Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:59:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 1887121 bytes, checksum: 87cf54641c539882362cc0f679d7c951 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Machine tools play a key role in modern industrial production; therefore the technological development of machine tool industry has grown over the past decades. High Speed Machining (HSM) is widely used for machining complex and free form surfaces with high geometrical and dimensional accuracy. The spindle is one of the main items of a machine tool. Thus, it becomes necessary to know the influence levels of the main internal sources of heat in a machine tool. These sources basically derive from: transmission of electric engines; friction in drives and gear boxes; machining process (cutting, chip, workpiece); friction in bearings and guides. The dimensional and geometric accuracy of machined parts depends mainly on the performance of the spindle. To admit the idea of a holistic model, and then propose a possible optimization for a high-accuracy machining it is necessary to study and investigate the mechanical and thermal behaviour of the spindle. For that reason, this paper presents an analysis, based on the finite element method, of the mechanical and thermal displacements, as well as a determination of the critical speed of the spindle of the machine tool at high cutting speed. / As máquinas-ferramenta desempenham um papel fundamental nas produções industriais modernas, com isso o avanço tecnológico das indústrias das máquinas-ferramenta vem crescendo ao longo das últimas décadas. A usinagem com Alta Velocidade de corte HSM é largamente utilizada para usinagem de superfícies complexas e de forma livre com alta exatidão geométrica e dimensional. O eixo-árvore é um dos principais elementos de uma máquina-ferramenta. Então, se torna necessário conhecer o grau de influências das principais fontes internas de calor numa máquina-ferramenta. Estas provêm basicamente: Das transmissões dos motores elétricos; Dos atritos nos acionamentos e caixas de engrenagens; Do processo de usinagem (ação de corte, cavacos, peça); Dos atritos nos mancais e guias. A exatidão dimensional e geométrica das peças usinadas dependem principalmente da performance do eixo-árvore. Para que seja admitida a idéia de um modelo holístico, e então, propor uma possível otimização para uma usinagem de alta exatidão é necessário o estudo e a investigação do comportamento mecânico e térmico do eixo-árvore. Por isso, neste trabalho é apresentada a análise, baseada no método dos elementos finitos dos deslocamentos mecânicos e térmicos, bem como, a determinação da velocidade crítica do eixo-árvore da máquina-ferramenta em alta velocidade de corte (HSM).

Les déplacements des barrages en béton sont influencés par de nombreux facteurs tels que lacharge hydrostatique, les effets thermiques et les effets irréversibles. Pour interpréter les mesures,séparer les différentes influences et identifier un éventuel comportement pathologique,des modèles physico-statistiques de type régression multi-linéaire sont couramment utilisés parl’ingénierie. L’estimation de la composante thermique est cependant une source d’incertitudesignificative pour ces modèles. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont alors de mettre en évidenceles mécanismes à l’origine des déplacements thermiques, de clarifier les hypothèses des modèlesactuels et de déterminer les principales sources d’incertitudes parmi les influences environnementalesafin de proposer des pistes d’amélioration de la modélisation statistique. Deux nouveauxmodèles physico-statistiques ont alors été développés pour prendre en compte l’influence de latempérature de l’eau qui s’est révélée être l’un des facteurs prépondérants d’incertitude. Dansun premier temps, uniquement la valeur moyenne a été introduite. Puis, parallèlement à desmesures in-situ, des profils réalistes sont pris en compte sur la hauteur du barrage. Ces modèlesont été testés sur un environnement virtuel (modèle aux éléments finis) puis sur un cas d’étuderéel, montrant une diminution significative de la dispersion résiduelle ainsi qu’une augmentationdu caractère prédictif. / Concrete dam displacements are influenced by various factors such as hydrostatic load, thermaleffects, and irreversible effects. In order to interpret measurements, to split apart all the differentinfluences and to identify a potential pathological behaviour, physico-statistical modelssuch as multi-linear regression are commonly employed in dam engineering. Nevertheless, thethermal component estimation is an important source of uncertainty for these models. Thus, theobjectives of this thesis are to highlight the mechanism that generate thermal displacement, toclarify model hypothesis, to determine the main sources of uncertainty from environnemental influencesso as to propose improvements of statistical modelling. Two original physico-statisticalmodels have been develloped to account for water temperature which has been identified as amain source of uncertainty. Firstly, only the mean value has been introduced. Then, in parallelto in-situ measurements, realistic temperature profils are accounted for over the dam’s height.These models have been tested both on a virtual environnement (finite element model) and ona real study case. The results show a significant reduction of the residual dispersion and anincrease of the predictive capacity of the models.