A series of composite beam models are constructed for efficient high-fidelity beam analysis based on the variational-asymptotic method (VAM). Without invoking any a priori kinematic assumptions, the original three-dimensional, geometrically nonlinear beam problem is rigorously split into a two-dimensional cross-sectional analysis and a one-dimensional global beam analysis, taking advantage of the geometric small parameter that is an inherent property of the structure. The thermal problem of composite beams is studied first. According to the quasisteady theory of thermoelasticity, two beam models are proposed: one for heat conduction analysis and the other for thermoelastic analysis. For heat conduction analysis, two different types of thermal loads are modeled: with and without prescribed temperatures over the crosssections. Then a thermoelastic beam model is constructed under the previously solved thermal field. This model is also extended for composite materials, which removed the restriction on temperature variations and added the dependence of material properties with respect to temperature based on Kovalenoko’s small-strain thermoelasticity theory. Next the VAM is applied to model the multiphysics behavior of beam structure. A multiphysics beam model is proposed to capture the piezoelectric, piezomagnetic, pyroelectric, pyromagnetic, and hygrothermal effects. For the zeroth-order approximation, the classical models are in the form of Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. In the refined theory, generalized Timoshenko models have been developed, including two transverse shear strain measures. In order to avoid ill-conditioned matrices, a scaling method for multiphysics modeling is also presented. Three-dimensional field quantities are recovered from the one-dimensional variables obtained from the global beam analysis. A number of numerical examples of different beams are given to demonstrate the application and accuracy of the present theory. Excellent agreements between the results obtained by the current models and those obtained by three-dimensional finite element analysis, analytical solutions, and those available in the literature can be observed for all the cross-sectional variables. The present beam theory has been implemented into the computer program VABS (Variational Asymptotic Beam Sectional Analysis).

O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar o desenvolvimento de modelos numéricos baseados no método dos elementos finitos, para investigar o comportamento termoelástico, de um freio a tambor utilizado em veículos pesados. O acoplamento de fenômenos físicos e mecânicos durante o processo de frenagem é uma etapa fundamental para o projeto com foco em confiabilidade. A identificação de falhas potenciais decorrentes dos diferentes processos de frenagens, ainda na fase do projeto preliminar, permite o desenvolvimento de projetos mais robustos, incluindo reduções de tempo e nos custos de ensaios experimentais. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e implementação de um modelo computacional baseado no comportamento termoelástico dos principais elementos mecânicos de um freio a tambor envolvidos no processo de frenagem. Foram consideradas três condições principais de análise: estática de corpos rígidos, estática de corpos flexíveis e dinâmica em regime permanente com corpos flexíveis. O objetivo é investigar e estimar valores de pressão de contato, cargas resultantes nos apoios, bem como obter o gradiente de temperatura e tensão devido à carga térmica em regiões de interesse. Essa análise pode melhorar o entendimento dos fenômenos envolvidos nos diferentes processos de frenagens, auxiliando as tomadas de decisões técnicas, principalmente na antecipação de falhas prematuras relacionadas com fadiga térmica e desgaste adesivo. / This work presents the development of a numerical model based on thermoelastic behavior of a drum brake applied to heavy vehicles. The coupling of physics and mechanical phenomena during the braking process represents an important phase in the design vehicle systems. The identification of potential failures during the braking processes, considering the preliminary design phase gives robustness to the design. This characteristic allows reducing the time and cost of experimental set-up. This work presents the development and preliminary results of a numerical model based on thermal-elastic behavior of an automotive drum brake. It was considered three main conditions for the analysis: rigid bodies statics, flexible bodies statics and flexible bodies steady state dynamic analysis. The main objective of this study is investigate and estimate the relationship between the design parameters, as strain, stress as well thermal loads and temperature gradient, in conditions of static and quasi-static steady state regime. The estimative of these parameters to support the technical decisions related to reliability design, mainly to anticipate failures arising to thermal fatigue and adhesive wear.

O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar o desenvolvimento de modelos numéricos baseados no método dos elementos finitos, para investigar o comportamento termoelástico, de um freio a tambor utilizado em veículos pesados. O acoplamento de fenômenos físicos e mecânicos durante o processo de frenagem é uma etapa fundamental para o projeto com foco em confiabilidade. A identificação de falhas potenciais decorrentes dos diferentes processos de frenagens, ainda na fase do projeto preliminar, permite o desenvolvimento de projetos mais robustos, incluindo reduções de tempo e nos custos de ensaios experimentais. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e implementação de um modelo computacional baseado no comportamento termoelástico dos principais elementos mecânicos de um freio a tambor envolvidos no processo de frenagem. Foram consideradas três condições principais de análise: estática de corpos rígidos, estática de corpos flexíveis e dinâmica em regime permanente com corpos flexíveis. O objetivo é investigar e estimar valores de pressão de contato, cargas resultantes nos apoios, bem como obter o gradiente de temperatura e tensão devido à carga térmica em regiões de interesse. Essa análise pode melhorar o entendimento dos fenômenos envolvidos nos diferentes processos de frenagens, auxiliando as tomadas de decisões técnicas, principalmente na antecipação de falhas prematuras relacionadas com fadiga térmica e desgaste adesivo. / This work presents the development of a numerical model based on thermoelastic behavior of a drum brake applied to heavy vehicles. The coupling of physics and mechanical phenomena during the braking process represents an important phase in the design vehicle systems. The identification of potential failures during the braking processes, considering the preliminary design phase gives robustness to the design. This characteristic allows reducing the time and cost of experimental set-up. This work presents the development and preliminary results of a numerical model based on thermal-elastic behavior of an automotive drum brake. It was considered three main conditions for the analysis: rigid bodies statics, flexible bodies statics and flexible bodies steady state dynamic analysis. The main objective of this study is investigate and estimate the relationship between the design parameters, as strain, stress as well thermal loads and temperature gradient, in conditions of static and quasi-static steady state regime. The estimative of these parameters to support the technical decisions related to reliability design, mainly to anticipate failures arising to thermal fatigue and adhesive wear.

La démarche actuelle des industries aérospatiales est de diminuer le coût de lancement des engins spatiaux par une réduction de la masse des composants. Dans l’optique de cette démarche, de nouveaux matériaux sont élaborés et permettent de satisfaire aux exigences de densification, de dissipation thermique et de réduction de masse des équipements électroniques embarqués dans les satellites. Cette thèse est une contribution à l’étude de deux de ces matériaux, l’AlSi CE9F et une nuance d’alumine cofrittée à température, destinés à réaliser des boitiers hybrides de protections de composants électroniques, initialement conçus en Kovar. Les objectifs sont d’affiner les connaissances sur propriétés mécaniques des deux matériaux et de mettre en place des règles de conceptions propres à leurs comportements mécaniques. En effet, l’AlSi CE9F et l’alumine ont un comportement à rupture fragile. La détermination de leurs résistances à la rupture est alors réalisée dans le cadre de la théorie de Weibull. Des séries d’essais de flexion quatre points et trois points sont effectués. Elles permettent d’identifier les paramètres de Weibull des deux matériaux à température ambiante et de mettre en évidence les effets de volume. L’étude expérimentale est poursuivie sur l’AlSi CE9F afin de déterminer l’influence de la température sur ses propriétés mécaniques à travers deux approches. La première s’intéresse à une variation monotone de la température et la seconde à des cycles thermiques entre -50 et 125°C. Si la première étude ne montre qu’une faible évolution du module d’élasticité, la seconde démontre que les cycles thermiques contribuent à l’amélioration de la résistance à la rupture de l’AlSi CE9F. Cette augmentation de la contrainte à la rupture se traduit également par une évolution de sa microstructure. Dans un second temps, un modèle de Weibull est numériquement mis en place à partir des paramètres identifiés et du critère de la contrainte équivalente de Freudenthal. Ce critère est analysé et validé à travers l’étude de trois éprouvettes en AlSi CE9F à chargements complexes. Le modèle validé est enfin utilisé pour décrire le comportement mécanique de deux composants dans différentes configurations de sollicitation, réalisés respectivement en alumine HTCC et en AlSi CE9F. Une méthodologie de dimensionnement est alors mise en place et permettra de disposer de nouvelles règles de conception équivalentes à celles existant sur les matériaux classiques. / The aerospace companies currently want to decrease the price of spacecraft launching with a reduction of the mass components. New materials were recently developed to satisfy the rising requirements of thermal dissipation, densification and weight decrease of on-board electronic equipment intended to satellite. This thesis is a contribution to the characterization of two of these innovative materials: AlSi CE9F and a grade of alumina HTCC. These materials are designed to manufacture hybrid boxes for computing chips, originally made in Kovar. The objectives are to improve the mechanical properties knowledge of these materials and to develop a know-how design specific to their mechanical behaviours. Indeed, AlSi CE9F and alumina have brittle fracture behaviour. The strength analysis is also realized in connection with the Weibull theory. The Weibull’s parameters are identified from the four points and three points bending strength and the volume effects are highlighted. The experimental study is completed by the analysis of the temperature influence on the mechanical properties of AlSi CE9F through two approaches. The first one considers a monotonic variation of temperature and shows a minor evolution of the elastic modulus. The second one proves that thermal cycles between -50 and 125°C improve the strength value of AlSi CE9F. This increase is also reflected by an evolution of its microstructure. Secondly, a Weibull’s model is numerically established based on identified parameters and the Freudenthal’s equivalent stress criterion. The Freudenthal’s criterion is analysed and confirmed through the study of complex loading samples made in AlSi CE9F. The confirmed model is finally used to describe the mechanical behaviours of two components respectively made in AlSi CE9F and alumina HTCC, thoroughly in several loading configurations. A design methodology is developed and will bring new rules in modelling and design, closed to those existing in conventional materials.