Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, March, 1997. / Title from PDF t.p.

Thesis (M.S. in physics)--Washington State University, December 2008. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 10, 2009). "Department of Physics and Astronomy." Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-68).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 264-278).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 1995. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-109). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 252-257). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 215). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- McMaster University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-170).absrobing boundary Also available via World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-85).

The Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method has been used extensively in electromagnetic field modeling because of its ability to robustly handle interactions of fields with complex heterogeneous structures. In particular, the total/scattered field formulation has allowed for efficient implementation of arbitrarily directed uniform plane waves, consequently facilitating efficient modeling of far-field scattering problems. The total/scattered approach is not restricted to plane waves and can be expanded to any waveforms that can be described in analytical or semi-analytical form. While existing formulations of FDTD have been immensely successful, they are not well suited to problems that involve near field scattering/interaction problems, where both the source and object are in the same domain but at a substantial distance from each other. This is due to the exceedingly high demands for computational resources that may result from the domain size, and/or dramatically different requirements for the mesh density in the source and object areas. One solution to this problem is to separate the domain into source and scatterer regions coupled by surface boundary radiation conditions. However, this method can incur large storage requirements for calculation of the radiation conditions. A specific near-field situation of interest to the utility industry is the case of workers near high voltage powerlines. In this instance, the field pattern takes on a cylindrical, transverse electromagnetic character. More general radiating sources can be accurately represented in the near-field by using spherical wave expansions, which are often used to represent antennas measured on test ranges. Successful implementation of these analytic solutions is feasible within the FDTD framework, and would allow for the illumination of the scatterer modeled at a considerably lower cost than in the standard approach. This thesis presents a method where these non-uniform, near-field, sources can be implemented implicitly as source conditions in an existing FDTD method. The specific case of powerline fields is described first, followed by the more general case of spherical waves. The analytic solution for powerline fields is implemented to show that near-field source configuration can be successfully modeled implicitly with accurate and efficient results. The method is validated by comparing with known analytic solutions, with very good accuracy being achieved. Then, a specific example of a human under a powerline close by is modeled to examine predictions made earlier under the assumption of a plane wave source condition. For a similar powerline source configuration, results of organ dosimetry predict that induced fields are from ten to sixty percent greater than predicted with the plane wave source. This same approach is applied to model a more general and difficult problem, namely spherical waves as sources in the total/scattered FDTD, called the SW-FDTD. Since transverse properties of spherical modes are known, the behavior of a mode can be represented on a one-dimensional radial grid. Thus, much like the plane wave sources in the FDTD method, the spherical wave modes are time-stepped on one-dimensional staggered electric/magnetic field source grids in the radial direction, representing mode propagation in free space. Spherical wave modes can then be interpolated and summed on the Huygens’ surface to represent the total field of the source, thus providing the coupling between the complex source and a scatterer using one-dimensional grids. It is assumed that the object of interest is beyond the reactive near-field of the source, and therefore there is no significant coupling between source and object. The SW-FDTD method is validated by comparing simulations with several analytic solutions that increase in complexity, demonstrating very good accuracy. Issues relating to the numerical implementation are discussed, including the effects of numerical dispersion, stability, and simple Mur first order boundary conditions. Incorporation of the method as a source condition in an existing FDTD program, and validation of this synthesis, show that the SW-FDTD method can implictly model sources as accurately as explicit models do. The efficiency, and the reduction of errors remain issues for further research to improve the overall utility of the SW-FDTD method. / Graduate

Dissertation submitted in compliance with the requirements for Master's Degree in Technology: Electrical Engineering (Light Current), Durban Institute of Technology, 2002. / Modern society as a whole seems destined to have an ever-increasing demand for power for both industrial and domestic use, as continued population growth means that cities, suburbs and industrial areas become larger and denser. At the same time the trend toward increased productivity in all segments of industry is influencing the development and techniques employed at locating faults in power cables and networks to ensure only limited downtime and reduced direct and indirect costs associated with the location of faults / M