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Faculty of Humanities School of Human and Community Development(phychology) 9402620f hmasitha@yahoo.com / Aims The study was based on the premise that the many children in South Africa had been subjected to a number of violent crimes. It was, therefore, assumed that these children would react negatively to the exposure to traumatic events. The researcher thus set out to determine the degree to which crime and other traumatic events were affecting children, particularly those living in the black townships. It was hypothesized that due to the level of violence and other traumatic events occurring in the townships on the one hand and children’s vulnerability on the other, there would be a heightened prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder. Method 797 children from 18 schools in Sebokeng Township, south of Johannesburg, were administered questionnaires to assess the presence of PTSD. While children were selected on the basis of age and availability, selection of schools was random. Children were administered the questionnaires in groups in their classrooms. The researcher, together with an aide was present in the administration in order to help children understand and answer the questions. Findings The study revealed a higher presence and prevalence of PTSD. Significant proportion of children reported to have been suffering from all PTSD criterion groups. Although there were gender differences in the proportion of children who met various PTSD criterion groups, no gender differences existed in the scores obtained by the children. Age was shown to have no relation to PTSD. Using the ANOVA, significant differences existed across schools.

M. Comm. / Entrepreneurship has a significant economic contribution in terms of employment, job creation and wealth creation that can be attributed to entrepreneurial enterprises (Bell, Callaghan, Demick & Scharf 2004:1). Entrepreneurial activity in any economy often takes place in the small- micro- and medium enterprise (SMME) business sector (Rwigema & Venter 2004:315). However, in the establishment of SMMEs, entrepreneurs encounter or perceive barriers that hinder the establishment, sustenance and growth of these important vehicles that are vital to the development of both society and the economy (Kunene 2008). The focus of this research study is therefore to identify barriers and perceived barriers to entrepreneurship. The study is exploratory and specifically attempts to identify and understand the barriers perceived and experienced by entrepreneurs in the township of Mamelodi in establishing, sustaining and growing enterprises.

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Drawing on the manuscript records of the Department of Crown Lands, its published reports, and case law, this thesis examines the illegal occupation of rural land, known as squatting in the Eastern Townships of Quebec in the period 1838 to 1866. By 1838, demographic pressure in the seigneuries, inflated land prices due to speculation, and inaccessible public land granting practices had made squatting a commonplace strategy for land acquisition. The responses to squatting of the Department of Crown Lands, the Legislature and the judiciary are analysed for what they implied about ideas of property in Lower Canada. / While the Department of Crown Lands' policy of pre-emption affirmed that squatters held rights to public land because they laboured to cultivate and improve it, the legislature refused to acknowledge that squatters could acquire such rights on private land; nine out of ten bills intended to ensure ejected squatters a systematically determined remuneration for improvements made by them on the private property of absentees failed to pass into law during the period. Most were rejected by the Legislative Council which defended the interests of landed wealth. / Lower Canadian courts, meanwhile, struggled to sort out laws relating to squatting. Ultimately they found that while squatters on private property owned their improvements, they had no right to the land itself. Thus the judiciary applied a bifurcated concept of property to rural land in Lower Canada despite the prevalence of liberal theories of absolute property rights during the nineteenth century.

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No description available.

No description available.

No description available.