A necessidade de se desenvolver um produto capaz de atingir as exigências impostas pela referência normativa AS-2213 (1984) e a falta de uma rotina de projeto para o componente denominado Garfo do Engate Automático motivam este trabalho. Assim, esta pesquisa apresenta como objetivo principal o estudo de fadiga e estimativa de vida do garfo forjado de um dispositivo de acoplamento automático entre veículos tratores e reboques. Para realização das análises estáticas através de elementos finitos, foi necessária a determinação de todas as condições de contorno que refletissem as características do teste experimental de homologação do produto. De posse destes resultados, realizou-se a análise pelo método S-N, tendo como resultado a determinação da vida em fadiga das regiões críticas do componente, onde são propostas algumas alternativas que visam aumentar a vida do produto. Dentre as inúmeras alternativas possíveis, destacam-se a alteração de material e utilização de tratamento térmico no garfo. / The necessary development of a product capable of reaching the imposed requirements in accordance with reference standard AS-2213 (1984) and the lack of a project routine for the component called Towing Hitch Fork motivated this research. Thus, this research presents as its main goal, the study of fatigue and life predictions of forged fork of the automatic coupling device used in tractor vehicles and trailers. To perform the static analysis through finite elements method, it was necessary to determine all contour conditions which represent the features of product certification tests. After preliminary results have been obtained, the S-N analysis has been performed, showing the fatigue life predictions in the critical regions of the component, where some alternatives aiming at increasing the product life were considered. Among the several alternatives, it is possible to highlight the material changes and the use of thermal treatment in the component.

A necessidade de se desenvolver um produto capaz de atingir as exigências impostas pela referência normativa AS-2213 (1984) e a falta de uma rotina de projeto para o componente denominado Garfo do Engate Automático motivam este trabalho. Assim, esta pesquisa apresenta como objetivo principal o estudo de fadiga e estimativa de vida do garfo forjado de um dispositivo de acoplamento automático entre veículos tratores e reboques. Para realização das análises estáticas através de elementos finitos, foi necessária a determinação de todas as condições de contorno que refletissem as características do teste experimental de homologação do produto. De posse destes resultados, realizou-se a análise pelo método S-N, tendo como resultado a determinação da vida em fadiga das regiões críticas do componente, onde são propostas algumas alternativas que visam aumentar a vida do produto. Dentre as inúmeras alternativas possíveis, destacam-se a alteração de material e utilização de tratamento térmico no garfo. / The necessary development of a product capable of reaching the imposed requirements in accordance with reference standard AS-2213 (1984) and the lack of a project routine for the component called Towing Hitch Fork motivated this research. Thus, this research presents as its main goal, the study of fatigue and life predictions of forged fork of the automatic coupling device used in tractor vehicles and trailers. To perform the static analysis through finite elements method, it was necessary to determine all contour conditions which represent the features of product certification tests. After preliminary results have been obtained, the S-N analysis has been performed, showing the fatigue life predictions in the critical regions of the component, where some alternatives aiming at increasing the product life were considered. Among the several alternatives, it is possible to highlight the material changes and the use of thermal treatment in the component.

A necessidade de se desenvolver um produto capaz de atingir as exigências impostas pela referência normativa AS-2213 (1984) e a falta de uma rotina de projeto para o componente denominado Garfo do Engate Automático motivam este trabalho. Assim, esta pesquisa apresenta como objetivo principal o estudo de fadiga e estimativa de vida do garfo forjado de um dispositivo de acoplamento automático entre veículos tratores e reboques. Para realização das análises estáticas através de elementos finitos, foi necessária a determinação de todas as condições de contorno que refletissem as características do teste experimental de homologação do produto. De posse destes resultados, realizou-se a análise pelo método S-N, tendo como resultado a determinação da vida em fadiga das regiões críticas do componente, onde são propostas algumas alternativas que visam aumentar a vida do produto. Dentre as inúmeras alternativas possíveis, destacam-se a alteração de material e utilização de tratamento térmico no garfo. / The necessary development of a product capable of reaching the imposed requirements in accordance with reference standard AS-2213 (1984) and the lack of a project routine for the component called Towing Hitch Fork motivated this research. Thus, this research presents as its main goal, the study of fatigue and life predictions of forged fork of the automatic coupling device used in tractor vehicles and trailers. To perform the static analysis through finite elements method, it was necessary to determine all contour conditions which represent the features of product certification tests. After preliminary results have been obtained, the S-N analysis has been performed, showing the fatigue life predictions in the critical regions of the component, where some alternatives aiming at increasing the product life were considered. Among the several alternatives, it is possible to highlight the material changes and the use of thermal treatment in the component.

The remarkable efficacy with which normal surface mass transpiration (blowing and suction) alters a given base flow to achieve a desired predefined objective has motivated several investigations on drag reduction, self-propulsion and suppression of separation and wake unsteadiness in bluff body flows. However, the energetic efficiency, a critical parameter that determines the true efficacy and in particular practical feasibility of this control strategy, has received significantly less attention. In this work, we determine the optimal zero net mass transpiration blowing and suction profiles that minimize net power consumption while reducing drag or enabling self-propulsion in typical bluff body flows. We establish the influence of prescribed blowing and suction profiles on the hydrodynamic loads and net power consumption for a representative bluff body flow involving flow past a stationary two-dimensional circular cylinder. Using analysis based on Oseen’s equations, we find that all the symmetric modes, except the first one, lead to an increase in the net power consumption without affecting hydrodynamic drag. The optimal blowing and suction profile that yields minimum power consumption is such that the normal stress acting on the cylinder surface vanishes identically. Furthermore, we show that a self-propelling state corresponding to zero net drag force is attained when the first mode of blowing and suction profile is such that the flow field be-comes irrigational. Based on these findings we employ direct numerical simulation tools to decipher the Reynolds number dependence of the optimal profiles and the associated power consumption for both drag reduction and self-propulsion. For a typical Reynolds number, the time-averaged drag coefficient first decreases due to vortex shedding suppression, then increases and eventually decreases again after attaining a local maximum as the strength of the first mode is increased. The net power consumption continues to decrease with an increase in the strength of the first mode before reaching a minima after which it rises continuously. For a Reynolds number of 1000 over fifteen fold reduction in drag is achieved for an optimal blowing and suction profile with a maximum radial surface velocity that is nearly 1.97 times the free stream velocity. Next, to establish whether or not higher modes play a role in decreasing net power consumption at finite Reynolds number, we perform theoretical analysis of a configuration similar to the one described above for a spherical body. At zero Reynolds number, as a result of mode independence, we show that surface blow-ing and suction of any form that involves second or higher order axisymmetric or non-axisymmetric modes does not contribute to drag and only leads to an increase in total power consumption. However, at finite Reynolds number, using analysis based on Oseen’s equations, we find that the second and higher modes contribute substantially to the optimal profiles. Finally to understand the effects of a change in shape we consider generalization of the above analysis to axisymmetric prolate and oblate spheroidal bodies. We find that for a general axisymmetric body with non-constant curvature, the optimal drag reducing and self-propelling blowing and suction profiles for minimum power consumption contain second and higher-order modes along with the first mode even when the Reynolds number is zero. The net decrease in power consumption with the use of second and higher order modes exceeds 33% for a disk-like low aspect ratio self-propelling oblate spheroid. Moreover, we perform comparisons between blowing and suction and tangential surface velocity based boundary deformation propulsion mechanisms. Below an aspect ratio of 0.56 we find blowing and suction mechanism to be more efficient for self-propulsion of an oblate spheroid. In contrast, for a self-propelling pro-late spherical micro-swimmer, we show that the tangential surface tread milling consumes less power irrespective of the aspect ratio.

Topic of this thesis is concept design of high power towbarless aircraft tractor. Concept brings up different form design for overall appearance of vehicle based primarily on new technologies and solutions.

This project developed within the engineering studies of M-STG submits a proposal of a production technology of production of the magnet holder made of DC03. Based on a literary study of the problem of cutting, drawing, bending and calculations manufacturing of the component in a production die was suggested. The production die uses a normalised component and is tightened on PE 100 crank press with nominal drawbar pull 1000 kN. The conclusion of the thesis deals with the economic benefit of the suggested manufacturing technology.

The ability of fish to deform their bodies in steady swimming action is gaining from robotic designers. While bound by the same physical laws, fish have evolved to move in ways that often outperform artificial systems in critical measures such as efficiency, agility, and stealth through thousands of years of natural selection. As we expand our presence in the ocean with deep-sea exploration or offshore drilling for petroleum and natural gas, the demand for prolonging underwater operations is growing significantly. Therefore, it is critical for robotic designers to understand the physics of pisciform (fish-like) locomotion and learn how to effectively implement the propulsive mechanisms into their designs to create the next generation of aquatic robots. Aiming to assist this process, this thesis presents an experimental apparatus called Towed Biolocomotion Emulator (TBE), which is capable of imitating the undulating action of different fish species in steady swimming and can be quickly adapted to different configurations with modular modules. Using the TBE device, an experiment is performed to test its hydrodynamic performance and evaluate the effectiveness of the bio-inspired locomotion implemented on such a mechanical system. The analysis of hydrodynamic data collected from the experiment shows that there exists a small range of kinematic parameters where the undulating motion of the device produces the optimal performance. This result confirms the benefits of utilizing pisciform locomotion for small-scale underwater vehicles. In addition, this thesis also proposes a reduced-order flow model using the unsteady vortex lattice method (UVLM) to predict the hydrodynamic performance of such a system. The proposed model is then validated with the experimental data collected earlier. The tool developed can be employed to quickly explore the possible design space early in the conceptual design stage for such a bio-mimetic vehicle. / Master of Science / It is no surprise that through thousands of years of natural evolution, marine species possess incredible ability to navigate through water. As we expand our presence in the sea, more and more tasks require underwater operations such as ocean exploration, oil-rig maintenance, etc. Yet, most of the underwater robotic vehicles still utilize propellers as the primary propulsive mechanism. In many cases, the bio-inspired propulsion system that mimics the swimming action of fish offers many advantages in agility, maneuverability, and stealth. With the rising interest in the field, the works presented in this thesis aim to expand our understanding of how to implement the bio-inspired propulsive mechanism to robotic design. To achieve this, a mechanical device is designed to mimic the swimming action of different fish species. Then, an experiment is performed to subject the device to different fish-like motions and test their effectiveness. In addition, a reduced-ordered model is also introduced as an alternative method to predict the hydrodynamic performance of this propulsive mechanism. The works presented in this thesis help to expand the toolbox available for the engineer to design the next generation of the underwater robotic vehicle.

The response to ship induced motions has been predicted for four towed underwater vehicles. The purpose of the study is to determine the suitability of these vehicles for their use as oceanic microstructure sensor carrying platforms. All have been used in the past for oceanic studies, and these four vehicles show the most promise for microstructure work. Transfer functions which describe the response of a towed vehicle have been determined, for longitudinal motions. Also, the motion spectra of the vehicles have been predicted for the longitudinal mode as a result of being towed by a typical research vessel in a sea state three. / M.S.

Um tanque de provas do tipo reboque permite a realização de ensaios hidrodinâmicos com modelos em escala, sua presença é importante devido à possibilidade de obter características hidrodinâmicas que dimensionam a potência e qualidade do comportamento dos navios durante a sua operação, otimizando os projetos de forma particular ou geral, tanto para a navegação marítima, lacustre ou fluvial. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é estudar e propor uma metodologia para o dimensionamento e concepção de um tanque de reboque para o Serviço Industrial da Marinha (SIMA PERU), principal estaleiro do Peru, de maneira que possa realizar os ensaios hidrodinâmicos correspondentes aos diferentes tipos de embarcações produzidas pelo SIMA PERU. Como propósito de estudo será desenvolvido uma análise de um tanque de reboque que permitirá ensaiar modelos de diferentes tipos de embarcações, levando em consideração as diferentes condições ambientais e climáticas relacionadas ao litoral peruano em toda sua extensão, isto é, uma condição marítima equivalente a uma escala Beaufort 5. Estas são as condições que foram requeridas para atuar na costa peruana. Será proposto um tanque de reboque com características próprias, baseado no razoável dimensionamento dos modelos reduzidos e nas necessidades e requerimentos de ensaio de acordo às recomendações apresentadas pela Conferência Internacional de Tanques de Reboque (International Towing Tank Conference- ITTC). / A towing tank allows hydrodynamic testing with scale models, their presence is important because allows to obtain hydrodynamics characteristics that they measure the power and quality of behavior during the operation, optimizing the designs in general or particular form of vessels for sea, lake or river. The main objective of this research is to study and propose a method for sizing and development of a towing tank for the Naval Industrial Service; SIMA - PERU, main shipyard from Peru, so it carry out hydrodynamics tests corresponding to different types of vessels produced by SIMA - PERU. The purpose of study will be developed analysis of a towing tank that will test models of different types of vessels, taking into account the different environmental and climatic conditions related to the Peruvian coast, in other words, sea conditions equivalent to a Beaufort \"5\". These are the conditions that were required to act on the Peruvian coast. Will be offered a towing tank with its own characteristics, needs and requirements based on the consistent sizing of reduced models and according to the recommendations made by the International Towing Tank Conference - ITTC.

Um tanque de provas do tipo reboque permite a realização de ensaios hidrodinâmicos com modelos em escala, sua presença é importante devido à possibilidade de obter características hidrodinâmicas que dimensionam a potência e qualidade do comportamento dos navios durante a sua operação, otimizando os projetos de forma particular ou geral, tanto para a navegação marítima, lacustre ou fluvial. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é estudar e propor uma metodologia para o dimensionamento e concepção de um tanque de reboque para o Serviço Industrial da Marinha (SIMA PERU), principal estaleiro do Peru, de maneira que possa realizar os ensaios hidrodinâmicos correspondentes aos diferentes tipos de embarcações produzidas pelo SIMA PERU. Como propósito de estudo será desenvolvido uma análise de um tanque de reboque que permitirá ensaiar modelos de diferentes tipos de embarcações, levando em consideração as diferentes condições ambientais e climáticas relacionadas ao litoral peruano em toda sua extensão, isto é, uma condição marítima equivalente a uma escala Beaufort 5. Estas são as condições que foram requeridas para atuar na costa peruana. Será proposto um tanque de reboque com características próprias, baseado no razoável dimensionamento dos modelos reduzidos e nas necessidades e requerimentos de ensaio de acordo às recomendações apresentadas pela Conferência Internacional de Tanques de Reboque (International Towing Tank Conference- ITTC). / A towing tank allows hydrodynamic testing with scale models, their presence is important because allows to obtain hydrodynamics characteristics that they measure the power and quality of behavior during the operation, optimizing the designs in general or particular form of vessels for sea, lake or river. The main objective of this research is to study and propose a method for sizing and development of a towing tank for the Naval Industrial Service; SIMA - PERU, main shipyard from Peru, so it carry out hydrodynamics tests corresponding to different types of vessels produced by SIMA - PERU. The purpose of study will be developed analysis of a towing tank that will test models of different types of vessels, taking into account the different environmental and climatic conditions related to the Peruvian coast, in other words, sea conditions equivalent to a Beaufort \"5\". These are the conditions that were required to act on the Peruvian coast. Will be offered a towing tank with its own characteristics, needs and requirements based on the consistent sizing of reduced models and according to the recommendations made by the International Towing Tank Conference - ITTC.