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Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-115). Also available via the Internet.

The practice of making international dedications (of days, weeks or years) proliferated in the second half of the twentieth century with the rise of international institutions like the United Nations. The practice contrasts alternative dealings with time i.e. sacred time or dedication as commemoration. International dedications celebrate a concept of social or environmental importance, with a particular emphasis on awareness raising and inculcating change on a practical level. 1995 was the ‘United Nations International Year for Tolerance’. To the study of tolerance, the ‘Year’ marks the apex of tolerance as an object of modern international concern. This thesis is divided into two halves. The former undertakes a close analysis of the build-up to the UN ‘Year of Tolerance’ (Chapter One), the ‘Year’ itself and the subsequent follow-up (Chapter Two). It likewise provides a more general account of the rise and practice of international dedication making. The second half of this thesis addresses the broader theoretical debate on tolerance, 1945-2010. This thesis understands the UN ‘Year of Tolerance’ as a particular institutionalised expression of a specific theoretical mode of tolerance, taken from the theoretical debate on tolerance, and masked by the veneer of cultural universality. It uses 1995 as an artificial marker to gauge continuity and change in the debate on tolerance and to demarcate between Chapter Three-Chapter Four (pre-1995) and Chapter Five-Chapter Six (post-1995). The conclusion summarises the principal points of continuity and discontinuity and finally contextualises the UN ‘Year of Tolerance’ in the theoretical debate on tolerance i.e. as the institutional embodiment of a particular liberal-‘political’ mode of tolerance and an international attempt at final foreclosure of the controversy around tolerance. In seeking to critically account for the UN ‘Year of Tolerance’, and likewise to provide a general overview of continuity and change in the modern theoretical debate of tolerance, this thesis seeks to redress ‘a gap’ in current academic research.

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, June, 2001. / Title from PDF t.p.

Recent reports of damage to maize seedlings where atrazine or atrazine/terbuthylazine was applied post-emergence again raised the issue of maize tolerance to triazines. The potential of atrazine or atrazine/terbuthylazine to injure maize when applied post¬emergence was investigated under controlled conditions. Factors considered were growth stage, surfactants, cultivar tolerance, temperature and crop recovery from herbicide injury. The first experiment was conducted to determine the effect of atrazine and terbuthylazine on maize seedlings, and the second one was carried out to identify whether stage of maize development has an influence on atrazine or terbuthylazine phytotoxicity. In Experiment 1, herbicide treatments were applied at the 2-leaf stage of cultivar PAN 6043, and in Experiment 2 at the 2-leaf and 4-leaf stages. The third experiment was carried out to determine cultivar tolerance to atrazine or atrazine/terbuthylazine. The three cultivars used were CG 4526, PAN 6043 and PAN 6140. The fourth and fifth experiments were carried out in growth chambers where the role of temperature and cultivars were investigated. The temperature levels were 20/15 and 30/25°C (day/night). Herbicide and temperature treatments were applied at the 2-leaf stage of cultivars CG 4526, CAN 3891, PAN 6043 and PAN 6140. Finally, an experiment was conducted to investigate the recovery of maize seedlings from the initial atrazine/terbuthylazine phytotoxicity. The cultivar PAN 6043 was used and the herbicide rates were the recommended and double the recommended rate. The rates of the herbicides and associated activity enhancers were 2.5 L ha-1and 1 L ha-1 respectively. The following products were used: Atrazine 500 SC (485 g L-1 atrazine) + BP Agripon (940 g L-1 mineral oil); Gesaprim Super 600 SC (291 g L-1 atrazine and 291 g L-1 terbuthylazine) + AG Penetrex (363 g L-1); Gesaprim Super 600 SC (291 g L-1 atrazine and 291 g L-1 terbuthylazine) + Complement (363 g L-1). Maize seedlings were tolerant when atrazine or atrazine/terbuthylazine was applied at the 4-leaf stage, but significant damage was caused when application was done at the 2-leaf stage. No significant differences were found between surfactants. Significant differences occurred with cultivars at specific temperatures. At the low temperature regime (20/15°C), CG 4526 showed shoot dry mass (SDM) reduction of > 40 %, while the growth of PAN 6140 was reduced by less than 10 % by both herbicides. However, with an increase in temperature, CG 4526 was the most tolerant. It showed <17 % reduction in SDM while others showed >30 % reduction. It is suggested that the tolerance of maize (specifically at the two-leaf stage) to atrazine or atrazine/terbuthy1azine is dependent on cultivar and temperature. Although initial phytotoxic symptoms were visible several weeks after spraying, the growth inhibition of the atrazine/terbuthylazine-treated maize plants was transient. At five weeks after application, leaf area index (LAI) had recovered 100% and 95% at the recommended and double the recommended rate, respectively. Recovery in SDM and root dry mass (RDM) were similar, with 100% recovery reached after eight weeks following application. It was found that although growth stage plays an important role in the tolerance of maize seedlings when atrazine or atrazine/terbuthylazine is applied post-emergence, surfactants, cultivars, and temperature also have an influence on the tolerance of maize seedlings towards these herbicides. / Dissertation (M Inst Agrar (Weed Science))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Plant Production and Soil Science / unrestricted

Memory T cells represent a specific subpopulation of cells formed during the first encounter with antigen. The main role of these cells is to elicit faster and more effective secondary response during reinfections. In transplant immunity, they may affect graft survival directly with donor-specific memory T cells or with cross-reactive virus-specific memory T cells. In this study, we focused on donor-specific and CMV-specific memory/effector T cells. We were interested in the effect of immunosuppressive therapy on the frequency of these cells in periphery. We found that the immunosuppression, prophylaxis and length of dialysis did not significantly affect the number of CMV-reactive cells 6 months after transplantation. We were also interested in the cross-reactivity between CMV and donor antigens, so-called heterologous immunity, which we verified by analyzing the TCR-β repertoire using next- generation sequencing (NGS) in CMV and donor-reactive T cells. Functional cross-reactive T cell clones (shared the same TCR-β sequence) were then found both in the peripheral blood of pre-transplant patients and in the post-transplant graft biopsy. We were also interested if long-term dialysis treatment affects immune memory. Dialysis therapy is often associated with the presence of poorly defined immune system...

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