Thesis ((MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa is experiencing similar problems as those occurring in other developing countries. Such problems include: large scale poverty; unequal regional development; inefficient policies; fragmented transport systems. The list goes on. This is largely due to apartheid policiesthat were implemented. After 1994 a series of new policies and programmes was implemented. Their aim was to eradicate apartheid planning; to provide equal and fair development for everyone and to stimulate and boost the economy. The Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) was the first policy of its kind, followed by the Growth, Employment and Redistribution programme (GEAR). The aim of these two policies was to stimulate the economy, especially in areas where there is a need for an economic boost. This ultimately led to programmes such as the Spatial Development Initiative (SDI); Local Economic Development and Export Processing Zones or as they are better known in South Africa, Industrial Development Zones. Programmes or initiative such as these were aimed at boosting the economy, providing employment and utilising resources in a region. This is the shift that has taken place in development planning, from traditional regional policies towards incentive driven policiesthat try to attract investment into under-developed regions. Programmessuch as Industrial Development Zones however have a long history, not all of it positive. These zones have been known as sweatshops and that they use child labour. The largest problem of these zones is that labour legislation is almost non-existent. In 2001 South Africa declared Coega the first Industrial Development Zone in the country. The zone will link to the Spatial Development Initiative programme that was implemented in 1996. An uproar followed when labour organisations such as COSATUlearned that the government is going to use Industrial Development Zones, which are similar to Export ProcessingZones, to stimulate the economy and to solve the problem of unemployment in specific areas of the country. However the labour legislation of South Africa will be applied in the Industrial Development Zones. That just leaves the problem of efficiency and effectiveness. Will these zones really address and solve the employment problems in South Africa? Zones such as those in Mauritius have been a success, but there are cases where the zones did not create employment and more money was spend on putting in the infrastructure and services in the zones, than was made in the zone. Time will be the judge in the case of Coega Industrial Development Zone. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika ondervind basies dieselfde probleme as wat ander onderontwikkelde lande ondervind. Die probleme sluit in: grootskaalse armoede; ongelyke streekontwikkeling; ondoeltreffende beleide. Die probleem spruit grootliks uit die apartheidsbeleide. Na 1994 is daar egter 'n reeks van nuwe beleide en programme geïmplementeer. Die beleide moes apartheidsbeplanning uitwis; moes gelyke ontwikkeling aan almal voorsien en die ekonomie stimuleer. Die Heropbou- en Ontwikkelingsprogram was een van die eerste beleide, en is gevolg deur die "Growth, Employment and Redistribution" program. Die twee beleide se doel was om die ekonomie te stimuleer, veral in gebiede waar daar 'n behoefte aan ekonomiese groei is. Dit het dan ook gelei tot programme soos "Spatial Development Initiatives", "Local Economic Development" and "Export Processing Zones" of soos wat dit in Suid-Afrika bekend staan "Industrial Development Zones". Programme of inisiatiewe soos die se doel is om die ekonomie van 'n streek te versterk, om werksgeleenthede te skep en om gebruik te maak van die hulpbronne in die spesifieke streek. Die programme het 'n groot verandering in ontwikkelingsbeplanning meegebring, vanaf tradisionele streekbeleide tot inisiatief-gedrewe beleide wat poog om beleggings in onderontwikkelde streke te versterk. Programme soos "Industrial Development Zones" het 'n lang geskiedenis, en nie almal is posititief nie. Hierdie sones het 'n algemene naam van "sweatshops" gekry waar kinderarbeid gebruik word. Die grootste probleem van hierdie sones is dat arbeidwetgewing gewoonlik nie toegepas word binne die sones nie. In 2001 is Coega as die eerste "Industrial Development Zone" verklaar in Suid Afrika. Die sone is verbind tot die "Spatial Development Initiative" programme wat geïmplementeerd is in 1996. Dit is egter sterk deur die arbeidsorganisasie COSATU veroordeel, toe hulle hoor dat die regering nou "Industrial Development Zones", wat basies dieselfde is as "Export Processing Zones", gaan gebruik om die ekonomie te stimuleer en die hoë werkloosheid in die land te verminder. Maar, in hierdie sones sal arbeid wetgewing toegepas word. Dit los net die probleem van effektiwiteit en doeltreffendheid. Gaan hierdie sones die werkloosheids probleem van Suid Afrika oplos? Sones soos in Mauritius was suksesvol, maar daar is egter talle ander wat nie werkgeleenthed geskep het nie en die uitgawes wat gemaak is om infrastruktuur en dienste in die sones te voorsien is veel hoër as die profyt wat gemaak is op die einde. Tyd sal leer in die Coega "Industrial Development Zone'.

Thesis (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Squatting is a form of informal settlement. These types of settlements can be found throughout South Africa and represent the attempts of the poor to provide themselves with housing. The conceptualisation of this phenomenon has undergone many changes during its history. There were times when these settlements were demolished and the inhabitants relocated to other areas. This type of approach was unsuccessful due to the extent of the problem and because the new housing that was being provided was unaffordable. A paradigm shift led to the fact that the upgrading of informal settlements is seen as an approach with a brighter future. During this process optimal use is made of the existing structures for example buildings, economic activities and social ties, within the community. The approach is adaptable to the needs and situations of individual communities. The sustainability of an upgrading project depends to a great extent on the enthusiasm and cooperation of the community that is going to benefit. Public participation can be a difficult process, especially in poor communities. This instrument can however yield great results in providing a product that is to the satisfaction of the community as a whole. During the course of this assignment the following conclusions were made from the material that was studied: • The success of upgrading programmes are highly depended on the enthusiasm of the communities that are going to benefit. • This enthusiasm is greatly increased by a process of community participation. • Upgrading must be seen as a multi-phase process. • Upgrading of informal settlements can play an important role in addressing the backlog that exists in affordable housing. • The need for an Informal Housing Act exists. From the case study the following conclusions were made: • The study presents many advantages, like providing the community with basic services and the right to property. • Further some disadvantages concerning intensification were identified. • These disadvantages can be addressed by providing smaller erven and street fronts as well as lower standards concerning residential uses. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Plakkery is In tipe informele nedersetting. Hierdie nedersettings kom op groot skaal in Suid Afrika voor en verteenwoordig die pogings van die armer lede van die samelewing om hulself met behuising te voorsien. Die konseptualisering van hierdie tipe behuising het deur die geskiedenis deur baie fases gegaan. Daar was tye gewees wat informele nedersettings bloot gesloop en die inwoners op ander plekke hervestig is. Hierdie tipe benadering was egter nie geslaagd nie, aangesien die probleem van plakkery te groot was en die nuwe behuising was in die meeste gevalle onbekostigbaar. In Paradigma skuif het daartoe bygedra dat daar nou eerder op die opgradering van sulke nedersettings gefokus word. Hierdie benadering fokus daarop om die bestaande elemente in die gemeenskap byvoorbeeld geboue, ekonomiese bedrywighede en sosiale ondersteuningsnetwerke optimaal te benut. Dit is In buigsame proses wat aanpas by die behoeftes en omstandighede van die individuele gemeenskappe. Die volhoubaarheid van In opgraderinsprojek is afhanklik van die entoesiasme en samewerking van die gemeenskap wat daardeur bevoordeel gaan word. Publieke deelname is In moeilike proses, veral in armer gemeenskappe. Dit kan egter baie waardevolle resultate lewer wanneer dit In prod uk tot gevolg het wat deur die hele gemeenskap aanvaar word. In die verloop van hierdie werkstuk is daar uit die bestudeerde materiaal die volgende resultate afgelei, naamlik dat: • Die sukses van opgraderings van informele nedersettings grootliks afhanklik is van die entosiasme en samewerking van die gemeenskappe wat deur die proses bevoordeel gaan word.Hierdie samewerking word grootendeels bevorder deur In proses van open bare deelname. • Opgradering moet gesien word as In multi-fase proses. • Opgradering van informele nedersettings kan In groot rol speel om die tekort aan bekostigbare behuising aan te spreek. • Die opstel van In Informele Behuisingswet nodig is. Uit die gevaliestudie is die volgende bevindings gemaak: • Die studie hou baie voordele, byvoorbeeld dorpstigting, eiendomsreg en die voorsiening van basiese dienste, vir die inwoners van die gebied in. • Behalwe die voordele is daar ook nadele, soos die feit dat die konsep van verdigting nie in ag geneem word nie, identifiseer. • Hierdie nadeel kan deur kleiner erwe en straatfronte en laer standaarde vir nie residensiete gebruike aangespreek word.

Thesis (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Of all the strategies available to help eradicate poverty and enhance the quality of life of people living in marginalized communities, the provision of a formal retail centre would not stand out as a number one strategy. Nevertheless, the Nomzamo Business Centre was built as part of a local economic development initiative to help local businesses to develop. The primary goal of this study was to establish whether the residents of Nomzamo perceived the development of the centre as a contributing factor towards improving the quality of their lives. Although the retail sector is well represented in these marginalized communities, in the form of spazas and other informal businesses, these businesses desperately lack the bearings of formality. The Nomzamo Business Centre provides a formal business premises at affordable rates, for local business people and gives them the opportunity to develop skills through business training courses and the provision of information. As the study concludes, the residents of Nomzamo perceived the centre as an enhancement towards their quality of live, even though many of them still do not make use of the centre. Established shopping habits are hard to brake especially if the centre does not provide any real magnetism. The centre failed to attract an anchor tenant and although Eskom's presence at the centre does provide some form of attraction, the benefits have not yet spilled over to the other shops. At this stage the Nomzamo Business Centre cannot be deemed a success. The centre fails to compete with local informal businesses. What is needed in most of these communities however is a change in the local economic structure. Local economies in most cases are retail based, with no or little representation in sectors like manufacturing. Although the Nomzamo Business Centre will not contribute much towards a more balanced local economy, it does provide the foundation for future changes to take place. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Van al die strategieë beskikbaar om te help met die uitwissing van armoede en die verbetering in die kwaliteit van lewe van mense wat in marginale gemeenskappe bly, sal die voorsiening van 'n formele kleinhandelsentrum beslis nie as 'n nommer een strategie bekend staan nie. Nogtans is die Nomzamo Besigheidsentrum, geleë tussen die Strand en Gordonsbaai, gebou as deel van 'n plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelingsinisiatief om plaaslike besighede te help ontwikkel. Die primêre doel van die studie was om vas te stel of die inwoners van Nomzamo, die ontwikkeling van die sentrum as 'n bydraende faktor in die verbetering van hul lewenskwaliteit waarneem. Alhoewel die kleinhandelsektor goed verteenwoordig is in die marginale gemeenskappe, in die vorm van spaza-winkels en ander informele besighede, ontbreek die besighede aan die nodige formaliteit. Die Nomzamo Besigheidsentrum bied 'n formele besigheidperseel teen bekostigbare tariewe vir plaaslike besighede en gee hulle die geleentheid om vaardighede te ontwikkel, deur kursusse in besigheidsopleiding en die voorsiening van informasie. Die studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat die inwoners van Nomzamo wel die sentrum as 'n verbetering in hul lewenskwaliteit waarneem, selfs al maak meeste van hulle steeds nie gebruik van die sentrum nie. Gevestigde inkopie gewoontes is moeilik om te verander, veral as die sentrum geen werklike aantrekking bied nie. Die sentrum het misluk in die poging om 'n anker huurder te lok en alhoewel Eskom se teenwoordigheid by die sentrum, 'n vorm van aantrekking bied, het die voordele van Eskom se teenwoordigheid nog nie na ander winkels oorgespoel nie. Op hierdie stadium kan die Nomzamo Besigheidsentrum nie as 'n sukses verklaar word nie. Die sentrum misluk om met plaaslike informele besighede mee te ding. Wat egter benodig word in die gemeenskappe is 'n verandering in die plaaslike ekonomiese struktuur. Plaaslike ekonomieë is in meeste gevalle op kleinhandel gebaseer, met min of geen verteenwoordiging in sektore soos vervaardiging nie. Alhoewel die Nomzamo Besigheidsentrum nie sal bydra tot 'n meer gebalanseerde plaaslike ekonomie nie, bied die sentrum 'n platform vir toekomstige veranderinge om op plaas te vind.

Thesis (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The provision of low-cost housing constitutes one of South Africa's biggest challenges. As a result, high density residential development, amid an ever increasing urban population in South Africa, is seen as the answer to address the housing problems by the authorities. The concept of densification presupposes, upon its implementation, the advantages of promoting an integrated urban system, more economical use of land, a better quality of life for the recipients, containing urban sprawl and the protection of the agricultural and natural resources. However, the application of the concept of high density development in low-cost housing has been criticised for failing to fulfil its main objectives which are intended to better the lives of the people. The hypothesis is that the concept of densification may impact negatively on the quality of family living. As a result, the main objective of this study is to seek statistical data which is related to quality of family living and to uncover the views and experiences of household members. To achieve this objective, a questionnaire, interviews and literature-based research method was adopted in this study. In addition, built housing models complemented the questionnaire. Since part of the government's high density development strategy is to expand the existing townships, the Langa township in the Western Province was chosen to conduct the study. The findings of this study revealed that the application of the concept of high density development in Langa has resulted in situations of overcrowding and noise, a lack of privacy, smaller housing structures and erven, a lack of space for children to play and adults to socialise and regular clashes between the residents and the authorities regarding these issues. Therefore, the hypothesis that although densification may have resulted in more housing units being built whilst at the same time impacting negatively on the quality of family living has been proven to be true by this study. However, this study has revealed the fact that although there is nothing inherently wrong with the concept of densification, the problem lies with the manner in which the concept is applied in South Africa. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die voorsiening van laekostebehuising vorm deel van Suid-Afrika se grootste uitdagings. Die resultaat is dat die ontwikkeling van woongebiede met hoë digthede deur die owerhede gesien word as een van die oplossings vir behuisingsprobleme van 'n steeds snelgroeiende stedelike bevolking. Met die toepassing van die konsep van verdigting word daar veronderstel dat die voordele van 'n geintegreerde stedelike stelsel, die ekonomiese gebruik van grond, beter lewensgehalte vir burgers, die beperking van stedelike uitgestrektheid en die beskerming van landbou- en natuurlike hulpbronne, verwesenlik sal word. Die toepassing van die konsep van verdigting in laekostebehuising word egter gekritiseer omdat dit tekortskiet in die primere doelwit wat daarop gemik is om die lewensgehalte van burgers te bevorder. Die hipotese is dat die konsep van verdigting gesinslewe en daarby die lewenskwaliteit van persone negatief kan beinvloed. Die doel van die studie is dus om statistiese data wat verband hou met die gehalte van gesinslewe , in te win ten einde sienswyses en ervarings van gesinne in laekoste woonbuurte te verwoord. Om hierdie doelwit te bereik, is 'n vraelys, onderhoude en 'n literatuurgebaseerde navorsingsmetode gevolg. Bykomende behuisingsmodelle het die vraelys gekomplementeer. Aangesien die regering se verdigtingstrategie vir ontwikkeling ten doel het om bestaande townships uit te brei, is Langa in die Wes-Kaap gekies as studiegebied. Die bevindinge van die studie toon aan dat die implementering van die konsep van die ontwikkeling van hoë digte, laekostebehuising oorbevolking en geraas, 'n gebrek aan privaatheid, kleiner huisstrukture en erwe, 'n gebrek aan speelplek vir kinders en onvoldoende plek vir volwassenes om te sosialiseer, teweeg gebring het - die toestande het tot gereelde botsings tussen die inwoners en owerhede gelei. Die studie bewys dus die hipotese dat hoewel verdigting tot die bou van meer behuisingseenhede gelei het, dit ook 'n negatiewe impak op die gehalte van gesinslewe meegebring het. Die studie bewys dat hoewel daar niks inherent met die konsep van verdigting verkeerd is nie, die probleem Iê in die manier waarop die konsep binne Suid-Afrika toegepas word.

Thesis (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Jonkershoek is a scenic valley situated on the south-eastern periphery of Stellenbosch in the Western Cape. The study area of around 62 square kilometres has a pleasant rural atmosphere that can be ascribed to a unique combination of cultural and natural elements. It is in the national interest that these characteristics be preserved for posterity. This study represents an investigation into the viability of the sustainable utilisation of the valley, for the benefit of current and future residents and visitors alike. Firstly, a study was made of different approaches in environmental ethics in an effort to find a frame of reference against which people make decision that impact on the environment. The regulatory and planning framework was assessed to establish whether it was sufficient to protect the environment and people. A population profile was compiled to form a picture of the socio-economic conditions in the valley. Finally, a survey was conducted by testing the needs and expectation of residents against several development and conservation issues. Practitioners from the planning field were also involved in this survey. Resource conservation and development seems to be the most appropriate ethical approach for sustainable development. However, sustainable utilisation will only be possible if a balance is found between economic efficiency, environmental integrity and human well-being. It has been established that sufficient measures are in place to protect people and the environment and that integrated development planning was instrumental in this regard. The biggest shortcoming was on economic level and this is reflected in the socio-economic gap between landowners and previously disadvantaged communities. The sustainable utilisation of the Jonkershoek valley is attainable, on condition that the identified shortcomings are addressed through the utilisation of existing and potential development and conservation opportunities. In this assignment a number of suggestions are made that could promote this process. The sustainable utilisation of the Jonkershoek valley is an attainable ideal that requires the dedication of the entire community. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Jonkershoek is 'n skilderagtige vallei suidoos van Stellenbosch in die Wes-Kaap. Die studiegebied, wat ongeveer 62 vierkante kilometer beslaan, het 'n aangenarne landelike atmosfeer wat toegeskryf kan word aan 'n buitengewone kombinasie van kulturele en natuurlike elemente. Dit is in nasionale belang dat hierdie kenmerke vir die nageslag bewaar word. In hierdie studie word ondersoek ingestel na die lewensvatbaarheid van die volhoubare benutting van die Jonkershoekvallei, tot voordeel van huidige en toekomstige inwoners en besoekers. Daar is eerstens gekyk na verskillende benaderinge in orngewingsetiek, in 'n soeke na 'n verwysingsraamwerk waarteen die mens besluite neem wat die omgewing raak. 'n Bevolkingsprofiel van die inwoners is saamgestel om 'n beeld te form van sosio-ekonorniese toestande in die vallei. Verder is gekyk of die wetlike en beplanningsraamwerk voldoende is om die omgewing te beskerm. 'n Opname is gemaak deur die verwagtinge en behoeftes van inwoners te toets aan die hand van verskeie ontwikkelings- en bewaringsvraagstukke. Praktisyns uit die beplanningsveld is ook betrek by die opname. Hulpbron bewaring en ontwikkeling blyk die mees toepaslike etiese vertrekpunt te wees vir volhoubare ontwikkeling. Volhoubare benutting is egter slegs moonlik indien 'n balans gevind kan word tussen ekonomiese doeltreffendheid, omgewings-integriteit en menslike welstand. Daar is bevind dat voldoende maatreels in plek is om die mens en die omgewing te beskerm en dat geintegreerde ontwikkelingsbeplanning instrumenteel is in hiedie opsig. Die grootste tekortkoming Ie op ekonomiese vlak en word veral gemanifesteer in 'n sosio-ekonomiese gaping tussen grondeienaars en voorheen benadeelde gemeenskappe. Die volhoubare benutting van die Ionkershoekvallei is wei haalbaar, op voorwaarde dat die ge"identifiseerde tekortkomige aangespreek word deur van bestaande en potensiele ontwikkelings- en bewaringsgeleenhede gebruik te maak. In hierdie werkstuk word 'n aantal voorstelle gemaak wat hierdie proses kan bevorder. Die volhoubare benutting van die Jonkershoekvallei is dus 'n haalbare ideaal maar vereis dat dit aktief nagesteef word deur die hele gerneenskap.

Os profundos e continuados avanços tecnológicos, em todas as esferas da sociedade contemporânea vêm proporcionando novas formas de produção, novos padrões de vida, isto é, uma profunda transformação na reprodução da própria sociedade, denunciando urgentes necessidades para a compreensão de diversos fenômenos trazidos por estas transformações, e em especial os responsáveis por novas características na configuração espacial. Neste sentido, entender a ‘mecânica’ da organização espacial, diante de um mundo globalizado, impulsionado pelas evoluções tecnico-científicas e informacionais, configuram a essência dos objetivos neste trabalho. Os chamados espaços inteligentes, imersos em um meio técnico, científico e informacional, ganham, destaque na busca pela percepção do espaço contemporâneo. Como se estruturam? Onde surgem? A quem e o que privilegiam? Estas são as principais questões a serem respondidas. Dentre as inúmeras respostas possíveis, apresentamos uma proposta de entendimento da configuração das cidades e regiões segundo à produção e o uso das tecnologias: espaços específicos, destinados à produção e à demanda tecnológica capazes de diferenciar as funções e estruturações urbanas e regionais. / Deep and continuous technological advances in whole aspects of the contemporary society have brought off new production ways, new patterns of life and a great change in the reproductive process of the society. It has demonstrated an urgent need to understand several facts that are direct causes of these actual changes, mainly those responsible for new patterns on the spatial configuration.In this way, we have intended to understand the logic of the spatial organisation in front of a world immersed in a globalisation process, which is leaded by the technical, scientific and informational development. The called intelligent spaces, beside a technical, scientific and informational milieu, have leaded the investigation about contemporary spatial configurations. How is its structure? Where is it emerging? Who and what it take advantages? These are some of the main questions to be answered now. Among possible answers, we have presented a proposal to understand the configuration of cities and regions in accord of the production and the use of technology: different urban and regional functions and configurations established by specific spaces producing and using high technology.

Os profundos e continuados avanços tecnológicos, em todas as esferas da sociedade contemporânea vêm proporcionando novas formas de produção, novos padrões de vida, isto é, uma profunda transformação na reprodução da própria sociedade, denunciando urgentes necessidades para a compreensão de diversos fenômenos trazidos por estas transformações, e em especial os responsáveis por novas características na configuração espacial. Neste sentido, entender a ‘mecânica’ da organização espacial, diante de um mundo globalizado, impulsionado pelas evoluções tecnico-científicas e informacionais, configuram a essência dos objetivos neste trabalho. Os chamados espaços inteligentes, imersos em um meio técnico, científico e informacional, ganham, destaque na busca pela percepção do espaço contemporâneo. Como se estruturam? Onde surgem? A quem e o que privilegiam? Estas são as principais questões a serem respondidas. Dentre as inúmeras respostas possíveis, apresentamos uma proposta de entendimento da configuração das cidades e regiões segundo à produção e o uso das tecnologias: espaços específicos, destinados à produção e à demanda tecnológica capazes de diferenciar as funções e estruturações urbanas e regionais. / Deep and continuous technological advances in whole aspects of the contemporary society have brought off new production ways, new patterns of life and a great change in the reproductive process of the society. It has demonstrated an urgent need to understand several facts that are direct causes of these actual changes, mainly those responsible for new patterns on the spatial configuration.In this way, we have intended to understand the logic of the spatial organisation in front of a world immersed in a globalisation process, which is leaded by the technical, scientific and informational development. The called intelligent spaces, beside a technical, scientific and informational milieu, have leaded the investigation about contemporary spatial configurations. How is its structure? Where is it emerging? Who and what it take advantages? These are some of the main questions to be answered now. Among possible answers, we have presented a proposal to understand the configuration of cities and regions in accord of the production and the use of technology: different urban and regional functions and configurations established by specific spaces producing and using high technology.

The study sought to establish the impact of LED strategies employed by the Inanda Ntuzuma KwaMashu Area Based Management program(INK ABM) in alleviating poverty in KwaMashu.The objectives of the study were: to identify aspects of poverty that has been reduced in KwaMashu; assess the extent poverty alleviation is influenced by demographic characteristics namely age sex and income in KwaMashu; to compare levels of poverty before and after the INK ABM in KwaMashu; to identify the positive and negative impacts of the LED strategies within the INK ABM in KwaMashu; to establish the effectiveness of the structures put in place in the INK ABM project in KwaMashu in achieving the ultimate goal of poverty alleviation, and to use the results to recommend further initiatives. The methodology used in the study to asses‘ impact was Poverty Social and Impact Assessment. The study revealed that LED strategies have had a significant impact in improving infrastructure and service delivery at KwaMashu town center and KwaMashu in general. LED strategies have had marginal impact in improving the income, assets indicators, human capabilities, market share and employment creation of SME‘s and residents in KwaMashu. Moreover the study revealed that there is a strong positive correlation between education levels and success of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs who have better skills can leverage themselves to LED strategies than those with poor skills. LED has had a marginal impact on poverty alleviation due a myriad of factors which reinforce and interact with each other thereby trapping entrepreneurs and residents in poverty. A major finding is that LED strategies in KwaMashu do not target all the segments of the poor in a meaningful way. As such the study suggests a new LED agenda in KwaMashu which is: holistic, targets all the segments of the poor, fosters skills development and consists of various investment packages which would ensure that poverty in its multidimensionality is alleviated. The study contributes to knowledge by developing a model LED cycle and the concept of clinical LED which can assist in translating policy into meaningful practice so that LED has a high impact on alleviating poverty. / Thesis (M.Sc.U.R.P.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.T.R.P.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.

Historically and to date, regional water services providers and municipalities have been undertaking their long-term planning in isolation. The only time there is an exchange of information is when water demands need to be met in the short-term and to date this focus has been around backlog alleviation. The fact that the long-term planning is being undertaken in isolation is undermining the objective of the Integrated Development Plan i.e. the co-ordination of development leading to an improvement in the quality of life for all. The purpose of this study was to identify the linkages between regional water service providers' water plans, the municipal Integrated Development Plans (IDPs) and Water Services Development Plans (WSDPs) with the goal of answering the following question: How can a regional water service provider's water planning process improve a municipal IDP process and how can a water service provider's water planning process benefit from a municipallDP process? To answer the research question, the study looked at the products and processes of the water plan, the IDPs and the WSDPs for Umgeni Water, The Msunduzi Municipality, Umgungundlovu District Municipality, Sisonke District Municipality, lIembe District Municipality, The KwaDukuza Municipality, uMshwathi Municipality and uMngeni Municipality. Comparing and contrasting the products of the different planning products for the study area, the following facets were investigated: the spatial location of investments/developments; how implementation was presented; demand projections and stakeholder participation. The study established that the preferred water planning process is Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) and not traditional water supply planning which has the master plan as its product. It was further established that both the IDP and IRP processes follow the strategic planning approach and therefore the generic steps in these processes are the same. The major difference between the two processes is the scale at which they occur. As the IRP process occurs over different municipal boundaries, it provides a check that alignment is occurring between the different municipalities at all levels of the project life-cycle. It was also established that alignment appears to be occurring at the conceptual/reconnaissance phases of the project lifecycle but it does not extend to the pre-feasibility, feasibility and implementation levels. Hence stakeholder co-ordination is critical for successful alignment but cannot be restricted to only forums; the relevant stakeholders should be part of the respective project teams for meaningful participation to occur. The overall conclusion was that a regional water service provider's IRP process can contribute to the successful accomplishment of an IDP. / Thesis (M.T.R.P.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2007.