. Drawing attention to the gaps and tensions in support provision, the findings illuminate the tremendous invisible, tacit work these participants do to strengthen fragile supports. This work, organized by philanthropic rather than rights discourses, leads to a qualified or fragile citizenship. Finally, the study raises questions about the normative and material demands that we may all experience with respect to achieving citizenship, regardless of disability or age.