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Development of a normative model for cultural tourism on the Cape FlatsIsmail, Reedwaan January 2008 (has links)
THESIS SUBMITTED
IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE
DOCTOR TECHNOLOGIAE ( D Tech )
(TRAVEL AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT)
IN THE FACULTY OF BUSINESS
AT THE CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, 2008 / This study is aimed at developing and proposing a normative model for cultural
tourism, which should be implemented on the Cape Flats. Normative criteria for
cultural tourism were identified through a literature search, followed by an empirical
study.
Responses to various questions and statements were statistically analysed,
interpreted and presented.
Tourism stakeholders such as tour operators, travel agents, accommodation
establishments and cultural tourism suppliers, including the community of the Cape
Flats, can benefit from implementation of the normative model for cultural tourism.
This study traces the roots of philosophy in the social sciences, provides a
philosophical basis for cultural tourism, followed by a discussion of relevant national,
provincial and local legislative frameworks for cultural tourism on the Cape Flats.
In addition to the above, a comparative conceptual analysis of cultural tourism in The
Gambia is made in order to gain a better understanding of successes and challenges
that face destinations, which intend to offer cultural tourism as a tourism product.
Developing a normative model for cultural tourism on the Cape Flats should seek to
invite active participation from the community from inception phase until
implementation.
The research identifies and explains elements of model theory, discusses models that
are applicable to the research area, and presents an adapted normative, input-output
systems model with a feedback mechanism. The normative model proposes an
implementation mechanism against various external and internal environmental
factors as means to ensure sustainability of cultural offerings on the Cape Flats.
The normative model proposes an approach that will facilitate employment in the
tourism sector on the Cape Flats, as well as poverty alleviation initiatives as part of
corporate social responsibility undertakings by tourism stakeholders.
Variables identified in the normative model will assist tourism stakeholders, including
the Cape Flats community, to develop cultural offerings for consumption by tourists,
the cultural market and sustain cultural tourism, which should improve standards of
living for people on the Cape Flats.
The normative model for cultural tourism addresses the critical shortage of skills
amongst tourism practitioners and offers recommendations to alleviate this
shortcoming within the tourism industry.
The normative criteria, which is identified in the model, addresses the fact that
attention should given to improvement and provision of cultural tourism infrastructure
on the Cape Flats.
An objective of the normative model for cultural tourism is to facilitate the proposal of
guidelines for National, Provincial and Local government policy initiatives regarding
tourism and, in particular, cultural tourism on the Cape Flats. This model identifies
aims and objectives of the White Paper on Sustainable Tourism Development (1996),
the Cape Flats Tourism Framework (2005) and the Tourism Development Framework
for the City of Cape Town (2006).
Finally, the Cape Flats’ diverse community displays a host of unique cultural
experiences and offerings in terms of folklore, history, experiences, food, song and a
host of other activities that should be shared with tourists.
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A multi-perspective report on the status of the knowledge of and response to commercial sexual exploitation of children with a specific focus on child prostitution and child sex tourism : a social work perspectiveSpurrier, Karen Jeanne 05 1900 (has links)
Increasing tourism numbers in third world countries affect their economies and certain
aspects of their society positively; however, there are concomitant negative effects that
expose the dark side of the tourism industry. One of these is the escalating commercial
sexual exploitation of children (CSEC), particularly child prostitution (CP) in the context of
tourism, a phenomenon known as child sex tourism (CST). Although tourism plays an
important role in creating the perfect storm of poverty-stricken children colliding with wealthy
tourists, it is not solely responsible for this phenomenon. Internationally and nationally, the lacuna of knowledge on CST in particular hampers an
informed response by way of resource allocation and coordinated service delivery to both
victims and perpetrators. Utilising a qualitative research approach, and the collective case
study and phenomenological research designs complemented by an explorative, descriptive
and contextual strategy of inquiry, the researcher explored the status of the knowledge of
and response to the CSEC through the lens of closely associated role players, who were
purposively selected for inclusion in the study. These were adult survivors who were as
children engaged in sex work and victims of child sex tourism, social workers and non-social
workers involved in rendering child welfare and protection services, members of the Family
Violence Child Protection and Sexual Offences (FCS) Unit of the South African Police
Service (SAPS) and representatives of the hospitality and tourism industry. Data was
collected via individual in-depth semi-structured interviews, telephone interviews, and email-communication and thematically analysed. The researcher found that a range of microsystem level factors, such as poverty and family
dysfunction, pushed children to the street, and as a means to survive engage in sex work,
enabling tourists (i.e. local - out of towners) and foreigners, mainly men from varied sexual
orientation) to commercially sexually exploit both boys and girls, from as young as nine
years of age, and of different race groups, which leave them with physical and psychological
scars.
The following main findings surfaced: The social workers, in comparison to the non-social
workers, who have a primary responsibility to provide child welfare and protection services
were ill-informed in terms of identifying CST as phenomenon, untrained and/or slow to
respond appropriately with interventions directed to the victims and perpetrators of CSEC. The service provider groups, as microsystems interfacing on a mesosystem, were fraught
with perceptions that the social workers and the SAPS were being inadequate. Furthermore
a lack of cooperation, collaboration and communication between the service provider groups
to respond to CSEC existed. The hospitality and tourism industry service representatives
were also ill-informed about the phenomena of CP and CST with a response that at best can
be labelled as fluctuating between an indirect response to that of turning a blind-eye. From
the findings, recommendations for social work practice, education and training and
recommendations specific for the other closely associated role players in responding to the CSEC were forwarded. / Social Work / D.Phil. (Social Work)
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A multi-perspective report on the status of the knowledge of and response to commercial sexual exploitation of children with a specific focus on child prostitution and child sex tourism : a social work perspectiveSpurrier, Karen Jeanne 05 1900 (has links)
Increasing tourism numbers in third world countries affect their economies and certain
aspects of their society positively; however, there are concomitant negative effects that
expose the dark side of the tourism industry. One of these is the escalating commercial
sexual exploitation of children (CSEC), particularly child prostitution (CP) in the context of
tourism, a phenomenon known as child sex tourism (CST). Although tourism plays an
important role in creating the perfect storm of poverty-stricken children colliding with wealthy
tourists, it is not solely responsible for this phenomenon. Internationally and nationally, the lacuna of knowledge on CST in particular hampers an
informed response by way of resource allocation and coordinated service delivery to both
victims and perpetrators. Utilising a qualitative research approach, and the collective case
study and phenomenological research designs complemented by an explorative, descriptive
and contextual strategy of inquiry, the researcher explored the status of the knowledge of
and response to the CSEC through the lens of closely associated role players, who were
purposively selected for inclusion in the study. These were adult survivors who were as
children engaged in sex work and victims of child sex tourism, social workers and non-social
workers involved in rendering child welfare and protection services, members of the Family
Violence Child Protection and Sexual Offences (FCS) Unit of the South African Police
Service (SAPS) and representatives of the hospitality and tourism industry. Data was
collected via individual in-depth semi-structured interviews, telephone interviews, and email-communication and thematically analysed. The researcher found that a range of microsystem level factors, such as poverty and family
dysfunction, pushed children to the street, and as a means to survive engage in sex work,
enabling tourists (i.e. local - out of towners) and foreigners, mainly men from varied sexual
orientation) to commercially sexually exploit both boys and girls, from as young as nine
years of age, and of different race groups, which leave them with physical and psychological
scars.
The following main findings surfaced: The social workers, in comparison to the non-social
workers, who have a primary responsibility to provide child welfare and protection services
were ill-informed in terms of identifying CST as phenomenon, untrained and/or slow to
respond appropriately with interventions directed to the victims and perpetrators of CSEC. The service provider groups, as microsystems interfacing on a mesosystem, were fraught
with perceptions that the social workers and the SAPS were being inadequate. Furthermore
a lack of cooperation, collaboration and communication between the service provider groups
to respond to CSEC existed. The hospitality and tourism industry service representatives
were also ill-informed about the phenomena of CP and CST with a response that at best can
be labelled as fluctuating between an indirect response to that of turning a blind-eye. From
the findings, recommendations for social work practice, education and training and
recommendations specific for the other closely associated role players in responding to the CSEC were forwarded. / Social Work / D. Phil. (Social Work)
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