Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) was elevated in 1988 and 1989 at four locations of differing latitude in southern and northern Quebec and northeastern Ontario to determine whether latitude influences nutritional quality. Three cultivars of timothy (Salvo, Champ and Bounty) were evaluated at various growth stages. The following quality components were examined: neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), hemicellulose (HEM), crude protein (CP), and in vitro dry matter digestibility. Differences in quality among the locations were measured for the growth stages that were common to all sites. The rate of change in quality with advancing phenological development was also examined to determine differences among locations. The results indicated that there were significant differences in quality among the locations. Although quality was not consistently better for either the northern or southern locations, it showed a tendency to be superior at the southern locations. Locations with the highest dry matter yields were also observed to have inferior forage quality. The rate of change in quality at the locations was not homogeneous for the majority of the quality components. At the northern locations, the rate of change in quality was generally greater than the southern sites. The rate of change in forage quality with growing degree-days was, in general, greater at the northern locations. Furthermore, timothy at the northern locations reached the same level of a given quality component at a lower accumulation of growing degree-days than at the southern locations.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1957. / Typescript. Abstracted in Dissertation abstracts, v. 17 (1957) no. 3, p. 471-472. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-132).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Cornell University, 1909. / Reprinted from Bulletin no. 279, Cornell University Experiment Station, July, 1910. Bibliography: p. 350.

Two experiments were conducted between 1983 and 1985. In each case, timothy was established with or without barley, red clover, broadleaf weeds and grassy weeds. Four and six weeks after seeding, botanical composition, soil water-content, soil nutrient-content, light interception, and plant coverage data were obtained. The plots were then harvested once during establishment year and twice during subsequent years. At harvest, yield, botanical composition, and forage quality were obtained. Companion-cropping precluded forage cut during establishment and decreased forage yield during the first production year. Establishment with barley had little effect on forage quality but it favored the development of perennial broadleaf weeds. Inter-cropping with red clover decreased timothy yield but total forage production was increased and forage quality was improved. Red clover also reduced the development of perennial broadleaf weeds. The absence of broadleaf weed control increased productivity during establishment but timothy contribution was reduced and perennial broadleaf weeds development was accelerated. Perennial broadleaf weeds reduced yields during the first production year. Establishment without grassy weed control increased yield during establishment (but quality was lessened) and reduced it during the first production year. Establishment with grassy weeds had little effect on the weeds growing thereafter. In presence of both types of weeds, the grassy species were suppressed and the results reflected the situation observed in presence of broadleaf weeds. Finally, principal component analyses showed 12 factors that could be used to predict crop yield. The interpretation suggested that early measurements of weed density along with weed and crop coverage data would give good predictions of crop loss.

Numerous soil borne pathogens attack alfalfa roots and crowns and reduce stand longevity by predisposing plants to winter injury. Persistence can be improved by the use of cultivars with good disease resistance and by applying phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The objective of this study was to examine the productivity and quality of alfalfa cultivars differing in disease resistance, under various fertilizer regimes on three different soils. A completely cross-classified factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) was established in 1990 with three rates of P (0, 33, and 66 kg ha$ sp{-1}$), three rates of K (0, 124, and 248 kg ha$ sp{-1}$), and two cultivars ("Apica" and "Oneida VR"). Treatment combinations were established (with 10% timothy, by seed weight) on three soils with distinctive drainage characteristics (referred to as ideal, intermediate and marginal). Disease ratings, stand counts, yields and herbage mineral content were measured in each of two production years. Yields and plant populations were the lowest on the marginal soil, while disease levels were the highest. Fusarium spp. were the most common fungal isolates from diseased roots and crowns at all sites. Apica tended to persist better than Oneida VR and have lower levels of crown and root rot. Neither P nor K had an effect on yield or persistence at the Ideal site, with positive responses noted on yield at the other sites. Potassium improved persistence at the Intermediate site and had variable but positive effects on disease levels. Increased rates of K fertilizer resulted in reduced herbage Ca, Mg, crude protein (CP) and increased herbage K and Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF) levels. Regardless of management, alfalfa production on soils with inadequate drainage remains risky.

The genome constitution and phylogeny of hexaploid timothy (Phleum pratense L., 2n = 42) have been studied with C-banding and genome-specific DNA techniques. The cultivated species and two diploid wild relatives P. alpinum (2n = 14) and P. bertolonii (2n = 14) were karyotyped. In P. pratense, two sets of seven chromosomes could not be distinguished from each other either in gross morphology or in C-banding patterns and the third set was found to be differentiated from them. Two genomes, A and B, were established in this species presumably with the genome formula of AAAABB. The banded karyotype in P. alpinum was close to the A genome and that of P. bertolonii was analogous to the B genome, which suggests these wild species were the genome donors of P. pratense. To reinforce this, a molecular assay was performed with genome-specific probes. Eight clones specific to the genome of P. alpinum and thirteen specific to the genome of P. bertolonii were respectively isolated from the genomic DNA libraries of P. alpinum and P. bertolonii. Three P. alpinum-specific sequences and three P. bertolonii-specific sequences were used as probes to hybridize the DNA of P. pratense on slot blot and Southern blot. All the three P. bertolonii-specific probes and two of the three P. alpinum specific probes exhibited cross-hybridization to P. pratense DNA. This has confirmed the allopolyploid origin of hexaploid P. pratense. In addition, phenotypic variations of seed storage proteins were investigated within the cultivated P. pratense with SDS-PAGE analysis. A total of 44 protein monomers were detected in mature seed extracts from 19 cultivars of timothy. The protein banding patterns were differentiated among all the examined cultivars except for two pairs. Such differentiation makes it possible to identify the timothy cultivars.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.