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Caractérisation et modélisation de canal intra-véhiculaire: communication ultra-large bande et retournement temporel / Characterization and modeling of intra-vehicular channel: ultra-wideband communication and time reversalBellens, François 19 June 2013 (has links)
Actuellement, la majorité des équipements électroniques prenant place dans nos véhicules s'interconnectent encore par des liens câblés. Or, l'établissement d'un réseau sans fil permet de remplacer ces liens existants. Afin de permettre cette connectivité et pour répondre aux exigences futures, une solution qui accepte suffisamment de débit doit être développée. Parmi les solutions actuelles possibles, l'Ultra-Large Bande est le candidat idéal. De manière générale, cette Thèse se consacre à l'étude de la propagation à l'intérieur d'une voiture. Afin d'évaluer les performances de ce type de système à l'intérieur d'un véhicule, un modèle de canal pouvant reproduire avec fidélité la propagation intra-véhiculaire est nécessaire. De par la similarité entre les environnements, le modèle de canal proposé est basé sur la théorie des chambres réverbérantes. Compte tenu des faibles dimensions de l'environnement et de la proximité des antennes par rapport aux passagers, l'idée est de réduire l'énergie absorbée par ces derniers tout en maximisant celle-ci à la position d'un récepteur visé. Parmi les solutions possibles, le retournement temporel apparait comme une technique idéale pour répondre à ces objectifs. Cette technique permet en effet de focaliser temporellement et spatialement le signal électromagnétique au niveau du récepteur. Dans cette Thèse, une évaluation des performances du RT à l'intérieure d'une voiture est proposée. Cette étude nous a amenés à porter notre attention sur les propriétés spatiales de l'énergie totale portée par un signal utilisant le retournement temporel et, de ce fait, nous proposons un nouveau formalisme de la distribution spatiale de cette énergie. / Current vehicles still use wired links to interconnect the embedded electronic equipment. However, advances in wireless technologies permit to replace these links with wireless personal area networks. To enable this connectivity and to meet the future requirements, a solution that provides sufficient data rate must be developed. One technological candidate that can be used to meet the data rate requirements is Ultra-Wide Band. This thesis investigates the ultra-wideband propagation environment in intra-vehicular environments. In order to evaluate the performances of UWB inside a vehicle, channel models that accurately reproduce the intra-vehicular propagation characteristics are required. Because of obvious similarities, the proposed model is based on reverberation chamber theory. Given the small size of the environment and the proximity of the antennas to the passengers, one goal of intra-vehicular communications is to reduce the energy absorbed by the passengers while maximizing the energy at the position of the intended receiver. Among the possible solutions, Time Reversal appears to be the ideal technique to meet this objective. Time Reversal permits to spatially and temporally focus the electromagnetic signal at the receiver. In this thesis, a performance evaluation of Time Reversal inside a car is proposed. Moreover, a model of the spatial properties of the total energy of a signal using Time Reversal is proposed. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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[pt] RECONSTRUÇÃO DE IMAGENS DE ULTRASSOM PELO MÉTODO DE FOCALIZAÇÃO TOTAL: TÉCNICAS PARA MELHORIA DA RELAÇÃO SINAL RUÍDO / [en] ULTRASONIC IMAGING RECONSTRUCTION WITH TOTAL FOCUSING METHOD: TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING THE SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO10 December 2020 (has links)
[pt] Sinais ultrassônicos são amplamente utilizados na indústria para detecção
de defeitos e caracterização de materiais. Neste âmbito, o método de focalização
total (TFM) é comumente aplicado no pós-processamento dos dados ultrassônicos.
Estes dados são adquiridos por transdutores multielementos do tipo
phased array pela técnica de Captura de Matriz Completa (FMC). Embora a
técnica FMC-TFM seja amplamente empregada, a energia da onda transmitida
ao material é limitada pela utilização de um único elemento do transdutor, podendo
fornecer uma baixa relação sinal-ruído (SNR) na imagem reconstruída.
Para superar essa limitação e melhorar a qualidade das imagens TFM, propõese
neste trabalho o uso da técnica Fontes Virtuais combinada com dois métodos
diferentes de melhoria do SNR: Decomposição do Operador de Reversão Temporal
(DORT) e Correlação Espacial de Sub-abertura (SASACI). Neste último,
foram ainda propostas alterações para tornar a abordagem original mais robusta.
Ambas as propostas de combinação foram aplicadas e avaliadas para
melhorar as imagens de caracterização de múltiplos defeitos. Tais propostas
foram avaliadas por meio de simulações e experimentos. As simulações consideraram
um modelo de elementos finitos de um bloco de aço contendo quatro
furos simulando defeitos volumétricos no material. Vários níveis de ruído foram
adicionados aos sinais simulados para se avaliar o desempenho das combinações
propostas em um ambiente com alto nível de ruído não-correlacionado. As
combinações propostas nos dados de FMC simulados mostraram que o uso da
técnica Fontes Virtuais combinada com a técnica DORT foi capaz de aumentar
o SNR em 21.5 dB, enquanto a combinação de Fontes Virtuais com o SASACI
foi capaz de aumentar o SNR em 76.2 dB. Este último resultado está 16.3 dB
acima da soma dos ganhos individuais de cada técnica, enquanto o primeiro
está 7.4 dB acima. Isso indica um efeito sinérgico no aumento da qualidade
da imagem para ambas as combinações. Além disso, o uso das Fontes Virtuais
mostrou-se capaz de melhorar a imagem reconstruída, onde inicialmente não
é possível distinguir o ruído do sinal de interesse. A avaliação experimental foi
realizada sobre o bloco de aço de quatro furos com as mesmas propriedades
do bloco simulado. Ao contrário da simulação, os dados coletados não estão
sujeitos à altos níveis de ruído não-correlacionado. Portanto, em ambas as
combinações, o emprego da técnica Fontes Virtuais não resultaram em ganhos
significativamente superiores aos ganhos individuais de cada técnica. Os métodos
DORT e SASACI sem Fontes Virtuais aumentaram o SNR em 7.5 dB e
75.0 dB, respectivamente, enquanto que, com o seu uso, esse aumento foi de
9.2 dB e 74.1 dB. Os resultados do SASACI, quando comparados ao DORT, se
mostraram evidentemente superiores tanto na simulação quanto na avaliação
experimental. Ambos os métodos proporcionaram melhoria da qualidade de
imagens TFM e, portanto, promissores para serem aplicados em ensaios não
destrutivos. / [en] Ultrasonic signals are widely utilized in the industry for detecting defects
and material characterization. In this context, the Total Focusing Method
(TFM) is commonly applied for post-processing of ultrasonic data. Those are
acquired by phased array transducers through the Full Matrix Capture (FMC)
technique. Although the FMC-TFM technique is widely employed, the energy
of the wave transmitted to the material is limited by the utilization of a single
element of the transducer, which can provide a low Signal-Noise Ratio (SNR)
of the reconstructed image. To circumvent this limitation and enhance TFM
image quality, this work proposes the use of the Virtual Sources technique
combined with two different methods for SNR improvement: Decomposition
of the Time Reversal Operator (DORT) and Spatially Averaged Sub-Aperture
Correlation Imaging (SASACI). In the latter, we also propose modifications to
make the original approach more robust. Both combinations were implemented,
applied and evaluated for the enhancement of images for characterization of
multiple defects. These proposals were all assessed through simulations and
experiments. The simulations considered a finite element model of a steel
block containing four holes emulating volumetric defects on the material.
Several noise levels were added to the simulated signals aiming for performance
assessment in an environment with high levels of non-correlated noise. The
proposed combinations in the simulated FMC data showed that the utilization
of the Virtual Sources technique combined with DORT increased the SNR
up to 21.5 dB, while the combination of Virtual Sources with SASACI was
capable of increasing SNR up to 76.2 dB. The second combination is 16.3 dB
above the sum of the individual gains for each technique applied separately,
while the first combination is 7.4 dB above. This implies a synergistic effect in
the improvement of image quality for both proposed combinations. Moreover,
the utilization of the Virtual Sources technique was capable of enhancing
the reconstructed image, where it is not possible to initially distinguish the
noise of the signal of interest. The experimental evaluation was realized on the
four-hole steel block with the same properties of the simulated block. Unlike
the simulation, the collected data were not subjected to high levels of noncorrelated
noise. Thus, for both combinations, the utilization of the Virtual
Sources technique did not result in significantly superior gains when compared
to the individual gains obtained from each technique individually applied. The
use of DORT and SASACI without Virtual Sources caused an SNR increase of
7.5 dB and 75.0 dB, respectively, while this increase was of 9.2 dB and 74.1 dB
when the Virtual Sources was used in combination. The results obtained
from SASACI, when compared to DORT, were evidently superior for both
simulation and experimental evaluation. Both methods showed potential for
improvement of TFM image quality, and thus, are promising for application
in nondestructive evaluation.
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An investigation of parity and time-reversal symmetry breaking in tight-binding latticesScott, Derek Douglas January 2014 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / More than a decade ago, it was shown that non-Hermitian Hamiltonians with combined parity (P) and time-reversal (T ) symmetry exhibit real eigenvalues over a range of parameters. Since then, the field of PT symmetry has seen rapid progress on both the theoretical and experimental fronts. These effective Hamiltonians are excellent candidates for describing open quantum systems with balanced gain and loss. Nature seems to be replete with examples of PT -symmetric systems; in fact, recent experimental investigations have observed the effects of PT symmetry breaking in systems as diverse as coupled mechanical pendula, coupled optical waveguides, and coupled electrical circuits.
Recently, PT -symmetric Hamiltonians for tight-binding lattice models have been extensively investigated. Lattice models, in general, have been widely used in physics due to their analytical and numerical tractability. Perhaps one of the best systems for experimentally observing the effects of PT symmetry breaking in a one-dimensional lattice with tunable hopping is an array of evanescently-coupled optical waveguides. The tunneling between adjacent waveguides is tuned by adjusting the width of the barrier between them, and the imaginary part of the local refractive index provides the loss or gain in the respective waveguide. Calculating the time evolution of a wave packet on a lattice is relatively straightforward in the tight-binding model, allowing us to make predictions about the behavior of light propagating down an array of PT -symmetric waveguides.
In this thesis, I investigate the the strength of the PT -symmetric phase (the region over which the eigenvalues are purely real) in lattices with a variety of PT - symmetric potentials. In Chapter 1, I begin with a brief review of the postulates of quantum mechanics, followed by an outline of the fundamental principles of PT - symmetric systems. Chapter 2 focuses on one-dimensional uniform lattices with a pair of PT -symmetric impurities in the case of open boundary conditions. I find that the PT phase is algebraically fragile except in the case of closest impurities, where the PT phase remains nonzero. In Chapter 3, I examine the case of periodic boundary conditions in uniform lattices, finding that the PT phase is not only nonzero, but also independent of the impurity spacing on the lattice. In addition, I explore the time evolution of a single-particle wave packet initially localized at a site. I find that in the case of periodic boundary conditions, the wave packet undergoes a preferential clockwise or counterclockwise motion around the ring. This behavior is quantified by a discrete momentum operator which assumes a maximum value at the PT -symmetry- breaking threshold.
In Chapter 4, I investigate nonuniform lattices where the parity-symmetric hop- ping between neighboring sites can be tuned. I find that the PT phase remains strong in the case of closest impurities and fragile elsewhere. Chapter 5 explores the effects of the competition between localized and extended PT potentials on a lattice. I show that when the short-range impurities are maximally separated on the lattice, the PT phase is strengthened by adding short-range loss in the broad-loss region. Consequently, I predict that a broken PT symmetry can be restored by increasing the strength of the short-range impurities. Lastly, Chapter 6 summarizes my salient results and discusses areas which can be further developed in future research.
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Focalisation des ondes électromagnétiques pour la transmission d'énergie sans fil / Wireless energy transmission by focusing electromagnetic wavesIbrahim, Rony 17 November 2017 (has links)
La plupart des développements récents dans la transmission d'énergie sans fil utilisant des ondes électromagnétiques se concentre sur les systèmes de récupération de l'énergie électromagnétique par les systèmes sans fil, tels que les réseaux WiFi. Cependant, la nature intermittente et imprévisible de ces sources ambiantes rend la récupération d'énergie critique pour certaines applications. Dans ce contexte, le transfert d'énergie sans fil sur des distances considérables grâce aux micro-ondes permet le réveil à distance et l'alimentation durable des dispositifs électroniques se trouvant dans une myriade d'applications omniprésentes dans un mode de vie en évolution constante. L'alimentation d'un dispositif électronique sans fil élimine la nécessité de batterie, ce qui réduit sa taille et son coût. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse s'inscrivent dans la thématique de la Transmission d'Énergie Sans Fil (TESF) dans les milieux intérieurs. Dans les scénarios où l'énergie est transmise volontairement par des microondes, les systèmes utilisant des ondes continues ne sont pas nécessairement les plus efficaces. L'objectif est de réaliser un système complet de TESF avec la focalisation des ondes électromagnétiques (EM) sur le récepteur afin d'augmenter le rendement du transfert énergétique global. Les études présentées durant cette thèse montrent que la technique du Retournement Temporel (RT) se trouve être optimale pour la focalisation des ondes EM. Sa mise en œuvre s'effectue en deux phases. Dans une première phase dite phase d'apprentissage, une impulsion de faible énergie est transmise par une antenne à un autre endroit du milieu. L'antenne réceptrice enregistre un signal constitué d'une succession d'impulsions retardées, plus ou moins atténuées, et liées aux réflexions dans le milieu. Dans une deuxième phase, appelée phase de focalisation, un signal de haute énergie construit à partir du retournement temporel du signal enregistré est transmis par l'une des antennes. À l'aide de cette approche, il en résulte que le signal retourné temporellement se focalise spatio-temporellement sur l'antenne réceptrice sous forme d'une onde pulsée (PW). Ces propriétés sont particulièrement importantes pour la TESF. Au niveau du circuit récepteur, la rectenna (antenne-redresseur) est le dispositif permettant de capter et convertir les PW focalisées en tension continue. Dans ce projet de recherche, une nouvelle rectenna à base des diodes Schottky avec une architecture de doubleur de courant a été conçue, développée et optimisée afin de garantir les performances optimales de conversion des PW. Des mesures expérimentales réalisées démontrent un fonctionnement très performant prédit par la procédure de conception. De plus, les performances obtenues se distinguent parfaitement vis-à-vis de résultats recensés dans l'état de l'art, ce qui fait de ces travaux une innovation. / Most recent developments in Wireless Energy Transmission (WET) using electromagnetic (EM) waves focus on designing systems to recover the electromagnetic energy lost by common wireless systems such as Wi-Fi networks. However, the intermittent and unpredictable nature of these ambient sources makes harvesting energy critical for some applications. Hence, the WET over considerable distances using microwaves appears in this context allowing the remote wake-up and wireless powering of electronic devices in a myriad of applications that are a part of the constantly evolution of the way of life. Wireless powering of an electronic device eliminates the need of the battery, which reduces its size and cost. The work presented in this thesis belong to the WET in indoor environments field. When energy is voluntarily transmitted by microwaves, systems using continuous waves are not necessarily the most efficient. The aim of this research project is to achieve a complete WET system by focusing of EM waves at the receiver in order to increase the overall energy transfer efficiency. The studies presented during this thesis show that the time reversal technique (TR) is optimal for the focusing of EM waves. The procedure is carried out in two stages. In the first stage called \textit{learning stage}, a low energy pulse is transmitted by an emitting antenna. Another antenna placed in other location in the medium receives and records a signal made of a succession of delayed pulses, more or less attenuated, and related to reflections on the environment. In a second stage called \textit{focusing stage}, a high-energy signal constructed from the time reversal of the recorded signal is transmitted by one of the antennas. Using this technique, it results that the temporally inverted signal focuses spatio-temporally on the receiving antenna in the form of a Pulsed Wave (PW). These properties are particularly important for the WET. At the receiver circuit, the \textit{rectenna} (rectifying antenna) is the device for capturing and converting focused PW to DC voltage. In this research project, we introduce a novel rectenna design based on Schottky diodes with a current-doubler topology designed, developed and optimized to ensure optimum conversion performance of PW. Experimental measurements demonstrate good performance predicted by the design procedure. Moreover, the performances obtained are perfectly distinct from those found in the state of the art, making this work an innovation in WET domain.
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Contributions numériques en compatibilité électromagnétique impulsionnelle. Paradigme pour la caractérisation temporelle d'équipements / Numerical contribution in impulsive electromagnetic compatibility. Paradigm for temporal characterization of equipmentsBaba, Ibrahim El 28 March 2012 (has links)
Le travail présenté dans cette thèse concerne la mise en oeuvre numérique de techniques temporelles pour des applications en compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) impulsionnelle, essentiellement pour des études en chambre réverbérante à brassage de modes (CRBM). Prenant le contre-pied des approches fréquentielles, adaptées par nature aux études de cavités résonantes, l’idée directrice de ce mémoire a été d’étudier des moyens temporels originaux d’investigation de CRBM en vue de proposer de nouveaux paradigmes pour la caractérisation d’équipements. Originellement développé en acoustique, le processus de retournement temporel (RT) récemment appliqué aux ondes électromagnétiques permet une focalisation spatiale et temporelle de ces dernières d’autant meilleur que le milieu de propagation est réverbérant. Les chambres réverbérantes (CR) sont ainsi des endroits idéaux pour l’application du processus de RT. Après une nécessaire étude des nombreux paramètres qui gouvernent ce dernier couplée à la définition de méthodologies numériques spécifiques, les applications du RT en CRBM sont exposées. En particulier, l’intérêt d’une focalisation sélective pour des tests en susceptibilité rayonnée est démontré. L’importance des coefficients d’absorption et de diffraction des équipements en CRBM justifie leur caractérisation précise et efficace. À cette fin, la mise en oeuvre d’un calcul temporel de section efficace totale de diffraction (TSCS en anglais) est détaillée. L’application de cette nouvelle technique à différentes formes de brasseurs de modes permet au final de confronter ces résultats avec ceux obtenus à l’aide de tests normatifs CEM. / The work presented in this thesis concerns the use of time techniques for impulsive ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) applications, mainly for Modes Stirred Reverberation Chamber (MSRC) studies. Contrary to approaches from frequency domain, obviously well-fitted for studies in resonant cavities, the main idea of this thesis was to study an original time method for MSRC investigation to propose new paradigms for equipment characterization. Originally developed in acoustics, the Time Reversal (TR) process recently applied to electromagnetic waves allows focusing it both in time and space. The process quality is even higher if the propagation environment is reverberant. Thus, the Reverberation Chambers (RC) are an ideal locations for TR implementation. After a study of parameters involved in the TR process coupled with the definition of specific numerical methods, the applications of TR in MSRC are exposed. In particular, the interest of selective focusing for radiated susceptibility tests is demonstrated. The importance of absorption and diffraction coefficients for MSRC equipment justifies their accurate and efficient characterization. To this end, the implementation of a temporal calculation of the Total Scattering Cross Section (TSCS) in RC is detailed. The application of this new technique to different forms of stirrers allows finally to face these results with those obtained from standard EMC test.
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Localisation sonore par retournement temporel / Acoustic indoor localization based on time-reversalAloui, Nadia 19 December 2014 (has links)
L'objectif général de cette thèse était de proposer une solution de localisation en intérieur à la fois simple et capable de surmonter les défis de la propagation dans les environnements en intérieur. Pour ce faire, un système de localisation basé sur la méthode des signatures et adoptant le temps d'arrivée du signal de l'émetteur au récepteur comme signature, a été proposé. Le système présente deux architectures différentes, une première orientée privée utilisant la méthode d'accès multiple à répartition par code et une deuxième centralisée basée sur la méthode d'accès multiple à répartition dans le temps. Le système calcule la position de l'objet d'intérêt par la méthode de noyau. Une comparaison expérimentale entre le système à architecture orientée privée et un système de localisation sonore déjà existant et basé sur la méthode de trilatération, a permis de confirmer les résultats trouvés dans le cas de la localisation par ondes radiofréquences. Cependant, nos expérimentations étaient les premières à montrer l'effet de la réverbération sur les approches de la localisation acoustique. Dans un second lieu, un système de localisation basé sur la technique de retournement temporel, permettant une localisation simultanée de sources avec différentes précisions, a été testé par simulations en faisant varier le nombre de sources. Ce système a été ensuite validé par expérimentations. Dans la dernière partie de notre étude, nous nous sommes intéressés à la réduction de l'audibilité du signal utile à la localisation par recours à la psycho-acoustique. Un filtre défini à partir du seuil d'audition absolu a été appliqué au signal de localisation. Nos résultats ont montré une amélioration de la précision de localisation comparé au système de localisation sans modèle psycho-acoustique et ce grâce à l'utilisation d'un filtre adapté au modèle psycho-acoustique à la réception. Par ailleurs, l'écoute du signal après application du modèle psycho-acoustique a montré une réduction significative de son audibilité comparée à celle du signal original. / The objective of this PhD is to propose a location solution that should be simple and robust to multipath that characterizes the indoor environments. First, a location system that exploits the time domain of channel parameters has been proposed. The system adopts the time of arrival of the path of maximum amplitude as a signature and estimates the target position through nonparametric kernel regression. The system was evaluated in experiments for two main configurations: a privacy-oriented configuration with code-division multiple-access operation and a centralized configuration with time-division multiple-access operation. A comparison between our privacy-oriented system and another acoustic location system based on code-division multiple-access operation and lateration method confirms the results found in radiofrequency-based localization. However, our experiments are the first to demonstrate the detrimental effect that reverberation has on acoustic localization approaches. Second, a location system based on time reversal technique and able to localize simultaneously sources with different location precisions has been tested through simulations for different values of the number of sources. The system has then been validated by experiments. Finally, we have been interested in reducing the audibility of the localization signal through psycho-acoustics. A filter, set from the absolute threshold of hearing, is then applied to the signal. Our results showed an improvement in precision, when compared to the location system without psychoacoustic model, thanks to the use of matched filter at the receiver. Moreover, we have noticed a significant reduction in the audibility of the filtered signal compared to that of the original signal.
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Dynamics of isolated quantum many-body systems far from equilibriumSchmitt, Markus 11 January 2018 (has links)
No description available.
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Fission-barriers and energy spectra of odd-mass actinide nuclei in self-consistent mean-field calculations / Barrières de fission et spectres d'énergie de noyaux actinides impairs dans le cadre de calculs de champ moyen autocohérentKoh, Meng hock 29 October 2015 (has links)
Alors qu’il existe de nombreux calculs microscopiques de barrières de fission pour des noyaux composés pair-pairs, il n’y a cependant que relativement peu de tels calculs pour des noyaux de masse impaire. Ceci est dû aux complications induites par la brisure de la symétric de reversement du sens du temps au niveau du champ moyen qui est engendrée par la présence d’un nucleon non apparié. Pour éviter cette difficulté, des calculs existants pour des noyaux de masse impaire ont tout simplement négligé ces effets de brisure de la symétrie de reversement du sens du temps.Dans ce travail, on se donne pour but d’améliorer la description des barrières de fission, aussi bien que des propriétés spectroscopiques du niveau fondamental et de l’état isomérique de fission,pour quelques isotopes de masse impaire dans la région des actinides en prenant en compte de tels effets. Ceci a été réalisé dans le cadre du formalisme de Skyrme–Hartree–Fock plus BCS avec blocking en adaptant ce formalisme à la brisure de la symétrie considérée. L’interaction résiduelle d’appariement a été approchée par une force de séniorité dont les paramètres ont été ajustés pour reproduire les différences de masse pair-impair de quelques noyaux de la région des actinides.Les énergies des têtes de bande rotationnelle de basse énergie ont été calculées dans le cadre du modèle unifié de Bohr-Mottelson pour quatre noyaux bien déformés (235U, 239Pu, 237Np, 241Am)produisant un bon accord qualitatif avec les données pour les noyaux impairs en neutrons. L’accord significativement moins bon obtenu pour les noyaux impairs en protons pourrait résulter de l’usage de l’approximation de Slater pour l’interaction d’échange de Coulomb. Les énergies de déformation de deux noyaux impairs en neutrons (235U, 239Pu) ont été calculées pour quelques configurations de particule individuelle, jusqu’après la barrières de fission externe. La symétrie axiale a été imposée tandis que la brisure de la symétrie droite-gauche (ou de parité intrinsèque) a été permise dans la région de la seconde barrière. Les hauteurs des barrières de fission pour ces noyaux impairs dépendent significativement des configurations de particule individuelle. Un accord qualitatif avec les données disponibles pour les hauteurs de barrières des noyaux impairs considérés et leurs voisins pair-pairs a été généralement obtenu. / While there have been numerous microscopic calculations on fission barriers of even-even compoundnuclei, there are however, relatively few such work dedicated to odd-mass nuclei. This is dueto the complications posed by the breaking of the time-reversal symmetry at the mean-field leveldue to the presence of an unpaired nucleon. In order to circumvent this difficulty, previous fission barriercalculations of odd-mass nuclei have been performed by neglecting the effect of time-reversalsymmetry breaking. This work aims to improve on the description of fission barriers as well asthe spectroscopic properties of ground and fission-isomeric state, of some odd-mass actinide nucleiby taking the effect of time-reversal symmetry breaking into account. This has been perfomedwithin a Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-plus-BCS framework with blocking, where the BCS formalism hasbeen adapted to accomodate this symmetry breaking. The Skyrme nucleon-nucleon effective forcehas been used with various sets of parameters (SIII, SkM*, SLy5*). The residual pairing interactionhas been approximated by seniority forces whose neutron and proton parameters have beenfitted to reproduce the odd-even mass differences of some actinide nuclei. The low-lying rotationalband-head energies evaluated within the Bohr-Mottelson unified model have been determined forfour well-deformed odd-nuclei (235U, 239Pu, 237Np, 241Am) yielding a good qualitative agreementto the data for odd-neutron nuclei. The agreement was significantly less good for the odd-protonnuclei, possibly due to the use of the Slater approximation for the exchange Coulomb interaction.The deformation energies of two odd-neutron nuclei (235U and 239Pu) have been calculated forsome single-particle configurations up to a point beyond the outer fission-barrier. Axial symmetrynuclear shape has been assumed while a breaking of the left-right (or intrinsic parity) symmetryhas been allowed around the outer fission-barrier. The fission-barrier heights of such odd-neutronnuclei depend significantly on the particle configurations. A special attention has been paid tothe very important rotational correction to deformation energies. In particular, the correction ofthe moment of inertia calculated from the usual Belyaev expression was considered. Overall, aqualitative agreement with available data on fission-barrier heights for the considered odd-neutronnuclei and their even neighbours has been obtained.
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Topological order in a broken-symmetry stateMüller, Roger Alexander 05 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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