No description available.

Thesis (M.D.)--Lausanne. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 31-32).

No description available.

No description available.

Trachoma is known to be a significant cause of blindness in Australia. It was brought into the public spotlight 30 years ago by Fred Hollows. Unfortunately public interest has waned and so have efforts to combat this terrible and painful blinding disease. The World Health Organization has set the goal of eliminating the disease by 2020. Unless momentum is soon gained in Australia, there is a very real risk that Australia will be the last country on earth where blinding trachoma remains. The importance of trachoma in the overall context of Indigenous health is constantly debated. We set out to evaluate the SAFE strategy, including the impact of a swimming pool. However the project soon changed course. This thesis shows that trachoma is still a major public health concern and a cause of significant visual morbidity. This thesis demonstrates that the A and F components of the SAFE strategy can be an effective intervention. This thesis reports on some of the barriers that are impeding the widespread implementation of SAFE within the Northern Territory of Australia. (For complete abstract open document)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1929. / Vita. Bibliography: p. 24-25.

This study concerned a primary health care approach to trachoma control in two Central Australian Aboriginal communities. The World Health Organization (WHO) has advocated that the best method to control trachoma is the SAFE strategy (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial hygiene, and Environmental improvements), and this approach was adopted. / The communities, Pipalyatjara and Mimili, with populations slightly less than 300 each, are located in the Anangu Pitjantjatjara (AP) lands of Central Australia, in the northwest corner of the South Australia territory. At Pipalyatjara, a full SAFE-type intervention was undertaken, with the ‘E’ component designed and implemented by the NHC (Nganampa Health Council Inc.). At Mimili, only a SAF-type of intervention was implemented. / Baseline data was gathered for 18 months from March 1999 through September 2000 (five visits to Pipalyatjara and four at Mimili), and included determining trachoma prevalence levels using the WHO system, facial cleanliness, and nasal discharge parameters. A trachoma health program was implemented at the end of this period and a one-time dose of azithromycin was given in September of 2000. The chief focus of the study was children under 15 years of age. / Improvements in road sealing, landscaping, and the creation of mounds were started to improve dust control. Concurrently, efforts were made in the houses of the residents to improve the nine healthy living practices, which were scored in two surveys, in March 1999 and August 2001. Trachoma prevalence, and levels of facial cleanliness and nasal discharge were determined at 3, 6, and 12 months following antibiotic administration. / In children less than 15 years of age, the pre-intervention prevalence level of TF (Trachoma Follicular) was 42% at Pipalyatjara, and 44% at Mimili. For the 1-9 year age group, the TF prevalence was 47% and 54% respectively. For TI (Trachoma Intense), the pre-intervention prevalence was 8% for Pipalyatjara, and 9% for Mimili. The TF prevalence, adjusted for clustering, and using only individuals present at baseline and follow-up (3, 6, and 12 months post-intervention), was 41.5%, 21.2%, 20.0%, and 20.0% at Pipalyatjara respectively. For Mimili, the corresponding prevalence figures were 43.5%, 18.2%, 18.2%, and 30%. / In the 1-9 year age group, a lower TF prevalence existed between the pre-intervention and 12-month post-intervention points at Pipalyatjara compared to Mimili. The TF prevalence after the intervention was also lower for males compared to females, when the cohorts were grouped by gender, rather than community. It is posited that reinfection was much higher at Mimili within this age group, however, in both communities, there appeared to be a core of females whose trachoma status did not change. This is speculated as mainly being caused by prolonged inflammation, though persistent infection C. Trachomatis cannot be ruled out. / Facial cleanliness and nasal discharge continued to improve throughout the intervention at both communities, but at the 3-month post-intervention point no longer became a good predictor of trachoma. / It is not known whether the improvements in the environment at Pipalyatjara were responsible for the reduction in trachoma prevalence 12 months after the intervention, relative to Mimili.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Centre for Eye Research Australia, 2005. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-169).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1966. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T16:51:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-05-17T16:54:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000858293.pdf: 2497641 bytes, checksum: 7003c9d5f09c9aba9b7ab05f3c28f684 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O tracoma ainda figura entre as grandes causas de cegueira do mundo, sendo a principal causa de cegueira evitável e a principal causa de cegueira corneana. No Brasil, por vários anos, acreditou-se que a doença havia sido erradicada, o que impediu seu ensino nas escolas médicas e diminuiu a busca ativa, aumentando o número de pessoas não tratadas e portadoras da doença. Além disso, os fatores que mantém a doença no meio ambiente precisam ser detectados para melhor controle da mesma. Diante destes fatos, desenvolveu-se este estudo com os objetivos de promover educação em saúde; prevenir a cegueira por tracoma detectando e tratando os casos da doença; descrever o perfil socioeconômico dos portadores da doença no município de Botucatu; pesquisar a presença de vetores da doença e da bactéria causadora de tracoma nesses vetores. Material e Métodos: Estudo transversal conduzido na cidade de Botucatu, estado de São Paulo - Brasil no ano de 2010. Um grupo composto por oito estudantes do curso de graduação em Medicina ou Enfermagem e duas agentes de saúde foi treinado por dois oftalmologistas para detectar e tratar o tracoma na população, segundo as recomendações da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). Após treinamento, foi realizado trabalho de campo, com exame de uma amostra aleatorizada de 3568 crianças, calculada baseando-se nos dados históricos da prevalência de tracoma em Botucatu e no número de crianças matriculadas no ensino fundamental das escolas municipais. A unidade primária de amostra foi a classe, examinado-se todas as crianças da classe sorteada. O diagnóstico foi clínico, com eversão palpebral à procura de folículos em conjuntivas tarsais superiores usando-se lupa binocular de 2,5 vezes de aumento e iluminação artificial (lanterna). As crianças com tracoma inflamatório foram tratadas com Azitromicina, 20 mg/kg de peso e visitadas em suas casas para aplicação de um questionário... / Trachoma still ranks among the major causes of blindness in the world, being the leading cause of preventable blindness and the leading cause of corneal blindness. In Brazil, for several years, it was believed that the disease had been eradicated, which prevented the searching and the teaching of the disease in medical schools and decreased the active search, increasing the number of untreated people and affected by the disease. Furthermore, the maintenance factors of the disease in the environment must be detected for its better control. Based on these facts, this study was developed with the objectives of promoting health education; prevent blindness from trachoma detecting and treating cases of the disease; describe the socioeconomic profile of disease carriers in Botucatu; search for the presence of vectors of the disease and for the bacterium which causes trachoma in these vectors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Botucatu, state of São Paulo - Brazil in 2010. A group of eight students from the graduation course in Medicine or in Nursing and two health workers was trained by two ophthalmologists to detect and how to treat trachoma in the population, according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). After training, a fieldwork was conducted by the exam of a random sample of 3568 children, calculated based on historical data of the prevalence of trachoma in Botucatu and on the number of children enrolled in primary education in municipal schools. The primary unit of the sample was the class, and all children from the selected class were examined. The diagnosis was clinical, with eyelid eversion looking for follicles on the superior tarsal conjunctiva by using a 2.5-fold increase binocular magnifier lenses and artificial light (flashlight). Children with inflammatory trachoma were treated with Azithromycin, 20 mg/kg of weight and visited at home for a socioeconomic questionnaire ...