Saudi society is undergoing dramatic social transformation, brought about by rapid industrialisation and massive urbanisation. In this period of haste, home environments have experienced significant changes. There was a strong temptation by architects to pick Western houses designs off-the-shelf and by occupants to furnish their houses with modern imported furniture. A surplus economy made such 'shopping' possible. But while the Saudi society was transforming it would be an over simplification to term it `Westernising'. The new home environment leads us to question: how does modern furniture relate to the present-day Saudi family? Does modern furniture hinder or support Saudis' cultural values and identity? The aim of this study is to identify the influence of the use and meaning of modern furniture on the home environment in Jeddah. The study examines the home environment as a system within which constituents communicate continuously to reach different stages of compatibility. People communicate to furniture by using it and shaping its form, and furniture communicates to people by conveying how it is used and what it stands for (meaning). A model of nine stages has been developed to identify the possible relationships between form, use and meaning. The model is then used to analyse r, the relationship between occupants and furniture in both the traditional and contemporary home environment. The methodology of the study is qualitative. The data collection includes in-depth interviews with older women who lived in the traditional houses of Jeddah and housewives in contemporary houses, house floor plans, site and museums visits, a literature review, statistical data of furniture and appliances imported to Saudi Arabia, and other data related to social changes in Saudi Arabia. It has been found that traditional furniture was highly compatible with use, values and occupants' expression of identity. Modern furniture was introduced mainly for its meaning function and was incompatible with cultural values. Because cultural values have resisted change, some traditional furniture is still used and new local furniture was developed. This has led to an increase in the number of rooms, as some are used to express identity while others are used to maintain activities driven by traditional values.

The subject of this thesis is House No: 1 in Zenginler District B&uuml / y&uuml / k &Ccedil / ikmaz in Antakya. It is a remarkable example of traditional houses dating back to 19th century in Antakya. The aim of this study is to prepare the restoration project of the building which is far too important for the city with its location, richness of its spatial and architectural elements, interventions have been done and provide to maintain its role in the city by re-functioning it. The thesis includes the detailed description of the present state of the site and the selected building, historical background of Antakya, comparative study and restitution scheme. Finally, the restoration project including the intervention decisions and a proposal for a new function are prepared according to the evaluation of the information gathered throughout the study. There are several steps to prepare the restoration project of a traditional building. The first step is the historical research of both the selected building and the city where it is located. It is important, as it constitutes a background for the study. In the second step of the project, the preparation of the complete graphical and verbal information of the building to the document the present conditions of it. Site survey is the base for this step. After all the information is gathered at the site, they are presented by graphical and verbal ways. Documentation includes the analyses of the building in various aspects like materials, construction technique and deformations. The third step is the comparative study of the building between the same period traditional Antakya houses. These analyses are not only important for the position of the building in Antakya but also form a base for the restitution project. The fourth step restitution consists of evaluation of traces to grasp the alterations done on the original building and thus it can be possible to establish the original scheme of the building. In the last step, the restoration project is prepared. It covers the interventions that should be applied to the building and the proposal for the new function.

The subject of the thesis is construction techniques of four traditional Ormana Houses within the wider context of Akseki Region vernacular architecture. The thesis analyses the appropriate methodology and approach for a documentation of construction techniques and details of the traditional houses. As such, it includes the necessary research and analysis that would provide the base for coherent restoration principles and decisions. The thesis includes the historical background of Ormana, detailed description of the present state details of the houses supported by survey drawings, photographs and visual analysis of the traditional Ormana Houses.

The subject of the thesis is Yenig&uuml / n and &Ccedil / arboga Houses within the wider context of Sirince houses and Aegean Region vernacular architecture. The thesis analyses the appropriate methodology and approach for a restoration project. As such, it includes the necessary research and analysis that would provide the base for coherent restoration principles and decisions. The thesis includes the historical background of Sirince, detailed description of the present state of the buildings and their surroundings (supported by survey drawings, photographs and visual analysis), comparative study of the buildings within Sirince and the Aegean Region, restitution scheme, and the restoration project including the restoration principles, interventions and the proposal for the future function of the buildings.

ABSTRACT THE ROLE OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN THE MAINTENANCE AND SIMPLE REPAIR PROCESSES OF CULTURAL HERITAGE CASE STUDY: SiVRiHiSAR &Ccedil / eltik Sahlan, Kevser M.S. in Restoration, Department of Architecture Supervisor: Assoc.Prof. Dr. Emre Madran May 2007, 110 pages Turkey has a rich cultural heritage and traditional houses. However, this heritage is under the danger of extinction due to several reasons. On of the most important reason is not being able to make simple repair and maintenance of these buildings. Actually, to leave this heritage to future generations the most effective and low cost method for conserving traditional buildings is the simple repair and maintenance. In Turkey, the responsibility and authority of simple repair and maintenance is delegated to local administrations by the law of Conservation of Cultural and Natural Heritage no 2863 amended by law no 5226. According to this law Conservation Implementation Control and Education Bureaus (KUDEB) is the responsible organ in municipalities for simple repair and maintenance. In this thesis, in the light of current regulations KUDEB&amp / #8217 / s tasks in simple repair and maintenance together with functioning points. Later, a model was proposed regarding the functioning and financing of simple repair and maintenance in order to fill these missing points. Moreover, these proposals were tested in Sivrihisar scale and illustrated on the facades of Sivrihisar Houses.

Thesis (M. A. (African Languages)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015 / The purpose of this study is to analyse the building, use and caring of traditional Tsonga houses. Data was collected by means of interviews. An interview is an instrument of collecting information by asking the participants questions. The participants of this study were male and female Tsonga elders. The research area of this study is Ndhambi, Mageva, Maphata and Makhuva villages, which are found in the Mopani District of Limpopo Province. This study attempts to answer the following questions:  How were traditional Tsonga houses built?  What were traditional Tsonga houses used for?  How were traditional Tsonga houses cared and repaired?  Why are the causes of gradual disappearance of Tsonga culture? The findings of this study revealed that men and women were responsible for building traditional houses and they were assisted by their female and male children. The type of houses built was rondavels without windows and they used poles, grass, stones, water and soil for building the houses. They decorated the walls of the traditional houses with clay and black and red soil mixed with dung. Traditional houses were taken care of and repaired by men and women assisted by their children using equipments such as poles, reeds, grass and soil which were collected in the veld. They used the houses for sleeping, cooking, girls initiation and worshipping of their forefathers. Lastly, The Tsonga nation is no more building the traditional houses because they have been influenced by foreign cultures to abandon their own culture. KEY CONCEPTS Houses, traditional, role, building, care of, decoration, men, women, boys, girls.

Un modèle simplifié aux éléments finis a été proposé pour l'analyse des structures à ossature bois avec remplissage en pierres et mortier de terre en utilisant des modèles de comportement hystérétique pour les assemblages et certains éléments structuraux. Trois échelles différentes ont été définies pour l'identification et la validation des modèles hystérétiques: celle de l'assemblage, celle du mur de cisaillement et enfin celle de la structure complète en vraie grandeur. Le modèle calibré a été utilisé pour vérifier la correcte résistance aux séismes d'une maison traditionnelle Haïtienne à un étage ainsi que pour concevoir un exemple de bâtiment à deux étages utilisant les mêmes dispositifs constructifs. / A simplified finite element model was proposed for the analysis of timber-framed structures with infilling of rocks and clay morter by using hysteretic constitutive models for joints and structural elements. Three different scales were defined for the identification and validation of hysteretic models: connection, shear wall and full-scale building; comparisons of numerical and test results were performed at each scale. The calibrated model allowed assessing the earthquake-resistant performance of a traditional Haitian one-storey house and could be used for the design of a two-storey house.

<p>The aim of this study is to analyze different types of traditional and contemporary homes in three different geographical areas in Libya &ndash; the coastal region (Tripoli), the mountainous region (Gharyan), and the desert region (Ghadames) &ndash; in terms of the suitability of cultural, social and climatic conditions, as well as to investigate how to take advantage of the traditional elements of single family housing in contemporary design solutions. The study includes the analyses on the impact of construction, planning guidance for building, construction materials, structure, distribution of internal arrangements and their function, roof, and openings, followed by conducting a field survey of the houses from home and abroad, and finally, taking pictures of houses and interviewing the residents of those homes.</p> / <p>Циљ студије је да анализира различите типове традиционалних и савремених кућа у три различита географска подручја у Либији - оне на приморју (Триполи), у планинској области (Гхариан), и у пустињском терену (Гадамес) - у смислу прилагодљивости изграђених структура културним, друштвеним и климатским условвима, као и да се испита како се користе традиционални елементи породичног становања у дизајнерским решењима савремених објеката. Студијом су обухваћени и анализирани различити утицаји који делују на породичне куће почев од планирања, градње, структуре објеката, коиршћење грађевински материјала, унутрашње уређење, отворе, конструкцију и коришћење крова... Спроведено је истраживање на терену кућа из Либије и примера из иностранства, сликани су и исцртани објекти који су укључени у анализу, и разговарало се са корисницима кућа ради јаснијег сагледавања услова које пружају.</p> / <p>Cilj studije je da analizira različite tipove tradicionalnih i savremenih kuća u tri različita geografska područja u Libiji - one na primorju (Tripoli), u planinskoj oblasti (Gharian), i u pustinjskom terenu (Gadames) - u smislu prilagodljivosti izgrađenih struktura kulturnim, društvenim i klimatskim uslovvima, kao i da se ispita kako se koriste tradicionalni elementi porodičnog stanovanja u dizajnerskim rešenjima savremenih objekata. Studijom su obuhvaćeni i analizirani različiti uticaji koji deluju na porodične kuće počev od planiranja, gradnje, strukture objekata, koiršćenje građevinski materijala, unutrašnje uređenje, otvore, konstrukciju i korišćenje krova... Sprovedeno je istraživanje na terenu kuća iz Libije i primera iz inostranstva, slikani su i iscrtani objekti koji su uključeni u analizu, i razgovaralo se sa korisnicima kuća radi jasnijeg sagledavanja uslova koje pružaju.</p>