The purpose of this study was to establish validity for both musuloskeletal testing and motion analysis compared to ultrasound measures of tibial torsion. Twelve subjects between 18-30 years of age participated in the study. Each subject underwent 3 measures of tibial torsion: ultrasound, a musculoskeletal measure and motion analysis. There were no significant differences in the measure of tibial torsion generated by the ultrasound compared to musculoskeletal test (p values, right = 0.593, left = 0.388) neither were there difference between ultrasound and the motion analysis measures (p values, right = 0.541, left = 0.583). All three methods of tibial torsion measurement demonstrated good to excellent reliability across trials. These results indicate musculoskeletal testing and motion analysis provide a valid measure of tibial torsion in an adult population and should be considered when providing surgical recommendations. / School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science

M.Ing. / This thesis demonstrates the measurement of temperature distribution across a metal plate and the non-contact measurement of torsion in a rotating shaft. After a thorough theoretical study of the origin of fibre Bragg gratings, methods of fabrication and erasing of gratings, methods of demodulating the signals from gratings, and methods of discriminating between strain and temperature variations in gratings, simulations and experiments were done to prove the feasibility of both temperature distribution measurement and non-contact torsion measurement. For the measurement of temperature distribution, a 450 x 450 x 1.6 mm type 304 stainless steel plate was used. Two 4,7Ω 25W resistors were used as heat sources, and five fibre Bragg gratings measured the temperature at strategic points on the plate. The measured values were interpolated appropriately and a three-dimensional representation of the temperature distribution was shown on a personal computer monitor. The measurement of torsion was first done on a non-rotating 25 mm diameter solid shaft with torque applied. Both resistive strain gauges and fibre Bragg gratings were attached to the shaft and the measurement results compared well. Up to 90 Nm of torque was applied to the shaft. The non-contact measurement of torsion on a rotating shaft was done with fibre Bragg gratings and involved the use of graded index (GRIN) lenses for transmitting optical information between the light source, the gratings, and back to the spectrum analyser through free space. A special Böhler steel with high yield strength was used, and the set-up was mounted on a lathe. The one end of the shaft was clamped in the lathe chuck, and the other was fixed to an automobile drum brake system, allowing the application of torque on the rotating shaft. Up to 97 Nm of torque was applied to the shaft rotating at 190 rpm, and the results are within 10% of the expected values. As far as we are aware, this is the first time that torsion is measured by fibre Bragg gratings without the need to have physical contact with the shaft, i.e. slip rings, to transmit the information to and from the sensors. The experimental results of this thesis confirm that fibre Bragg grating sensors can be applied usefully in temperature distribution measurement, as well as in the measurement of torsional stress in rotating shafts.

Ocular torsion determination using search coils was a preferred method in a past few years. But advantages of the digital image processing techniques allows us to refuse search coils and use video-based techniques instead. The manufactures of the commercial video-based systems declare high accuracy of their product, but they don’t publish result analysis in public to improve it. We chose to use E. Greon’s (1997) suggested method with additional pattern matching using cross correlation. The landmarks of iris texture is used to track from frame to frame, so its important to enhance them. The researches helped to find out what is the most suitable iris processing and what are the optimal correlation parameters. The results showed, that a polar cross correlation can be applicable for ocular torsion measurement.

The design for load tests of reinforced concrete members subjected to pure torsion. Calculation of ultimate torsional strenght of the reinforced concrete members with different theoretical approaches. Creating a mathematical model in Atena 3D software. Evaluation and comparison of the experimental results with the analytical part of the project. Recommendations for implementation of a similar type of experimental tests.