Tinamous (Tinamidae) have the smallest heart in relation to body mass compared to any other flying bird today (Bishop 1997). This means that heart size is likely to restrict aerobic metabolism. Tinamous inhabit areas from sea level to 4800 m a.s.l., which means that the high altitude living species, Nothoprocta ornata (NO), is exposed to hypoxia. In this study the activity of the two metabolic enzymes Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and Citrate Synthase (CS) was measured and the ratio between the enzyme activities calculated to examine if the small heart of the tinamous affects their aerobic/anaerobic metabolism. The activity of the two enzymes was measured in the heart and the gastrocnemius muscle in the three species Nothoprocta ornata (NO), Nothoprocta perdicaria (NP) and Gallus gallus (GG). CS activity was significantly higher in the heart compared to the skeletal muscle and LDH activity was significant higher in the skeletal muscle than in the heart in all three species. The LDH/CS ratio was significantly higher in NO’s skeletal muscle than in chickens but there was no significant difference between species in the heart. The higher ratio in NO´s muscle could be a sign of a higher anaerobic metabolism that is used in the muscles to compensate for the small heart NO have. In conclusion, the Tinamous

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:08:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Reconhecimento automatico tinamidae.pdf: 1584398 bytes, checksum: 2f87f01e251266076588ff37c7d6322f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-11 / This work presents a comprehensive approach to develop a system for recognizing birds by vocalization. The approach specifically addresses the recognition of birds of the Tinamidae family proposing the analysis of data related to the frequency and song of the bird and also classifying and determining the species of bird. The study differs from related research primarily for performing the pre-processing stage automatically. This stage determines the following characteristics: the minimum, the maximum and the stronger frequencies. It s still made a segmentation of the bird singing in periods of sound and silence. The time of singing is also used as a characteristic peculiar to each species analyzed. For the automatic determination of the characteristics of the frequency and song of the bird, an analysis of the power spectral density was made for each time period specified in the frequency using the spectrogram of the song. The recognition and classification technique adopted was the nearest neighbor, using Euclidean distance normalized by the standard deviation. The accuracy of the technique used was 94.12%. / O presente trabalho apresenta uma abordagem completa para o desenvolvimento de um sistema de reconhecimento de aves através da vocalização. A abordagem trata especificamente do reconhecimento de aves da família Tinamidae, propondo analisar dados relacionados à frequência e canto da ave, classificando e determinando a espécie da ave. O estudo feito diferencia-se das pesquisas correlatas principalmente por realizar a etapa de pré-processamento de maneira automática, determinando nesta fase as características de frequência mínima, máxima e mais intensa. Ainda é feita uma segmentação do canto da ave, dividindo o mesmo em períodos de som e silêncio, sendo o tempo de canto também usado como característica peculiar de cada espécie analisada. Para a determinação das características de frequência e canto da ave de maneira automática foi feita uma análise da densidade espectral de potência para cada período de tempo especificado em relação à frequência, utilizando para isso o espectrograma do canto. A técnica de classificação e reconhecimento adotada foi a do vizinho mais próximo, aplicando a distância Euclidiana normalizada pelo desvio padrão. A acurácia da técnica utilizada foi de 94,12%.