Spelling suggestions: "subject:"tobacco ese"" "subject:"tobacco tese""
21 |
Measurement and description of cigarette smoking and weight reducing behaviors in female adolescents.Benedict, Jamie Ann January 1990 (has links)
Ethnographic interviews with female adolescents were used to develop summated-rating scales to measure cigarette smoking and weight-reducing behaviors. The Cigarette Smoking Scale is based on the frequency that one smokes cigarettes rather than the number of cigarettes smoked, and includes items related to the subjective and addictive effects of nicotine, social cues for cigarette smoking, and situational opportunities to smoke. The Dieting Patterns Scales measure the frequency of employing three different types of weight-reducing strategies; exercise and a "healthy" diet, skipping meals and fasting, and the use of diet pills and diet drinks. The scales were found to be: (a) sensitive to group differences, indicating construct validity, (b) stable, and (c) internally consistent. The Cigarette Smoking Scale and Dieting Patterns Scales were used to examine the relationships among cigarette smoking, weight-reducing behaviors, dietary intake, maturation, and body composition of 129 eighth-, tenth-, and twelfth-grade girls. Two-thirds of girls included in this study reported dieting to lose weight within the past year. This behavior was associated with a lower energy intake, a higher body mass index, and lower socio-economic status. Both dieting and frequency of employing different types of weight-reducing strategies were consistent across school grades. The importance of measuring both the frequency and type of weight-reducing strategy was indicated by the distinct relationships noted among the Dieting Patterns Scales, dietary intake, and body mass index. The use of diet pills and diet drinks was associated with significantly lower energy, macronutrient, calcium, iron and riboflavin intake. Skipping meals and fasting was unrelated to energy intake but positively related to vitamin C and folacin intake. Lastly, exercise and "healthy" diet behaviors were related to a higher intake of dietary fat. Cigarette smoking was unrelated to weight-reducing behaviors and dieters were not more likely to smoke than non-dieters. However, smokers were thinner. Teens' knowledge and/or beliefs regarding the effects of smoking on body weight may help define the relationship between smoking and dieting.
|
22 |
Are Patterns of Smoking Cessation and Related Behaviours Associated with Socioeconomic Status? An Analysis of Data from the International Tobacco Control Four Country SurveyReid, Jessica January 2008 (has links)
Considerable socioeconomic disparities have been identified for smoking and cessation: lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups have higher rates of tobacco use, are less likely to successfully quit, and may also be less likely to intend or attempt to quit. However, results are inconsistent for some quitting-related outcomes, and little is known about how socioeconomic disparities may vary across countries and over time.
This study examined the extent to which SES was associated with smoking cessation and related constructs among representative samples of smokers in Canada, the US, the UK, and Australia, using data from the first five waves (2002-2006) of the ITC Four Country Survey (35 532 observations from 16 458 respondents). Generalized estimating equations modeling was used to examine whether education and income were related to intentions to quit (any, and within the next six months), incidence of quit attempts, smoking abstinence (for at least one, six and 12 months), and reduction in daily cigarette consumption by at least half. Potential differences in the associations over time and across countries were also considered. In addition, logistic regression modeling examined associations between education and income, reasons for quitting, and use of cessation assistance, using a cross-sectional sample of the most recent survey wave.
Respondents with higher education were more likely to intend to quit, have made a quit attempt, and be abstinent for at least one and six months, and those with higher income were more likely to intend to quit and be abstinent for at least one month. Associations were stable throughout the time period under study. Country differences were observed in quit intentions: UK and US respondents were less likely to intend to quit than Australians and Canadians. Also, UK respondents were least likely to attempt to quit overall, but those that did attempt were more likely to be abstinent for at least one and six months. Socioeconomic and between-country differences were also identified in the cross-sectional analyses of use and access to cessation assistance and reasons for quitting. The results suggest that socioeconomic disparities exist at multiple stages in the path to smoking cessation.
|
23 |
Are Patterns of Smoking Cessation and Related Behaviours Associated with Socioeconomic Status? An Analysis of Data from the International Tobacco Control Four Country SurveyReid, Jessica January 2008 (has links)
Considerable socioeconomic disparities have been identified for smoking and cessation: lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups have higher rates of tobacco use, are less likely to successfully quit, and may also be less likely to intend or attempt to quit. However, results are inconsistent for some quitting-related outcomes, and little is known about how socioeconomic disparities may vary across countries and over time.
This study examined the extent to which SES was associated with smoking cessation and related constructs among representative samples of smokers in Canada, the US, the UK, and Australia, using data from the first five waves (2002-2006) of the ITC Four Country Survey (35 532 observations from 16 458 respondents). Generalized estimating equations modeling was used to examine whether education and income were related to intentions to quit (any, and within the next six months), incidence of quit attempts, smoking abstinence (for at least one, six and 12 months), and reduction in daily cigarette consumption by at least half. Potential differences in the associations over time and across countries were also considered. In addition, logistic regression modeling examined associations between education and income, reasons for quitting, and use of cessation assistance, using a cross-sectional sample of the most recent survey wave.
Respondents with higher education were more likely to intend to quit, have made a quit attempt, and be abstinent for at least one and six months, and those with higher income were more likely to intend to quit and be abstinent for at least one month. Associations were stable throughout the time period under study. Country differences were observed in quit intentions: UK and US respondents were less likely to intend to quit than Australians and Canadians. Also, UK respondents were least likely to attempt to quit overall, but those that did attempt were more likely to be abstinent for at least one and six months. Socioeconomic and between-country differences were also identified in the cross-sectional analyses of use and access to cessation assistance and reasons for quitting. The results suggest that socioeconomic disparities exist at multiple stages in the path to smoking cessation.
|
24 |
A study on smoking and erectile functionYuen, Ming-kee., 袁明基. January 2005 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing in Advanced Practice
|
25 |
Peer influences on adolescent tobacco smoking (literature review)Wong, Pui-shan, 黃珮珊 January 2011 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health
|
26 |
The impact of smoking in Chinese older persons in Hong Kong: a life table analysisCheung, Wai-ling., 張惠棱. January 2012 (has links)
Background
Smoking is a well known risk factor for increased mortality. Although some smokers
may survive to older ages, they often suffer from poor health and impaired quality of
life (QoL) because of chronic diseases. The construct of health-adjusted life
expectancy (HALE) combines mortality and the subjective perception of health-related
quality of life (HRQoL) into a single index. The impact of smoking on HALE might
be useful information for encouraging smokers to quit or young people not to start
smoking. However, scarce information is available, particularly from Chinese
populations, on how smoking affects HALE.
Aims
The study aimed to determine the impact of smoking on HALE among Chinese people
aged 65 years or over in Hong Kong who had enrolled in an Elderly Health Centre
(EHC).
Methods
Data on a cohort of 66,820 people enrolled in EHCs of the Department of Health during
1998 to 2001, were used. These were supplemented by a follow-up telephone survey
of a stratified (for smoking status) sample of 2,441 from the whole EHC database,
which included more recent enrollees. Two measures of HALE were used: (1) based
on a simple measure of perceived health and (2) based on quality-adjusted life years
(QALYs) estimated. The first measure had been included in the EHC database but
current information was obtained by telephone for each year of follow-up. The second
measure was only available from the survey. Multi-state life tables and Sullivan?s
method were employed to investigate HALEs among current, ex and never smokers.
The yearly transition rates between health statuses were calculated using the existing
data on self-assessed health and supplemented by the survey data. Utility scores for
calculation of QALYs used a local estimation equation for the SF-12.
Results
Men at age 65 who had never smoked could expect to live a further 20 years and
women a further 22 years. This was around 3-5 years more than for current or
ex-smokers. Both male and female never smokers at age 65 could expect to be in a
good QoL for 16 of those future years. Those still smoking at age 65 could expect 3-4
fewer years in a good QoL. People who had quit smoking before age 65 gained about
one more year in good health compared with continuing smokers.
Conclusions
It has already been estimated that smokers of all ages lose up to about 10 years of life
due to smoking. However, the longer they survive, the lower the difference in
mortality between ever smoker and never smokers. This study shows that, for those
who were still alive at age 65 years in this cohort, smoking was still detrimental to their
survival and to their QoL, especially if they were still smoking at that age. Results for
males and females were similar. Therefore, even if a smoker does not die prematurely,
their HRQoL is still affected and a never smoker will have not only longer life but more
life years in good health than an ever smoker. Stopping smoking at an earlier age
might gain back some HRQoL. / published_or_final_version / Community Medicine / Master / Master of Philosophy
|
27 |
Psychosocial factors associated with smoking behaviour among young Asian women李月娥, Li, Yuet-ngor, Cecilia. January 1993 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Community Medicine / Master / Master of Philosophy
|
28 |
Custer's last drag an examination of tobacco use among the seventh cavalry during the nineteenth century /Vihlene, Shannon Marjorie. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--University of Montana, 2008. / Title from title screen. Description based on contents viewed Aug. 28, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-93).
|
29 |
Smoke and mirrors a cultural-psychological analysis of tobacco use /Melczak, Michael. January 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Duquesne University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-90).
|
30 |
Female youths' perceptions of smoking in popular filmsJette, Shannon. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--University of British Columbia, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-115). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.
|
Page generated in 0.0479 seconds