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This work deals with the calibration of contact and contactless thermometers. The theoretical part describes physical laws, which are important for contact and contactless measuring of temperature, requirements for thermometers, suitability of use different types of thermometers and materials used for construction of temperature sensors. The following part describes metrology with the focus on metrology system of the Czech Republic. This thesis also describes errors and uncertainties of measurments, especially on their division, sources of uncertainties and methodology of type A and type B uncertainty determination. The practical part is focused on the calibration of thermometers within the Czech Metrological Institute and the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication in Brno.