This research considers the relationship between tourism and development, and how tourism can be used as a means of promoting development. In order to explore this relationship, two districts in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa, the Albany and Peddie Districts have been selected as case study areas. Both the Albany and Peddie Districts are in need of development which can meet the economic and social development of the districts. One such option for the two districts is tourism-based development. This research examines the current status of tourism in both districts through the use of secondary data analysis and primary data gathered from questionnaires and interviews undertaken with tourists and representatives of key stakeholders in the tourism industry. This data was used to establish the current and future potential of tourism in the districts in terms of the availability and diversity of attractions and the tourism assets and facilities in the districts. It was also used to determine whether or not tourism, by promoting infrastructural and economic development, may lead to the socio-economic upliftment of the Albany and Peddie Districts. The results obtained from this research highlight the significant lack of tourism infrastructure in the Peddie District, and the reality that the tourism potential of the district remains untapped. With the marketing and promotion of tourism to the district, and the associated tourist requirements such as accommodation, and other facilities, tourism does hold a potential key to the socio-economic development of the district. The Albany District, however, has a well-established tourism industry, but the development spin-ofts are minimal, and the potential for further tourism-based development in the future would therefore appear to be somewhat limited. A GIS (Geographic Information System) was use to determine and detail possible tourism routes, a final outcome of the investigation being the proposal of two tourism routes to draw people into and through the study area, based on the current assets and attractions of the two districts. These routes highlight one of the options available in the districts to promote much needed development in the two districts through the use of the tourism industry. / KMBT_363 / Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in

The purpose of this study was to investigate the developmental impacts of Business Social Responsibility (BSR) of the tourism industry in South Africa with a special focus on the Western Cape region. The study was based on the premise that little is known regarding the role and contribution of BSR of the tourism sector to the three critical challenges: poverty, unemployment and inequality that South Africa is facing. The effectiveness of South African tourism policies in guiding the industry and the extend of compliance were assessed. Extensive relevant literature was reviewed, providing a framework for the analysis and interpretation of the research findings. Different types of tourism businesses, 307 in total, were surveyed in the Western Cape Province using stratified sampling. Government tourism departments and community organisations were identified as the key informants. Mixed research methods were applied, allowing for various tools and techniques to be used. Research data was analysed using qualitative and quantitative techniques. The research findings were analysed and interpreted using theoretical realism and neoliberalism frameworks. The findings indicated that the government developed a series of regulations and procedures to guide the tourism sector. Key role players and international investors design and implement BSR activities with complete disregard of intended community stakeholders. There is little or no significant participation in the design stage of intended stakeholders. Targeted communities are not able to raise critical issues largely because of poverty and unemployment. Though there are regulations such as B-BBEE, employment equity, BSR policies governing various tourism businesses have largely ignored these regulations. Attracting investors has been a major concern for the government with little concern of the nature of activities, impacts and their contributions on reducing the triple challenges in the country. This study contends that the current policies and regulatory frameworks are much too market friendly. Hence, the tourism industry has largely been able to implement policies that favours market goals. Some tourism BSR policies are aligned to the province’s institutional framework while others are not, indicating a lack of sustainable development. A model is proposed to improve the implementation of tourism BSR activities and policies / Geography / Ph. D. (Geography)

Orientador: Sonia Regina da Cal Seixas / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Cienciaqs Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T18:22:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Soares_CristianedeSouza_D.pdf: 5578782 bytes, checksum: 5c0bb6a82caf0e63c0cdb0aab45d6f6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A relação turismo-meio ambiente-comunidade-sustentabilidade local vem se colocando cada vez mais permeada por conflitos, de tal modo, ser preciso empreender ações direcionadas ao equilíbrio entre a preservação cultural, ambiental, a qualidade de vida e a construção de alternativas econômicas de base local. A discussão sobre turismo x apropriação do espaço x qualidade de vida assume contornos relevantes à gestão pública municipal das cidades turísticas que possuem grande dificuldade para lidar com os problemas oriundos do excessivo fluxo de pessoas. O estudo de caso de um destino turístico litorâneo do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Saquarema, assume a legitimidade para a avaliação do paradigma da sustentabilidade, estabelecendo estratégias para a garantia da integridade do patrimônio ambiental e cultural local ancorando a formulação de políticas urbanas em bases mais sustentáveis. Os resultados alcançados na pesquisa nos conduziram à conclusão que a manutenção da cultura e da identidade local são primordiais à construção do comportamento do indivíduo-cidadão, pois estes se mostram como elementos estruturantes da coletividade que se constitui base primária para a busca da qualidade de vida. / Abstract: The relation local tourism-half environment-community-support comes if more placing each time confused by conflicts, in such way, necessary being to undertake actions directed to the balance between the cultural, ambient preservation, the quality of life and the construction of economic alternatives of local base. The quarrel on tourism x appropriation of space x quality of life assumes excellent contours to the municipal public administration of the tourist cities that possess great difficulty to the deal with deriving problems of the extreme flow of people. The study case of a littoral tourist destination of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Saquarema, it assumes the legitimacy for the evaluation of the paradigm of the support, establishing strategies for the guarantee of the integrity of the ambient, patrimony and cultural place anchoring the formularization of urban politics in more sustainable bases. The results reached in the research had lead in them to the conclusion of that maintenance of the culture and local identity is primordial to the construction of the behavior of the individual-citizen, therefore these if they show as basics elements of the collective that if constitutes primary base for the search of the quality life. / Doutorado / Aspectos Sociais de Sustentabilidade e Conservação / Doutor em Ambiente e Sociedade

In recent years the use of tourism as a development strategy by Third World governments has increased, resulting in the intersection of international tourism and local resource utilisation patterns. The aim of this thesis is to critically assess the impact of tourism in the utilisation and management of natural resources in the Okavango Delta in Botswana. More specifically, the study appraises the current state of tourism and natural resource utilisation and management in the Okavango Delta; assesses the past and present forms of resource utilisation practised by the local inhabitants scattered throughout the Delta area; focuses on the implementation of government policy regarding resource use; highlights past and present relationships between tourism and resource utilisation; and examines the impact of tourism on the areas resources, environment and local inhabitants. Research has shown that the Okavango Delta, which is Botswana's primary tourism area, is faced with a number of social, economic and environmental challenges. These include extreme levels of poverty, especially in the rural areas; lack of infrastructure; competition over land and resources; growing regional inequality; social degradation; increased imports leading to foreign exchange leakages; changes in subsistence strategies and increased 'rural-urban' .migration; and the loss of control of the region by the local population to the global tourism system. The Okavango Delta is in the process of undergoing a change from traditional, rural, subsistence economies and livelihoods to capitalist, commercial-driven economic structures. In the Okavango Delta, as in many places around the world, people are in the process of being integrated into national level political, social and economic institutions, both within and outside of their control. The creation of employment for the local population, the sustainable use of the Delta and its resources, the development of the local agricultural industry, the continued growth of the tourism industry, and striking a balance between the conservation/preservation of the Okavango and meeting the water requirement needs of Angola, Namibia, and Botswana's growing populations are amongst the key concerns present in the area. 11 Tourism in the Okavango Delta is directly dependent upon the utilisation of the region's natural resources of wildlife, water and natural vegetation areas for the industry. As such, tourism has increasingly impacted upon the way, and degree to which, these resources are managed and utilised, hence being identified as a key factor effecting the resource sector. If the Government of Botswana is to develop a tourism industry which fosters environmental and natural resource preservation, rather than maintaining a heavy dependence on limited and fragile resources, a better understanding of the relationship between the two sectors is necessary. Enhancing the positive linkages between tourism and natural resource utilisation in the Okavango Delta region represents an important means to stimulate increased natural resource and environmental protection, and improve the distribution of tourism benefits to rural communities. amongst the key concerns present in the area. Tourism in the Okavango Delta is directly dependent upon the utilisation of the region's natural resources of wildlife, water and natural vegetation areas for the industry. As such, tourism has increasingly impacted upon the way, and degree to which, these resources are managed and utilised, hence being identified as a key factor effecting the resource sector. If the Government of Botswana is to develop a tourism industry which fosters environmental and natural resource preservation, rather than maintaining a heavy dependence on limited and fragile resources, a better understanding of the relationship between the two sectors is necessary. Enhancing the positive linkages between tourism and natural resource utilisation in the Okavango Delta region represents an important means to stimulate increased natural resource and environmental protection, and improve the distribution of tourism benefits to rural communities. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006