This study uses a multilevel model of change to assess the effects of five distinguished regulation styles in title insurance on insurance premiums. This study finds that the states promulgating title insurance premiums have higher charges than the states allowing free competition in the title insurance market. The other regulation styles do not have significantly different impacts on title insurance premiums from free competition. In addition, market characteristics such as home sales, housing price, and property value can also influence title insurance premiums. This study explains the title insurance premium variation among states. The research outcomes can also provide insights into the ongoing regulatory reform in title insurance, in particular in the states using the promulgation regulation style. / text

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Greifswald. / Bibliography, p. 5-6.

The objective of this dissertation is to evaluate how regulatory and market factors affect title insurance charges in different states. As substantial components of home purchase closing costs, title insurance charges have been controversial for decades, and both practitioners and analysts have pointed out apparent variations in title insurance charges among states. Although existing studies have suggested a set of regulatory and market factors as explanations for these among-state variations, empirical evaluations are limited. To fill in this gap, this dissertation empirically assesses whether these factors influence title insurance charges. The research outcomes of these dissertation indicate that after taking into account market factors such as services included in title insurance charges, title-related losses, property values, state populations, home sale volumes, housing prices, and income levels, regulation styles can still partially explain the title insurance charge variations in different states. In particular, states with promulgation regulation can have a higher average title insurance charge than states allowing free competition. This dissertation also tests whether regulation affects title insurance charges by influencing competition in the market and whether regulators' characteristics are related to the effect of regulation on charges. The test results imply that appointed commissioners can be associated with a higher average title insurance charge than elected commissioners. This dissertation provides insights into the title insurance regulatory reform in different states. More broadly, one methodology (multiple model for change) used in this dissertation simultaneously assesses regulation's over-time and state-by-state effects on title insurance charges, which contributes to the development of regulation evaluation methods. The outcomes of this dissertation can also provide empirical evidence to the theoretical debate of regulation versus competition. / text

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1924. / Reproduction of original from Minnesota University Law Library. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1924.

La sous-traitance est une pratique constante dans le domaine de la construction, en raison de ses atouts économiques et techniques. Par cette pratique, les sous-traitants effectuent des travaux sans être, sur le plan juridique, liés contractuellement au maître de l’ouvrage. Comment assurer le paiement de leurs créances, eu égard au risque de défaillance de l'entrepreneur. Le législateur a prévu un régime légal de protection et la pratique a élaboré des mécanismes. Le régime légal, bien qu’il assure efficacement la protection des créances des sous-traitants, comporte certaines faiblesses dans son application qui peuvent causer des inconvénients aux sous-traitants et au propriétaire. L’assurance de titres et des retenues de fonds par l’institution financière ou le notaire peuvent pallier ces difficultés pour le propriétaire. Les mécanismes de protection élaborés par la pratique, tels que le cautionnement et les garanties monétaires, accroissent la protection des sous-traitants lorsqu’ils sont utilisés parallèlement au régime légal et profitent au propriétaire. / Subcontracting is an established practice in the construction industry, because of its economic and technical strengths. Through this practice, sub-contractors perform work without being contractually bound to the client. How to ensure payment of their claims, given the risk of default by the contractor. The legislature has provided a statutory system of protection and the practice has developed mechanisms. Although the statutory scheme ensures effective protection of subcontractors’ claims, it has certain weaknesses in its application, which may cause inconveniences to the subcontractors and the owner. Title insurance and the withholding of funds by the financial institution or notary can overcome these difficulties for the owner. The protection mechanisms developed through practice, such as bond and currency guarantees, increase the protection of subcontractors when used in conjunction with the statutory scheme and benefits the owner.

La sous-traitance est une pratique constante dans le domaine de la construction, en raison de ses atouts économiques et techniques. Par cette pratique, les sous-traitants effectuent des travaux sans être, sur le plan juridique, liés contractuellement au maître de l’ouvrage. Comment assurer le paiement de leurs créances, eu égard au risque de défaillance de l'entrepreneur. Le législateur a prévu un régime légal de protection et la pratique a élaboré des mécanismes. Le régime légal, bien qu’il assure efficacement la protection des créances des sous-traitants, comporte certaines faiblesses dans son application qui peuvent causer des inconvénients aux sous-traitants et au propriétaire. L’assurance de titres et des retenues de fonds par l’institution financière ou le notaire peuvent pallier ces difficultés pour le propriétaire. Les mécanismes de protection élaborés par la pratique, tels que le cautionnement et les garanties monétaires, accroissent la protection des sous-traitants lorsqu’ils sont utilisés parallèlement au régime légal et profitent au propriétaire. / Subcontracting is an established practice in the construction industry, because of its economic and technical strengths. Through this practice, sub-contractors perform work without being contractually bound to the client. How to ensure payment of their claims, given the risk of default by the contractor. The legislature has provided a statutory system of protection and the practice has developed mechanisms. Although the statutory scheme ensures effective protection of subcontractors’ claims, it has certain weaknesses in its application, which may cause inconveniences to the subcontractors and the owner. Title insurance and the withholding of funds by the financial institution or notary can overcome these difficulties for the owner. The protection mechanisms developed through practice, such as bond and currency guarantees, increase the protection of subcontractors when used in conjunction with the statutory scheme and benefits the owner.