Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-05-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:21:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 coldebella_cr_dr_arafo.pdf: 1165027 bytes, checksum: 68372d3e55cbf9fcc5b26e1b2514cf7c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Proposição: O objetivo deste trabalho, dividido em três estudos, foi investigar o efeito após a aplicação de ondas de ultrassom sobre cimentos de ionômero de vidro (CIV) (1) a dureza da dentina subjacente, hígida e afetada por cárie; (2) a resistência de união à dentina hígida e afetada por cárie (3) e à rugosidade do material após ensaio de escovação. Materiais e métodos: Nos três estudos foram utilizados os CIV Vitremer (VT) e Ketac Molar Easymix (KM). Para o estudo 1 foram realizados preparos cavitários (3 mm de largura, 5 mm de comprimento e 2 mm de profundidade) na face vestibular de 80 incisivos bovinos. Foi realizada a indução de lesão de cárie artificial pelo método microbiológico (n=40). Os dentes foram distribuídos em 8 grupos (n=10), segundo o substrato (hígido ou afetado por cárie), material utilizado (VT ou KM) e o tratamento recebido (com ou sem a aplicação de ondas de ultrassom). A aplicação de ondas de ultrassom foi realizada por 30 segundos. Após 30 dias de armazenagem em água os dentes foram seccionados e as leituras de dureza Knoop realizadas na dentina subjacente ao material até 200 μm de distância da interface dentina/CIV. No segundo estudo foram confeccionados 20 blocos de dentina bovina para cada material, sendo que 10 deles foram submetidos ao processo de indução de lesão de cárie artificial e subsequente remoção da dentina contaminada. Em cada bloco foram confeccionados dois corpos de prova com 1,5 cm de altura e 3 cm de diâmetro, sendo o primeiro com e o segundo sem a aplicação de 30 segundos de ondas de ultrassom. Após 24 horas, os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao ensaio mecânico de cisalhamento. No terceiro trabalho 32 espécimes de cada material, VT e KM, foram confeccionados em matriz de dente bovino, sendo que a metade recebeu ondas... / Aim: This work was divided into three studies. The objective was to investigate the effect of ultrasound application on glass ionomer cement (GIC), analyzing underlying dentin hardness, bond strength to noncarious dentin and cariesaffected dentin and the material roughness after toothbrushing test. Materials and methods: GIC Vitremer (VT) and Easymix Ketac Molar (KM) were used in these studies. In the first study, cavities (3 mm wide, 5 mm in length and 2 mm deep) were performed on the buccal surface of eighty bovine incisors. Microbiological method was used to induce artificial caries lesions (n = 40). The teeth were divided into 8 groups (n = 10), according the substrate (noncarious dentin or caries-affected dentin), the material used (VT or KM) and the treatment received (with or without ultrasound application). The ultrasound application was performed for 30 seconds, and teeth stored in water for 30 days. After that, the specimens were sectioned and transversal hardness evaluation was performed in the underlying dentin material up to depth of 200 μm. In the second study, 20 dentin blocks were used for each material. Ten of them were artificially decayed and performed subsequent removal of infected dentin. In each block, two specimens (1.5 cm high and 3 cm diameter) were performed, the first with and the second without ultrasound application. After 24 hours the specimens were shear bonding tested. For the third study 32 specimens of each material, VT and KM, were prepared using a bovine tooth matrix. Half of them received a 30 s ultrasound application during its initial setting. The surface roughness, before and after toothbrushing test, was evaluated at 24 hours (n = 16) and 30 days (n = 16). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests. For all the studies, the statistical tests were considered at the present level... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Doctor Scientiae (Odontology) - DSc(Odont) / Investigations of pathoses of the oral cavity encompass a relatively wide spectrum of diseases, abnormalities, tumours and tumour-like conditions affecting and occurring in the dental hard tissues and supportive structures, the bony skeleton of the face and the soft tissues of the. mouth. It involves a study of the normal - oral biology - and the abnormal - oral pathology. Oral pathology is a relatively new specialized field of dental science and practice. In South Africa, prior to the nineteen-fifties, research in oral pathology was primarily directed towards dental disease. Two people - Julius Staz of the University of the Witwatersrand and Tony Ockerse of the University of Pretoria - were the doyens in this field and made major contributions to dental science. Staz reported on the status of dental caries and tumorous malformations of teeth and Ockerse on the prevalence and severity of fluorosis in South Africa. During the fifties a second generation of dental surgeons, who were interested in soft tissue, bone and tumour pathology, emerged. They ,were Bertie Cohen, George Baikie, Mervyn Shear and John Lemmer who, at that time, were all from the University of the Witwatersrand. Bertie Cohen later joined the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Mervyn Shear led the field with his research on cysts of the oral cavity. The practice of oral pathology, moulded on anatomical pathology, was established in the early sixties and Mervyn Shear and the author, from the University of Pretoria, became known as oral pathologists. Research at that early stage comprised clinical and histological observations of oral lesions, diseases, tumours and tumour-like conditions. Observation techniques became more sophisticated during the sixties and seventies with the advent of histochemistry and electronmicroscopy. The next major development which blossomed in the seventies and early eighties was the application of epidemiological methods in the study of disease. Epidemiological principles enabled the correct recording of profiles of oral pathoses in the community. Much was learnt about the prevalence and distribution of oral conditions. The application and use of experimental models, especially laboratory animals, became popular in the eighties. Amongst others, a germfree animal unit was established in the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Stellenbosch enabling workers to study the microbiological aetiology of dental and oral disease. Morphological observations of tumours and mucosal lesions were further enhanced during this period with the development of immunocytochemistry Experimental cell studies by means of cell culture techniques, commenced late in the eighties and was established in the early nineties. These models fostered molecular biology techniques which have become useful tools for the investigation of the aetiology of disease at a cellular and molecular level. At present molecular techniques are also popular in other spheres of oral pathology such as microbiological, immunological and oncological research. The author's first contact with oral pathology as a subject, forming an important and interesting part of dentistry, was the prescribed textbook "Oral and Dental Diseases", 2nd ed., 1951., by HH Stone of the University of Liverpool in the United Kingdom. Subsequently an enduring interest in the subject and research was cultivated by three teachers and colleagues, Ivor Kramer, Robert Bradlow and Mervyn Shear. Ivor Kramer, Professor of Oral Pathology in the Eastman Dental Institute of the University of London was a superb postgraduate teacher of oral pathology, and revelled in research. The Dean of the Institute, Professor Sir Robert Bradlow was a clinician and splendid diagnostician. He correlated the clinical and histopathological features of oral diseases. These two teachers set the course in oral pathology for the author during his postgraduate studies. In the sixties, after a spell at the University of Pretoria, the author joined Professor Mervyn Shear at the University of Witwatersrand. It was here that the author could further his skills of presenting lectures and research papers in an orderely manner and strengthen his love of research. The research carried out by the author reflects to a large extent the development of research in oral pathology in South Africa since 1960.. It includes studies of diseases and lesions of the oral mucosa, the dental hard tissues, tumours of the oral cavity and jaws and forensic odonto-stomatology. To date 139 articles have been published and accepted in scientific journals of which I was the first or co-author. The research presented here, however, comprises only those studies related to pathoses of the oral mucosa as it occurs in South Africa. Fifty-four papers and two abstracts are submitted. The papers are grouped into two divisions which include studies on (I) normal human oral and ectocervical mucosa and (II), those related to pathoses of the oral mucosa. The latter is subdivided into sections on: the profile of lesions of the oral mucosa in the community; cytological, clinical and morphological features of lesions of the oral mucosa; and studies on the aetiology of lesions of the oral mucosa. Each division and section is preceded by a declaration as to the contribution of the author or co-authors and a précis of the aims, objects and research findings. In the introduction of the précis statements are made explaining the aims of the study. These statements are not referenced because they appear in the respective articles.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / PURPOSE: To assess the influence of simulated oral erosive/abrasive challenges on the bond strength of an etch-and-rinse two-step bonding system to enamel using an in situ/ex vivo protocol. METHODS: Bovine enamel blocks were prepared and randomly assigned to four groups: CONT - control (no challenge), ABR - 3x/day-1 minute toothbrushing; ERO - 3x/day - 5 minutes extraoral immersion into regular Coca Cola; and ERO+ABR - erosive protocol followed by a 1-minute toothbrushing. Eight blocks were placed into an acrylic palatal appliance for each volunteer (n = 13), who wore the appliance for 5 days. Two blocks were subjected to each of the four challenges. Subsequently, all the blocks were washed with tap water and Adper Single Bond 2/Filtek Z350 were placed. After 24 hours, 1 mm2 beams were obtained from each block to be tested with the microtensile bond strength test (50 N load at 0.5 mm/minute). The data were statistically analyzed by one-way RM-ANOVA and Tukey's tests (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: No difference was detected among the ABR, ERO, and CONT groups (P > 0.05). ERO+ABR group yielded lower bond strengths than either the ABR and ERO groups (P < 0.0113). / Revisión por pares