La présente étude porte sur la pratique du genre de la tragédie classique au XIXe siècle, en particulier sous la Restauration et la Monarchie de Juillet. Ce qui nous intéresse, ce sont les développements les plus tardifs du genre tragique en France, genre dont nous documentons l’évolution et le déclin progressif au cours de la première moitié du XIXe siècle, c’est-à-dire jusqu’à sa disparition des théâtres français, qui a lieu autour de 1850. En nous basant sur un corpus de quatre-vingt pièces, nous essayons de brosser un tableau complet de la tragédie et des auteurs tragiques de la Restauration et de la Monarchie de Juillet, ou plus exactement des quarante années comprises entre 1814 et 1854. Conçu comme l’étude d’un code littéraire, ce travail s’articule en deux parties : dans la première, nous définissons le code tragique post-napoléonien sur la base des constantes formelles qui le caractérisent, en montrant l’évolution que le genre connaît des points de vue stylistique, structurel et plus strictement dramaturgique ; dans une seconde partie, nous examinons les constantes thématiques de ce code, en étudiant les stratégies par lesquelles la tragédie transpose, à travers les sujets historiques fortement allusifs qu’elle traite, les grandes problématiques politico-sociales de son temps. En documentant la continuité qui existe entre cette tragédie tardive et le drame romantique, nous cherchons enfin à valoriser les pièces de notre corpus et à mettre en évidence leurs traits modernes, ce qui nous conduit à rechercher les raisons de la persistance d’un genre traditionnel comme la tragédie classique et les facteurs qui déterminent sa revitalisation au XIXe siècle. / This study concerns the practice of the genre of classical tragedy in the nineteenth century, particularly during the Restoration and the July Monarchy. It focuses on the last developments of tragedy in France and documents the evolution and the progressive decline of this genre during the first half of the nineteenth century; that is until its disappearance from French theatres, which took place around 1850. By considering a corpus of eighty plays, this work aims to give a clear picture of the tragic genre and tragic authors of the Restoration and the July Monarchy, or more exactly of the forty years from 1814 to 1854. This work is conceived as the study of a literary code and is divided into two parts: in the first part, we try to define the tragic code of the post-Napoleonic era on the basis of the formal constants which characterise it, showing the evolution of the stylistic, structural and dramaturgic features of tragedy. In the second part, we look at the thematic constants of this code, studying the strategies that tragedy uses to transpose – through the historical and highly allusive subjects that it treats – the principal social and political problems of its time. Finally, by showing the continuity which exists between the declining tragic genre and the romantic drama, we try to valorise the texts in our corpus and to underline their modern features. This leads us to look for the reasons behind the persistence of a traditional genre like the classical tragedy and for the factors which revitalise it in the nineteenth century.

Between 1808 and 1814 England was committed to an expensive and bloody campaign against the French invasion of the Iberian Peninsula. The Peninsular War, as it came to be known, was initially celebrated as a war of national independence that attracted widespread support. Soon after, it was characterised by political scandal and public controversy. Literary scholars have devoted much attention to the political, social and cultural effects of the French Revolution, but have written surprisingly little about the later years of the campaign against Napoleonic France. The principle objective of this thesis is to offer the first in-depth study of English theatre during the Peninsular War. It considers the most popular plays in performance, and asks what their staging, publication, and reception history reveal about a nation’s literary tastes and its political self-awareness. Sheridan’s Pizarro, a play about the Spanish conquest of Peru, was one of the most successful plays on the Romantic stage. A close analysis of this play considers its popularity between 1799 and 1815, and what it suggests about the flexibility of the contemporary repertoire system. Audiences’ ability to ascribe topical inflections to old plays helps explain the demand for Shakespeare and the bard’s political import to wartime audiences. This thesis explores the London patent stages and popular minor theatres, where programmes were restricted to song, dance, and spectacle. It also offers a case study of provincial theatre in Bristol, underscoring the significant limitations in assumptions that the metropolitan stage was representative of national trends. Archival research on the London and Bristol stages has been crucial to this study, which is based on an examination of playbills, memoranda, letters, playtexts, and prints. The newsprint and cartoons discussed offer an important political and historical framework, suggestive of the cultural expectations likely to have influenced contemporary playgoers.