Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 74 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-57).

This thesis is performed at Mälardalen University and the Academy of Innovation, Design & Technology. At the end of a Bachelor education in innovation and product design IKE20, this project thesis where written in the spring of 2016. The project focuses on industrial design and includes 10 weeks of full time studies. The report is the result of the projects performance. The project is described by its methods and working procedures together with visual illustrations.The work includes a product development process where hygiene and oral care is the focus. The project is the result out of a previous project that arose during a previous course of education. The project is a further development of toothpaste handling in bathrooms. The assignment was to design and evaluate the function and design of a toothpaste dispenser. The report is intended to form the basis for further development of the product.By working in a scientific way by using product development tool has a product development process been performed to find a solution concept of the problem. To work out a qualitative concept, the author had to purchasing, testing and dismantling existing products on the market. An analysis of the bestselling toothpastes has been completed and evaluated.Through testing and evaluation tools have concepts evaluated and compiled into a final concept. The final concept has then been developed and adapted for manufacturing and assembly. A full-scale three-dimensional model of the product has been developed in a 3D software program. Manufacturing drawings had then been developed from the model. / Detta examensarbete är utfört på Mälardalens Högskola på akademin för Innovation, Design & Teknik. I slutet av högskoleingenjörsutbildningen ”Innovation och produktdesign” (IKE20), genomfördes under våren 2016 detta projekt som examensarbete. Projektet är inriktat på Industriell design och omfattar 10 veckors heltidsstudier. Rapporten är resultatet av projektets genomförande. Projektet beskrivs med dess metoder och arbetsgång tillsammans med visuella illustrationer.Arbetet omfattar en produktutvecklingsprocess där hygien och munvård står i fokus. Projektet är resultatet av ett tidigare projekt som uppkom under en tidigare kurs i utbildningen. Projektet är en vidareutveckling av tandkräms-hantering i våtrum. Uppdraget var att utforma och utvärdera funktion och design på en tandkrämsdispenser. Rapporten är tänkt att ligga som underlag till vidareutveckling av produkten.Genom att på ett vetenskapligt arbetssätt använda produktutvecklingsverktyg har en produktutvecklingsprocess genomförts för att finna ett lösningskoncept till problemet. För att arbeta fram ett kvalitativt koncept har inköp, test och demonteringar av befintliga produkter genomförs. En analys av de bästsäljande tandkrämerna har genomförts och utvärderats.Genom tester och utvärderingsverktyg har koncepten utvärderats och sammanställts till ett slutkoncept. Slutkonceptet har sedan utvecklats och anpassats för tillverkning och montering. En fullskalig tredimensionell modell av produkten har framtagits i ett 3D mjukvaruprogram. Utefter modellen har tillverkningsritningar framtagits.

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This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of an 8% arginine and calcium carbonate in-office desensitizing prophylaxis paste with that of a home-use toothpaste having the same active ingredients in reducing dentine hypersensitivity. The study was a randomized controlled clinical trial involving 55 subjects who had at least one tooth with sound exposed dentine on the cervical region of the buccal surface displaying hypersensitivity. The subjects were recruited from students and staff, other than those from the Faculty of Dentistry, of The University of Hong Kong. After receiving scaling performed by a dental hygienist at baseline, subjects were randomly assigned to either the in-office desensitizing prophylaxis paste treatment group or the home-use desensitizing toothpaste group. Clinical assessments of dentine hypersensitivity to tactile and to thermal stimuli were performed prior to the treatment at baseline, week 4 and week 12 by a blinded examiner and subjective global assessments of dentine hypersensitivity were recorded. The responses of the subjects to both stimuli were recorded by using a pain score scale from 0 to 10 (from no pain to unbearable pain). Reponses to both tactile and thermal hypersensitivity assessments in the home-use desensitizing toothpaste group showed statistically significant differences between baseline and week 12 (tactile: 2.4 vs. 0.9; cold: 5.8 vs. 3.5, both p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the tactile assessment scores (1.8 vs. 1.0, p<0.05) but not in the thermal hypersensitivity assessment scores (5.5 vs. 5.3, p>0.05) for the in-office desensitizing prophylaxis paste group. There was also a statistically significant difference in the change in thermal assessment scores between the two groups (in-office: -0.2 vs. home-use: -2.3, p<0.05) but not in the tactile hypersensitivity assessment scores (in-office: -0.9 vs. home-use: -1.2, p>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in global subjective responses to external stimuli in the telephone interviews. Daily use of an 8% arginine and calcium carbonate toothpaste was able to reduce dentine hypersensitivity over 12 weeks but a single in-office application of prophylaxis paste of similar content was not able to provide instant and long-lasting benefits for subjects with a mild-to-moderate degree of dentine hypersensitivity. / published_or_final_version / Dentistry / Master / Master of Philosophy

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The purposes of this study were twofold: (1) to determine whether applying zirconium silicate prophylaxis paste (containing nine per cent stannous fluoride) prior to topical application of 10 per cent aqueous solution of stannous fluoride would promote a significantly greater enamel fluoride uptake than when the solution was applied alone; and (2) to determine whether rinsing the mouth with tap water immediately after these procedures would significantly affect enamel fluoride uptake. A modification of an in vivo, acid-etched enamel biopsy technique was used to measure fluoride and calcium contents of the outermost layer of enamel in first permanent molars and primary cuspids of 89 children. Four sites were biopsied prior to treatment. Treatments involved prophylaxes with a zirconium silicate paste either containing or not containing nine per cent stannous fluoride, followed by either a four-minute topical application of 10 per cent stannous fluoride in an aqueous solution or no such topical application. Some participants were instructed not to rinse for one-half hour; others were immediately offered unlimited quantities of tap water. Four other sites were biopsied one week after treatment; four more were biopsied two weeks after treatment. Pre- versus post-treatment differences were measured via a fluoride-sensitive electrode and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results were inconclusive. Enamel fluoride uptakes for most treatment groups appeared to be negative. Due to this seeming disagreement with the findings of many other investigators, and due to the very small numbers within treatment groups and biopsy sites, it was felt that uptake comparisons from group to group would be misleading. Tentative explanations for the unexpected results were offered.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 113 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-79).

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Thesis (M.D.S.)--University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Also available in print.

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