Vladimír Lajsek: Chosen Relative Grounds for Dismissal of a Trademark Registration This topic is dealing with two chosen relative grounds of dismissal of a trademark registration, particularly with sec. 7 (1) (i) and sec. 7 (1) (j) statute No. 441/2003 Coll. The first part presents a general introduction in the whole issue, as with relative grounds for dismissal of a trademark registration and with proceeding on objections. Afterwards, there is described historical development of these provisions, which helped to their establishing into Czech legal order. The author finds, that these provisions were not established until convergence with the European law. Next parts are focusing on the particular provisions. The chapter about objection to the older copyright contains the role of the Czech Industrial Property Office in the proceedings of author crafts and their authorship. The Office should make its own conclusion in these circumstances, so it is not dependent on the binding decision of a court. In the issue of considering, whether particular mark is or is not an author craft, the author offers his own three-level-test of uniqueness, which is based on summarisation of the former decision-making of the Office. To the issue of the right to sue on grounds of this objection the author concludes, this...

Used long time, trademarks have fundamental paper to designate provenance of products or manufacturers, in addition to having vast importance in relations between companies and consumers because they act as a safety factor for both, facilitating the identification of products and companies. In Brazil, obtained regulation from the Decree 2682 of 1875, and are currently regulated by Law nº 9279 of May 14, 1996, his registration is held by the INPI, and comes to be considered the most important among the intellectual properties. The objectives of this study are to evaluate whether the companies from Sergipe promote the protection of their trademarks through registration and investigate the use of the registry gives satisfactorily or not, in order to perform a state panorama related to trademark registration for that is subsequently possible to trace actions and objectives to promote the culture of protection of trademarks. The sample searched was 761 companies from Sergipe, subdivided into 5 groups of classes of activities, named according to their relationship with their branches and denominated as follows: Construction, Foods, Confection and Graphic Services and the remaining are grouped in a class called Other Activities, with branches ratings less significant occurrences. Data were collected from consultations in the systems of Federal Revenue Department and the INPI, and data analysis was performed using a quantitative approach, showing that only 8.94% of the surveyed companies made filing applications for trademark registrations. Data were collected from consultations in the systems of Federal Revenue Department and the INPI, and data analysis was performed using a quantitative approach, showing that only 8.94% of the surveyed companies made filing applications for trademark registrations, where 31,97% are registered, the same 31.97% are filed or extinct and the others in progress. Also showing an average of 8.62 years for the application to be made by the companies, counted from the year they were open, the prevalence of applications of trademarks of products, the branch of Construction with the worst numbers among business segments and Individual Entrepreneurs with worse outcomes between the legal natures of the companies analyzed. / Utilizadas há muito tempo, as marcas possuem papel fundamental para designar procedência de produtos ou fabricantes, além de possuir vasta importância nas relações entre as empresas e os consumidores pois agem como um fator de segurança para ambos, facilitando a identificação dos atributos dos produtos e das empresas. No Brasil, obtiveram regulamentação a partir do Decreto nº 2.682, de 1875, e atualmente são regidas pela Lei nº 9.279, de 14 de maio de 1996, seu registro é realizado pelo INPI, e chega a ser considerada a mais importante entre as propriedades intelectuais. Os objetivos deste estudo são avaliar se as empresas sergipanas promovem a proteção de suas marcas através do registro, e investigar se a utilização do registro se dá de forma satisfatória ou não, no intuito de realizar um panorama estadual relacionado ao registro de marcas para que, posteriormente, seja possível traçar ações e objetivos para promover a cultura de proteção às marcas. A amostra pesquisada foi de 761 empresas sergipanas, subdivididas em 5 grupos de ramos de atividades, denominados de acordo com sua relação com seus ramos e denominados da seguinte maneira: Construção, Alimentos, Confecção e Serviços Gráficos e as demais agrupados no grupo designado Outras Atividades, com classificações de ramos com ocorrências menos expressivas. Os dados foram coletados a partir de consultas nos sistemas da Receita Federal e do INPI, e a análise dos dados foi realizada com abordagem quantitativa, demonstrando que apenas 8,94% das empresas pesquisadas realizaram pedido de registro de marca, estando 31,97% registrados, os mesmos 31,97% arquivados ou extintos e os demais em andamento. Evidenciando, ainda, uma média de 8,62 anos para o pedido de registro ser efetuado pelas empresas, contados do ano em que foram abertas, a prevalência de pedidos de registro de marcas de produtos, o ramo da Construção com os piores números entre os ramos de atividades e os Empresários Individuais com os piores resultados entre as naturezas jurídicas das empresas analisadas.

隨著社會經濟的不斷發展，社會物質精神文化生活的不斷豐富，人們可以越來越容易的購買到自己喜歡的衣服，特別是廣大愛美的女生。現如今中國大陸市場上充斥著各種名稱的女裝品牌，本文的研究對象正是這些消費者可以輕而易舉的接觸到的女裝品牌。 本研究通過對商標的基本解釋、意義與類型的歸納，商標註冊保護程序與要件的列舉，綜合分析目前中國大陸商標的註冊與保護概況。在對女裝品牌相關的文獻進行綜述和總結之後，通過資料檢索、統計分析、判決分析等方式，利用網路平台並在不同網路平台中查找那些關於中國大陸常見的女裝品牌。再通過中國大陸商標局檢索出與這些女裝品牌相關的商標註冊情況，這些註冊情況涵蓋了註冊時間、註冊申請人、註冊公告時間、商標專用權期限等，本論文針對這些信息進行整理、分析和總結，得出有關中國大陸女裝品牌的商標概況。通過在中國裁判文書網，檢索商標名稱以及對應的商標申請人的法律判決狀況，以篩選出的女裝品牌為代表，了解目前中國大陸女裝品牌的商標相關的法律問題。最後本論文結合淘寶網品牌總銷量的相關情況，綜合分析商標註冊的多寡對於這些女裝品牌的銷量和該些女裝品牌註冊商標的爭議之間的影響狀況，總結出女裝品牌商標註冊與保護問題的相關建議。 / With the development of society, people can gain more goods they need than before, like some beautiful clothes, especially for women. And nowadays there are many women’s clothing brands exist in the market of China, this article is based on this phenomenon and focus on the brands of women’s clothing which people can easily buy. In this article, the author interpret and define what brand and what women’s clothing brand is. Also, the author will illuminate how to register a trademark in China, and what protection Chinese government and Chinese trademark related laws offer, meanwhile the writer will collect and select the existing women’s clothing brands by searching different information from the internet. Then the writer will search these brands from “Trademark Office of The State Administration For Industry & Commerce of the People’s Republic of China”, collect these brands’ registrant, registration time, publication time, the period of their exclusive rights and so on. The writer will focus on the information above, try to reorganize and analyze the information mentioned above and draw some conclusions from that. The author will search the trademark-related judgment of these selected brands by “China Judgements Online”, as well as collect the sales volume of these brands by “Taobao”. At last the author will use the software of “Excel” and “R” to analyze the data above. After doing all the things above, the author will draw a conclusion and could give some related suggestion on the topic of the registration and protection of the trademarks’ status in China from women’s clothing brands.