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No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleiton Pons Ferreira.pdf: 1630704 bytes, checksum: bb4002663294fadfaa88d95fb9a71c6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / A política educacional brasileira, a partir da promulgação da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases (LDB), lei 9.394/96,estabelece que a educação profissional não é um mero adestramento para ocupar postos de trabalho determinados. Ela deve promover a transição entre escola e o mundo do trabalho, capacitando jovens e adultos com conhecimentos e habilidades gerais específicas e produtivas, sendo essencial estimular e capacitar estas pessoas para as exigências do dia-a-dia em suas atribuições, em qualquer que seja sua atividade. Em busca desse desenvolvimento pessoal, merece destaque as contribuições da Neurociência, que traz o conceito do sujeito cerebral, possibilitando melhor compreender a anatomia, a fisiologia e o funcionamento do cérebro que aprende. Ao demonstrar que cada cérebro é único na sua singularidade dentro da diversidade de alunos em sala de aula, oportuniza um diálogo com a Educação, contribuindo com novas formas para o desenvolvimento da capacidade do pensamento do aprendiz. Assim, embasado na articulação entre Neurociências e Educação, este trabalho traz as ferramentas de Mapas Mentais e Seis Chapéus do Pensamento como possíveis colaboradores no ensino em sala de aula para a potencialização do comportamento criativo. O estudo através de método misto (qualitativo e quantitativo) envolveu coleta de dados a partir de uma experiência prática em um curso ministrado para 16 alunos do ensino técnico de nível médio e tecnológico de nível superior do Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia, Campus Rio Grande. Os instrumentos utilizados foram teste de Criatividade de Chaffee (2000), questionários, planilha de análise das produções escritas e planilha de observação do curso. Aplicando as referidas ferramentas no gerenciamento de informações e desenvolvimento de habilidades potencializadoras da criatividade, através dos resultados obtidos, a pesquisa estabelece os possíveis benefícios dos Mapas Mentais e Seis Chapéus do Pensamento para a promoção das competências necessárias dos estudantes que deixam a escola para lidar com a busca de novas ideias e soluções diante das demandas nas empresas em que executarão suas atividades profissionais e traz subsídios que permitam colaborar com novas estratégias efetivas de ensino para auxiliar os docentes em suas ações pedagógicas. / The Brazilian educational policy, since the enactment of the Law of Guidelines and Bases (LDB), Law 9.394 / 96, provides that vocational education is not a mere training to fill certain jobs. It must promote the transition between school and the world of work, enabling young people and adults with specific knowledge and general skills and productive, it is essential to encourage and empower these people to the demands of day-to-day in their tasks in whatever their activity. In pursuit of this personal development, deserves the contributions of Neuroscience, which brings the concept of the cerebral subject, enabling better understand the anatomy, physiology and brain function learning. By demonstrating that every brain is unique in its uniqueness within the diversity of students in the classroom, gives opportunity a dialogue with the Education, contributing new ways to develop the learner's thinking capacity. Thus, based on the relationship between Neuroscience and Education, this work brings to Mind Maps tools and Six Thinking Hats as possible collaborators in teaching in the classroom for the enhancement of creative behavior. The study by mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) involved data collection from a practical experience in a course given to 16 students in technical and technological level of secondary and higher education of Federal Institute of Science and Technology Education, Rio Grande Campus. The instruments used were Chaffee Creativity test (2000), questionnaires, analysis spreadsheet of written productions and travel observation sheet Applying these tools in information management and development of potentiating skills of creativity, based on the obtained results, the research establishes the possible benefits of Mind Maps and Six Thinking Hats to promote the necessary skills of students who leave school to deal with the search for new ideas and solutions in the face of demands in companies that perform their professional activities, and brings subsidies for collaborating with new effective teaching strategies to assist teachers in their educational activities.

Please read the abstract in the dissertation.pdf of this document / Dissertation (MEng (Industrial Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Industrial and Systems Engineering / MEng / unrestricted

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή επικεντρώνεται σε δύο ερευνητικά προβλήματα που αποτελούν τα αντικείμενα δύο ερευνητικών φάσεων. Στην Α΄ ερευνητική φάση, διάρκειας ενός έτους, ασχολείται με τη διερεύνηση μαθηματικών πρακτικών σε τρεις ομάδες τεχνικών του Οργανισμού Τηλεπικοινωνιών Ελλάδας αναζητώντας παράλληλα την ύπαρξη αμετάβλητων στοιχείων της μαθηματικής επιστήμης τα οποία διαπερνούν την ακαδημαϊκή και την παρούσα εργασιακή κοινότητα. Στη Β΄ ερευνητική φάση, διάρκειας οκτώ μηνών, εξετάζει κάτω και υπό ποιες προϋποθέσεις πέντε σπουδαστές ενός Τεχνολογικού Εκπαιδευτικού Ιδρύματος που πραγματοποιούν την πρακτική τους άσκηση στον ίδιο Οργανισμό είναι σε θέση να αναγνωρίσουν τα αμετάβλητα αυτά στοιχεία. Στην Α΄ ερευνητική φάση η Θεωρία Δραστηριότητας των Vygotsky, Leont’ ev και των συνεχιστών του έργου τους, Engeström & Cole, αποτελεί τη θεωρητική βάση της εργασίας. Τα ερευνητικά δεδομένα προκύπτουν από εθνογραφικής φύσης παρατηρήσεις αλλά και συζητήσεις με τους συμμετέχοντες. Η μαθηματική δραστηριότητα που αναγνωρίσαμε στο χώρο εργασίας ήταν πολύπλοκη και πλούσια αλλά πλήρως ενταγμένη στο πλαίσιο αναφοράς της. Ειδικότερα, αναγνωρίσαμε και ταξινομήσαμε τα μαθηματικά εργαλεία τα οποία διαμεσολαβούσαν στις κεντρικές καθημερινές εργασιακές δραστηριότητες των τεχνικών και αναδείξαμε τους τρόπους με τους οποίους αυτά εμπλέκονταν με τα τεχνικής φύσης εργαλεία τους. Ταυτόχρονα αναγνωρίσαμε αμετάβλητα μαθηματικά στοιχεία στις μαθηματικές έννοιες, στο τρόπο κατανόησής τους από τους τεχνικούς και σε μαθηματικές διαδικασίες που οι ίδιοι χρησιμοποιούσαν για την επίτευξη των εργασιακών τους στόχων. Στην Β΄ ερευνητική φάση τα ερευνητικά δεδομένα προέρχονται από διερευνητικής και παρεμβατικής φύσης συνεντεύξεις με τους σπουδαστές και εθνογραφικές παρατηρήσεις. Μέσα από τις διερευνητικής φύσης συνεντεύξεις καταγράψαμε τις στάσεις των σπουδαστών ως μέλη της σπουδαστικής και της συγκεκριμένης εργασιακής κοινότητας και αναζητήσαμε μαθηματικές πρακτικές που ανέπτυξαν ως μαθητευόμενοι στην παρούσα εργασιακή τους κοινότητα. Οι μαθηματικές πρακτικές που ανέπτυξαν οι σπουδαστές, έστω και ασυνείδητα, είχαν άμεση εξάρτηση από τα εργαλεία και τους εργασιακούς στόχους της κάθε κοινότητας και αφορούσαν την ικανότητα οπτικοποίησης και την ανάγνωση και ερμηνεία σύνθετων οπτικών αναπαραστάσεων. Τέλος, μέσα από μια σειρά παρεμβατικής φύσης συνεντεύξεων αναλύσαμε με εργαλεία σημειωτικής τη δραστηριότητα που ανέπτυξαν οι ίδιοι σπουδαστές στην προσπάθεια ερμηνείας αυθεντικών αναπαραστάσεων με σκοπό τη σύνδεση κοινών μαθηματικών εννοιών που συναντώνται στην ακαδημαϊκή και στην παρούσα εργασιακή κοινότητα. Οι έννοιες αυτές αφορούσαν το θεσιακό σύστημα αρίθμησης και τη συναρτησιακή σχέση αντίστασης, μήκους, διαμέτρου χάλκινων καλωδίων. Καταλήγουμε, καταγράφοντας τα χαρακτηριστικά που προάγουν και αναστέλλουν, τη μεταφορά της γνώσης στο νέο κοινωνικό-πολιτισμικό πλαίσιο. Στο τέλος της διατριβής καταγράφονται και αναλύονται οι εκπαιδευτικές προεκτάσεις της έρευνας. / This dissertation thesis focuses on two different research problems carried out in two research phases. In the first research phase, lasting one year, it focuses on the exploration –identification of mathematical practices of three different groups of technicians of the Greek Telecommunication Organization. In parallel, it investigates the existence of invaried mathematical elements that are crossing the academic and the current workplace community. In the second research face, lasting eight months, it investigates how and whether five students of a Technological Educational Institute who were doing their practicum in this setting could recognize these invariant mathematical elements. In the first research phase, the theoretical framework is guided by Vygotsky and Leont’ev work on Activity theory and their followers, Engeström & Cole. Our data are coming from ethnographic observations and discussions with the participants. The mathematical activity we identified was complex and rich but completely contextual. Especially, we recognized and categorized the mediated mathematical tools in technicians’ central workplace activities and we were showing off how these are interrelated with their physical mediated tools. At the same time we recognized invariant mathematical elements in the category of mathematical concepts, the meanings the technicians attributed to these concepts and in the category of mathematical processes they were using in order to achieve their workplace goals. In the second research phase, our data are coming from eexploratory and intervention interviews with the students and ethnographic observations. In the exploratory interviews we recorded their experiences and their attitudes as members of the academic and the workplace community and we identified mathematical practices they developed as apprentice members of this community. Τhe main mathematical practices the students developed, mainly unconsciously, were attached to the tools and the goals of the workplace community and referring to visualization and reading and interpreting complex visual representations. Finally, through the intervention interviews, we analyzed with the help of semiotic tools the activity the same students developed in order to interpret mathematical objects that are common to the academic and workplace community. The mathematical objects were referring to the place value concept and the functional relation between the resistance, the length and the diameter of the copper wires. In the conclusion, we recorded the characteristics that support and block students’ transfer of knowledge in their new socio-cultural context. In the end of the thesis we discuss and analyze the educational implications of our findings.