It has been stressed within social sciences that risk management has focused too much on technical solutions and in order to decrease the risks also social factors have to be taken into account, namely the way people perceive risk. Risk perception is an important research field working on these issues. The aim of the study was in the light of the diverging views between the two paradigms to understand which of the psychometric or the cultural theory paradigm that can to a larger extent explain the flood risk perception of people living in the Tisza River basin. Furthermore the aim was to understand how the gap between experts’ and the public’s view on flood risk communication can be understood as well as how the risk communication could be improved. Data was collected through a survey and interviews. The results show that risk perception can partly be explained by either paradigm. To better understand people’s risk perception studies need to be more empirically based, not treat people’s perception as something too abstract and understand the interaction between individuals, society and the environment. The gap between the public’s and experts’ views is not as large as expected. In order to improve flood risk communication, decision makers need a better understanding of citizens’ perceptions and the motivation to include public perception in flood risk management need to be based on the view that the public could have an important input into risk management.