Les engagements étatiques relatifs au secteur du transport promouvoient lapopularisation des véhicules rechargeables conformément aux exigences actuelles qu’ellessoient environnementales, techniques ou encore économiques. Ipso facto, ces travaux dethèse, assimilés à la thématique des Smart Grids, exposent une contribution à une gestionorientée du tryptique réseaux électriques, véhicules rechargeables et secteurs résidentiels.La première étape du travail consiste en l’évaluation des impacts liés à un taux de pénétrationélevé. Les travaux se sont ensuite focalisés sur deux problèmes importants qui sont latenue du plan de tension et le vieillissement accéléré des transformateurs de distributionHTA/BT, plus particulièrement ceux alimentant des secteurs résidentiels. Partant, desstratégies de modulation de la charge des batteries embarquées sont proposées et évaluées.Dans une seconde partie, en se basant sur l’hypothèse de bidirectionnalité énergétique duvéhicule électrique hybride rechargeable (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle - PHEV), estexploré les possibilités d’effacement de pointe et de diminution des puissances souscrites ;conformément au concept Vehicle-to-Home. Les aspects économiques ne sont pas évacués ;à ce titre la minimisation de la facture énergétique d’un logement fait l’objet d’un regardparticulier sous contrainte d’une tarification variable, le V2H servant de levier. Le véhiculebidirectionnel est enfin mis à contribution via une algorithmique adaptée à des fins deréglage du plan de tension et contribue ainsi au concept Vehicle-to-Grid. / The national commitments concerning terrestrial transport are promotingrechargeable vehicles according to actual environmental, technical or economicexigencies. To this end, the contribution of this thesis, related to the Smart Grids, coverssimultaneously the fields of electric utility grids, rechargeable vehicles, and residentialareas. The first step consists in the assessment the impacts caused by a highpenetration level. The research then focuses on two major problems : the voltage plan andthe aging rate of low voltage transformer, particularly those supplying residential areas.Therefore, unidirectional Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) charging strategieshave been proposed and evaluated. In the second part, based on the bidirectional PHEV,the possibility of consumption peak shaving and decrease of subscription contracts bothunder the concept Vehicle-to-Home are explored. The economics aspects are notignored, so a particular attention is paid of energy cost minimization for a housing undervariable pricing of energy constraint. The bidirectional vehicle is finally used in an adaptedalgorithmic for voltage plan control, thus contributing to the concept Vehicle-to-Grid.

Power demands will increase day-by-day because of widely adopting of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) in the world and growing population. Finding and managing additional power resources for upcoming demands is a challenge. Renewable power is one of the alternatives. However, to manage and control renewable resources, we need suitable Energy Storage System (ESS). PEVs have a large battery pack that is used mainly to supply electric motor. Moreover, PEV battery could be used as an ESS to store power at a certain time and use it at another time. Nevertheless, it can play the same role with electric power grids, so it can store power at a time and return it at another time. This role might help the grid to meet the growing demands. In this thesis, we propose a charging and discharging coordination algorithm that effectively addresses the problem of power demand on peak time using the PEV’s batteries as a backup power storage, namely, Flexible Charging and Discharging (FCD) algorithm. The FCD algorithm aims to manage high power demands at peak times using Vehicle to Home (V2H) technologies in Smart Grid and PEV’s batteries. Intensive computer simulation is used to test FCD algorithm. The FCD algorithm shows a significant reduction in power demands and total cost, in proportion to two other algorithms, without affecting the performance of the PEV or the flexibility of PEV owner’s trip schedule.

This thesis contributes to the fields of Public Economics and Development Economics by studying human capital formation under three scenarios. Each scenario is represented in an individual paper between Chapters 2 to 4 of this thesis. Chapter 2 examines the effect of child care financing, through human capital formation, on growth and welfare. There is an extensive literature on the benefits of child care affordability on labour market participation. The overall inference that can be drawn is that the availability and affordability of appropriate child care may enhance parental time spent outside the home in furthering their economic opportunities. In another front, the endogenous growth literature exemplifies the merits of subsidizing human capital in generating growth. Again, other contributions demonstrate the negative implications of taxes on the returns from human capital on long run growth and welfare. This paper assesses the long run welfare implications of child care subsidies financed by proportional income taxes when human capital serves as the engine of growth. More specifically, using an overlapping-generations framework (OLG) with endogenous labour choice, we study the implications of a distortionary wage income tax on growth and welfare. When the revenues from proportional income taxes are channelled towards improving economic opportunities for both work and schooling investments in the form of child care subsidies, long run physical and human capital stock may increase. A higher level of growth may ensue leading to higher welfare. Chapter 3 answers the question of how child care subsidization works in the interest of skill formation, and specifically, whether child care subsidization policies can work to the effect of human capital subsidies. Ample studies have highlighted the significance of early childhood learning through child care in determining the child’s longer-term outcomes. The general conclusion has been that the quality of life for a child, higher earnings during later life, as well as the contributions the child makes to society as an adult can be traced back to exposures during the first few years of life. Early childhood education obtained through child care has been found to play a pivotal role in the human capital base amongst children that can benefit them in the long run. Based on this premise, the paper develops a simple Overlapping Generations Model (OLG) to find out the implications of early learning on future investments in human capital. It is shown that higher costs of child care will reduce skill investments of parents. Also, for some positive child care cost, higher human capital obtained through early childhood education can induce further skill investments amongst individuals with a higher willingness to substitute consumption intertemporally. Finally, intervention that can internalize the intra-generational human capital externalities arising from parental time spent outside the home - for which care/early learning is required to be purchased for the child - can unambiguously lead to higher skill investments by all individuals. Chapter 3 therefore proposes policy intervention, such as child care subsidization, as the effect of such will be akin to a human capital subsidy. The objective of Chapter 4 is to understand the implications of inter-regional mobility on higher educational investments of individuals and to study in detail the impact of mobility on government spending for education under two particular scenarios – one in which human capital externalities are non-localized and spill over to other regions (e.g. in the form of R&D), and another in which the externalities are localized and remain within the region. It is shown that mobility enhances private investments in education, and all else equal, welfare should be higher with increased migration. The impacts on government educational expenditures are studied and some policy implications are drawn. In general, with non-localized externalities, all public expenditures decline under full-migration. Finally under localized externalities, the paper finds that governments will increase their financing of education to increasingly mobile individuals only when agglomeration benefits outweigh congestion costs from increases in regional population.

This thesis contributes to the fields of Public Economics and Development Economics by studying human capital formation under three scenarios. Each scenario is represented in an individual paper between Chapters 2 to 4 of this thesis. Chapter 2 examines the effect of child care financing, through human capital formation, on growth and welfare. There is an extensive literature on the benefits of child care affordability on labour market participation. The overall inference that can be drawn is that the availability and affordability of appropriate child care may enhance parental time spent outside the home in furthering their economic opportunities. In another front, the endogenous growth literature exemplifies the merits of subsidizing human capital in generating growth. Again, other contributions demonstrate the negative implications of taxes on the returns from human capital on long run growth and welfare. This paper assesses the long run welfare implications of child care subsidies financed by proportional income taxes when human capital serves as the engine of growth. More specifically, using an overlapping-generations framework (OLG) with endogenous labour choice, we study the implications of a distortionary wage income tax on growth and welfare. When the revenues from proportional income taxes are channelled towards improving economic opportunities for both work and schooling investments in the form of child care subsidies, long run physical and human capital stock may increase. A higher level of growth may ensue leading to higher welfare. Chapter 3 answers the question of how child care subsidization works in the interest of skill formation, and specifically, whether child care subsidization policies can work to the effect of human capital subsidies. Ample studies have highlighted the significance of early childhood learning through child care in determining the child’s longer-term outcomes. The general conclusion has been that the quality of life for a child, higher earnings during later life, as well as the contributions the child makes to society as an adult can be traced back to exposures during the first few years of life. Early childhood education obtained through child care has been found to play a pivotal role in the human capital base amongst children that can benefit them in the long run. Based on this premise, the paper develops a simple Overlapping Generations Model (OLG) to find out the implications of early learning on future investments in human capital. It is shown that higher costs of child care will reduce skill investments of parents. Also, for some positive child care cost, higher human capital obtained through early childhood education can induce further skill investments amongst individuals with a higher willingness to substitute consumption intertemporally. Finally, intervention that can internalize the intra-generational human capital externalities arising from parental time spent outside the home - for which care/early learning is required to be purchased for the child - can unambiguously lead to higher skill investments by all individuals. Chapter 3 therefore proposes policy intervention, such as child care subsidization, as the effect of such will be akin to a human capital subsidy. The objective of Chapter 4 is to understand the implications of inter-regional mobility on higher educational investments of individuals and to study in detail the impact of mobility on government spending for education under two particular scenarios – one in which human capital externalities are non-localized and spill over to other regions (e.g. in the form of R&D), and another in which the externalities are localized and remain within the region. It is shown that mobility enhances private investments in education, and all else equal, welfare should be higher with increased migration. The impacts on government educational expenditures are studied and some policy implications are drawn. In general, with non-localized externalities, all public expenditures decline under full-migration. Finally under localized externalities, the paper finds that governments will increase their financing of education to increasingly mobile individuals only when agglomeration benefits outweigh congestion costs from increases in regional population.

Les engagements étatiques relatifs au secteur du transport promouvoient la popularisation des véhicules rechargeables conformément aux exigences actuelles qu'elles soient environnementales, techniques ou encore économiques. Ipso facto, ces travaux de thèse, assimilés à la thématique des Smart Grids, exposent une contribution à une gestion orientée du tryptique réseaux électriques, véhicules rechargeables et secteurs résidentiels. La première étape du travail consiste en l'évaluation des impacts liés à un taux de pénétration élevé. Les travaux se sont ensuite focalisés sur deux problèmes importants qui sont la tenue du plan de tension et le vieillissement accéléré des transformateurs de distribution HTA/BT, plus particulièrement ceux alimentant des secteurs résidentiels. Partant, des stratégies de modulation de la charge des batteries embarquées sont proposées et évaluées. Dans une seconde partie, en se basant sur l'hypothèse de bidirectionnalité énergétique du véhicule électrique hybride rechargeable (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle - PHEV), est exploré les possibilités d'effacement de pointe et de diminution des puissances souscrites ; conformément au concept Vehicle-to-Home. Les aspects économiques ne sont pas évacués ; à ce titre la minimisation de la facture énergétique d'un logement fait l'objet d'un regard particulier sous contrainte d'une tarification variable, le V2H servant de levier. Le véhicule bidirectionnel est enfin mis à contribution via une algorithmique adaptée à des fins de réglage du plan de tension et contribue ainsi au concept Vehicle-to-Grid.

This thesis contributes to the fields of Public Economics and Development Economics by studying human capital formation under three scenarios. Each scenario is represented in an individual paper between Chapters 2 to 4 of this thesis. Chapter 2 examines the effect of child care financing, through human capital formation, on growth and welfare. There is an extensive literature on the benefits of child care affordability on labour market participation. The overall inference that can be drawn is that the availability and affordability of appropriate child care may enhance parental time spent outside the home in furthering their economic opportunities. In another front, the endogenous growth literature exemplifies the merits of subsidizing human capital in generating growth. Again, other contributions demonstrate the negative implications of taxes on the returns from human capital on long run growth and welfare. This paper assesses the long run welfare implications of child care subsidies financed by proportional income taxes when human capital serves as the engine of growth. More specifically, using an overlapping-generations framework (OLG) with endogenous labour choice, we study the implications of a distortionary wage income tax on growth and welfare. When the revenues from proportional income taxes are channelled towards improving economic opportunities for both work and schooling investments in the form of child care subsidies, long run physical and human capital stock may increase. A higher level of growth may ensue leading to higher welfare. Chapter 3 answers the question of how child care subsidization works in the interest of skill formation, and specifically, whether child care subsidization policies can work to the effect of human capital subsidies. Ample studies have highlighted the significance of early childhood learning through child care in determining the child’s longer-term outcomes. The general conclusion has been that the quality of life for a child, higher earnings during later life, as well as the contributions the child makes to society as an adult can be traced back to exposures during the first few years of life. Early childhood education obtained through child care has been found to play a pivotal role in the human capital base amongst children that can benefit them in the long run. Based on this premise, the paper develops a simple Overlapping Generations Model (OLG) to find out the implications of early learning on future investments in human capital. It is shown that higher costs of child care will reduce skill investments of parents. Also, for some positive child care cost, higher human capital obtained through early childhood education can induce further skill investments amongst individuals with a higher willingness to substitute consumption intertemporally. Finally, intervention that can internalize the intra-generational human capital externalities arising from parental time spent outside the home - for which care/early learning is required to be purchased for the child - can unambiguously lead to higher skill investments by all individuals. Chapter 3 therefore proposes policy intervention, such as child care subsidization, as the effect of such will be akin to a human capital subsidy. The objective of Chapter 4 is to understand the implications of inter-regional mobility on higher educational investments of individuals and to study in detail the impact of mobility on government spending for education under two particular scenarios – one in which human capital externalities are non-localized and spill over to other regions (e.g. in the form of R&D), and another in which the externalities are localized and remain within the region. It is shown that mobility enhances private investments in education, and all else equal, welfare should be higher with increased migration. The impacts on government educational expenditures are studied and some policy implications are drawn. In general, with non-localized externalities, all public expenditures decline under full-migration. Finally under localized externalities, the paper finds that governments will increase their financing of education to increasingly mobile individuals only when agglomeration benefits outweigh congestion costs from increases in regional population.

This thesis contributes to the fields of Public Economics and Development Economics by studying human capital formation under three scenarios. Each scenario is represented in an individual paper between Chapters 2 to 4 of this thesis. Chapter 2 examines the effect of child care financing, through human capital formation, on growth and welfare. There is an extensive literature on the benefits of child care affordability on labour market participation. The overall inference that can be drawn is that the availability and affordability of appropriate child care may enhance parental time spent outside the home in furthering their economic opportunities. In another front, the endogenous growth literature exemplifies the merits of subsidizing human capital in generating growth. Again, other contributions demonstrate the negative implications of taxes on the returns from human capital on long run growth and welfare. This paper assesses the long run welfare implications of child care subsidies financed by proportional income taxes when human capital serves as the engine of growth. More specifically, using an overlapping-generations framework (OLG) with endogenous labour choice, we study the implications of a distortionary wage income tax on growth and welfare. When the revenues from proportional income taxes are channelled towards improving economic opportunities for both work and schooling investments in the form of child care subsidies, long run physical and human capital stock may increase. A higher level of growth may ensue leading to higher welfare. Chapter 3 answers the question of how child care subsidization works in the interest of skill formation, and specifically, whether child care subsidization policies can work to the effect of human capital subsidies. Ample studies have highlighted the significance of early childhood learning through child care in determining the child’s longer-term outcomes. The general conclusion has been that the quality of life for a child, higher earnings during later life, as well as the contributions the child makes to society as an adult can be traced back to exposures during the first few years of life. Early childhood education obtained through child care has been found to play a pivotal role in the human capital base amongst children that can benefit them in the long run. Based on this premise, the paper develops a simple Overlapping Generations Model (OLG) to find out the implications of early learning on future investments in human capital. It is shown that higher costs of child care will reduce skill investments of parents. Also, for some positive child care cost, higher human capital obtained through early childhood education can induce further skill investments amongst individuals with a higher willingness to substitute consumption intertemporally. Finally, intervention that can internalize the intra-generational human capital externalities arising from parental time spent outside the home - for which care/early learning is required to be purchased for the child - can unambiguously lead to higher skill investments by all individuals. Chapter 3 therefore proposes policy intervention, such as child care subsidization, as the effect of such will be akin to a human capital subsidy. The objective of Chapter 4 is to understand the implications of inter-regional mobility on higher educational investments of individuals and to study in detail the impact of mobility on government spending for education under two particular scenarios – one in which human capital externalities are non-localized and spill over to other regions (e.g. in the form of R&D), and another in which the externalities are localized and remain within the region. It is shown that mobility enhances private investments in education, and all else equal, welfare should be higher with increased migration. The impacts on government educational expenditures are studied and some policy implications are drawn. In general, with non-localized externalities, all public expenditures decline under full-migration. Finally under localized externalities, the paper finds that governments will increase their financing of education to increasingly mobile individuals only when agglomeration benefits outweigh congestion costs from increases in regional population.

No description available.

Current models of hospital-to-home transitions for older adults do not typically include a rehabilitation perspective, which led to the endeavor of this thesis. Chapter 2 (Paper 1) is a scoping review that summarized current literature related to slow-stream rehabilitation (SSR) for older adults. Chapter 3 (Paper 2) was a descriptive prospective cohort study that examined frequency, intensity, type and time (FITT) parameters for cardiovascular and resistance exercises completed by older adult participants in a community-based, SSR, hospital-to-home transition program; and to compare FITT parameters of completed exercises to established guidelines. Chapter 4 (Paper 3) was a qualitative study that examined perspectives of those working in or referring to the community-based, SSR, hospital-to-home transition program to identify factors that act as barriers or facilitators to successful implementation and function of an enhanced, community-based, SSR, hospital-to-home transition program. The scoping review found that SSR programs in single payer healthcare systems improved physical and functional outcomes, decreased hospital readmission and institutionalization for older adults with complex healthcare needs. SSR programs were multidisciplinary, ranged in program and session length, and only took place in institutional settings. The prospective cohort study found that older adults with complex healthcare needs participating in a community-based, SSR, hospital-to-home transition program were able to meet many of the cardiovascular and resistance frequency, intensity, and time (FIT) guideline parameters for community-dwelling older adults. Exercise interventions should be tailored to older adult needs and preferences, at the appropriate FIT to allow for functional gains. The qualitative study found the current program’s services e.g., rehabilitation, education, and nursing care were of benefit. Most of the stated barriers were at a macro or meso level and were out of the study participants’ control, while all the facilitators were at a micro level. Community-based, SSR, hospital-to-home transition programs can serve as a holistic model of care that address identified gaps in the literature. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Hospital-to-home transition care models do not often include a rehabilitation ‘lens’ which led to this thesis. Chapter 2 was a scoping review of slow-stream rehabilitation (SSR) for older adults; Chapter 3 looked at exercises older adults completed during an SSR hospital-to-home program; and, Chapter 4 studied facilitators and barriers to enhancing a current community-based, SSR, hospital-to-home program. These studies found: 1) SSR programs in healthcare systems like Canada were geared towards older adults with many health problems, only took place in hospital or long-term care settings, and were of benefit; 2) Older adults participating in a SSR hospital-to-home program should exercise at the appropriate intensity, time and frequency to see gains in function; 3) The current program’s services e.g., rehabilitation, education, and nursing care were beneficial, but barriers to enhancing the program were out of the participants’ control. Community-based, SSR, hospital-to-home transition models of care that include rehabilitation are very important for older adults.

No description available.