Text in Xhosa. / Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explores the cultural conflict between the Western and African cultures in two Xhosa novels. The two novels investigated in this study are Ingqumbo yeminyanya by A.C. Jordan and Ukuba ndandazile by W.K. Tamsanqa. We concentrate on the two older Xhosa novels with the aim to find out how they deal with the cultural conflict arising from western and traditional Xhosa life systems. Chapter 1 of the study presents the aims of the study. Chapter 2 presents theoretical underpinnings of literature and culture as the theoretical framework of the study. In Chapters 3 and 4, two Xhosa novels are analysed, one in each chapter. It is found that conflict in Ingqumbo yeminyanya and Ukuba ndandazile, results from western and traditional Xhosa value systems that co-exist. The characters in the novels belong to each camp and have strong views about the other's value system. The protagonists of both novels adhere to the western culture, and they live in their community with antagonists who cherish their traditional Xhosa lifestyle. The traditional people are content with their style of life, they are dissatisfied by the westernised life of their offspring who have become alien and who despise and look down upon their own Xhosa tradition and custom. A major problem in the novels is that the westernised protagonists are a few educated royal leaders who have to lead the traditional people they despise. Yet because of the majority of the traditionalists, the traditional Xhosa life exerts so much force on the lives of the few educated protagonists such that they reach tragic ends. The conclusion that can be made about the tragic end of the characters in both novels is that it results from the failure of the intolerance of the western and traditional value systems. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die kulturele konflik tussen die Westerse en Afrika-kulture in twee novelles. Die twee novelles wat ondersoek word is Ingqumbo yeminyanya van A.C. Jordan en Ukuba ndandazile van W.K. Tamsanqa. Daar word gekonsentreer op hierdie twee ouer novelles met die doelom te bepaal hoe kulturele konflik hanteer word wat veroorsaak word deur die verskille tussen westerse en tradisionele Xhosa leefwyses. Hoofstuk 1 van die studie bied die doelstellings en afbakening van die navorsingsonderwerp. Hoofstuk 2 bied die teoretiese grondslae van die interaksie tussen letterkunde en kultuurondersoek wat die teoretiese raamwerk vorm van die studie. In hoofstukke 3 en 4 word die Xhosa novelles ontleed. Daar word bevind dat konflik in Ingqumbo yeminyanya en Ukuba ndandazile veroorsaak word deur westerse en tradisionele Xhosa waardesisteme wat naas mekaar bestaan. Die karakters in die novelles verteenwoordig elk van hierdie kante, en het sterk sieninge oor die ander se waardesisteem. Die protagoniste in beide novelles volg die westerse kultuur, en hulle leef in hulle gemeenskap met antagoniste wat die tradisionele Xhosa lewenswyse volg. Dié tradisionele mense is tevrede met hulle leefwyse, en is ontevrede oor die verwesterse lewe van hulle kinders wat vervreemd geraak het, en wat neerkyk op die Xhosa tradisies en gewoontes. 'n Groot probleem in die novelles is dat die verwesterse protagoniste in paar opgevoede koninklike leiers is, wat die tradisionele mense moet lei vir wie hulle verag. Vanweë die meerderheid tradisionele mense, oefen aspekte van die tradisie te veel druk uit op die enkele opgevoede protagoniste en laasgenoemde het 'n tragiese dood. Die gevolgtrekking kan gemaak word uit die tragiese dood van die protagonis karakters in beide novelles dat dit die resultaat is van onverdraagsaamheid van westerse en tradisionele waardesisteme. / XHOSA: Olu phando lumalunga ngokungquzulana kwenkcubeko yaseNtshona neyemveli kwiinoveli ezimbini ezibhalwe ngababhali abadumileyo ekubhaleni iincwadi zamabali esiXhosa. Ezi noveli zolu phando nababhali bazo yi - Ingqumbo yeminyanya ngokubhalwa A. C. Jordan. Eyesibini ngu - Ukuba ndandazile ngokubhalwa ngokuka W. K. Tamsanqa. Olu phando luqwalasela kwezi noveli zindala ukuze lubone ukuba ziwuxukushe njani umbandela wongquzulwano Iwenkcubeko yaseNtshona neyemveli yamaXhosa. Isahluko 3 sithetha ngokuza kuqhubeka kolu phando. Isahluko 2 sidandalazisa amabakakala engcingane oluncwadi., nenkcubeko, nto leyo ebonanakalisa ubume. bolu - phando. Kwisahluko 3 kunye no 4, kuhlalutywa iinoveli ezimbini zesiXhosa. Ingqumbo yeminyanya kunye no - Ukuba ndandazile kwisahluko 4. Kuyafumaniseka ukuba ungquzulwano kwi - Ingqumbo yeminyanya no - Ukuba ndandazile Iwenziwe kukudibana kwenkcubeko yaseNtshona neyemveli. Abalinganiswa bamacala omabini baye banezinye iingqondo ezingahambelaniyo nelinye icala. Abalinganiswa abazintloko bezi noveli bakholelwe kwinkcubeko yaseNtshona, noxa bekhokela isizwe sabo sabantu benkcubeko yemveli. Noxa abantu benkcubeko yemveli babeqhubeka nenkcubeko yabo yemveli, babengayithandi inkcubeko yaseNtshona eyamkelwe ngabantwana baseNtshona, ebenza ukuba bayijongele phantsi inkcubeko yabo yemveli. Unobangela owenze ungquzulwano kukuthi bona abantu abakholelwa kwinkcubeko yaseNtshona bebancinci ngokwenani, bafune ukuqweqwedisa abantu benkcubeko yemveli abasisininzi. Ngenxa yobuninzi babantu abakholelwa kwinkcubeko yaseNtshona, nto leyo edale isiphelo esingekho sihle nokuphalala kwegazi kwezi noveli. Ukuqukumbela, isiphelo esibi sabalinganiswa senziwe kukunganyamezelani kwabanbezinkcubeko zombini.

Thesis (MA (African Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to explore conflict in the two dramas under study. Conflict is one of the cornerstones of drama and it is the most significant element of plot. An investigation is done of the two dramas under study: Inene nasi isibhozo by Mthingane (1965) and Buzani Kubawo by Tamsanqa (1958). Both dramas depict Xhosa cultural properties, and its impact on character portrayal in the dramas. The study has the following organization: Chapter 1: Purpose and aims of the study. Chapter 2: Review of literature on conflict. Chapter 3: Deals with the development of plot within episodes. A critical evaluation of the dramas is undertaken. Chapter 4: Presents culture and conflict in the dramas and an investigation of the portrayal of these aspects is undertaken. Chapter 5: Summary of the findings of the study.

Thesis (MA (African Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / This study aims at highlighting one of the crucial aspects of Xhosa drama: how women have been regarded by a variety of communities as being inferior to men. This stereotype pervades almost all spheres of life. The low status assigned to women find its way into literature as well. Ngewu’s drama “Yeha mfazi obulala indoda” and Taleni’s drama “Nyana nank’uNyoko” has been examined. In most Xhosa literature, women are portrayed as submissive, obedient and minor characters. The advent of Ngewu’s work changed this scenario by portraying women as independent characters. This has led to great conflict with male characteristics and this demonstrates clearly that partriarchal domination is deep rooted in Xhosa culture.