published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Mechanical Engineering / Master / Master of Science in Engineering

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / abstract / Transport Policy and Planning / Master / Master of Arts in Transport Policy and Planning

Wong Chun Yin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-143). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xv / LIST OF ACRONYMS --- p.xvi / Chapter CHAPTER ONE - --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Research background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Urban park functions and challenges --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Urban park acoustic environment --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Urban Parks in Hong Kong --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- Conceptual framework and research objectives --- p.7 / Chapter 1.5 --- Research significance --- p.9 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO - --- LITERATURE REVIEW / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- Changing approach in managing noise problem in living environment: from noise control to soundscape planning --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Noise control: sound (noise) as a waste to avoid --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Soundscape planning: sound as a resource to utilize --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Soundscape as a guiding principle --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- The importance of soundscape --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Criteria for soundscape planning --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.5.1 --- Sound intensity and quietness --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.5.2 --- "Sound source, soundscape clarity and sound preference" --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.5.3 --- "Sound information content, sound-image congruence and acoustic masking" --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.5.4 --- Acoustic comfort --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.5.5 --- Acoustic objectives --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- From soundscape planning to environmental design --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3 --- Impact of road traffic noise on human --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Detection of road traffic noise --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Response to road traffic noise --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Reaction to noise --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Physiological response --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.2.3 --- Behavioural response --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.2.4 --- Cognitive response --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Moderating factors for road traffic noise impact --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Auditory masking --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Visual screening --- p.26 / Chapter 2.4 --- Previous studies on urban park soundscape --- p.27 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Focus on sound intensity --- p.27 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Sound as a resource to utilize --- p.28 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Recommendations on park design --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Research gaps --- p.31 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE - --- METHODOLOGY / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2 --- Site selection --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3 --- Characterizing urban park soundscape --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Identification of sound source --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Field Measurement of Sound intensity and frequency spectrum --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Contribution from road traffic noise --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Questionnaire design to study human perception --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Sampling strategy --- p.47 / Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.48 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR - --- SOUNDSCAPE OF URBAN PARKS IN HONG KONG / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.50 / Chapter 4.2 --- Sound source --- p.50 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Mechanical sounds --- p.57 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Natural sounds --- p.57 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Man-made sounds --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Soundscape clarity --- p.59 / Chapter 4.3 --- Sound Intensity --- p.63 / Chapter 4.4 --- Contribution from road traffic noise to urban park sound intensity --- p.66 / Chapter 4.5 --- Frequency spectrum --- p.73 / Chapter 4.6 --- Effect of topographic variations --- p.76 / Chapter 4.7 --- Conclusion --- p.82 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE - --- PARK VISITOR'S PERCEPTION ON URBAN PARK SOUNDSCAPE / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.84 / Chapter 5.2 --- Urban park noisiness --- p.84 / Chapter 5.3 --- Sound source --- p.85 / Chapter 5.4 --- Sound preference --- p.87 / Chapter 5.5 --- Effect of park size --- p.93 / Chapter 5.6 --- Effect of park function --- p.94 / Chapter 5.7 --- Effect of fountain --- p.95 / Chapter 5.8 --- Perceived importance of tranquility --- p.96 / Chapter 5.9 --- Conclusion --- p.101 / Chapter CHAPTER SIX - --- IMPLICATIONS OF RESEARCH FINDINGS ON URBAN PARK SOUNDSCAPE DESIGN / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.102 / Chapter 6.2 --- Soundscape of urban parks in Hong Kong: undesirable yet being adapted… --- p.102 / Chapter 6.3 --- Enhancing soundscape identity of urban parks --- p.103 / Chapter 6.4 --- Small parks --- p.104 / Chapter 6.5 --- Large parks --- p.107 / Chapter 6.6 --- Conclusion --- p.109 / Chapter CHAPTER SEVEN - --- CONCLUSION / Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.110 / Chapter 7.2 --- Summary of findings --- p.110 / Chapter 7.3 --- Limitations of the research --- p.115 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- Park visitor's aspiration for desirable soundscape --- p.115 / Chapter 7.4 --- Further studies for designing a desirable urban park soundscape --- p.116 / APPENDIX ONE --- p.118 / APPENDIX TWO --- p.122 / REFERENCES --- p.137

Chan Wai Yip. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 210-227). / Acknowledgments --- p.1 / Summary --- p.3 / Table of Contents --- p.5 / List of Figures --- p.11 / List of Tables --- p.14 / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.17 / Chapter 1.1 --- Objectives of the Study --- p.17 / Chapter 1.2 --- The Uniqueness of Hong Kong --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3 --- The Selection of Tsuen Wan --- p.19 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Conceptual Background --- p.23 / Chapter 2.1 --- Review of Traffic Noise Research in Foreign Countries --- p.23 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Urban Noise Surveys --- p.23 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Traffic Noise Characteristics --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Traffic Noise and Sleep Disturbance --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Noise Events --- p.29 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Noise Environment by Multiple Noise Sources --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- Urban Form and Noise Exposure --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2 --- Review of Noise Research in Hong Kong --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Noise Survey --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Noise Exposure and Response --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Attenuation of Noise --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Annoyance Produced by Different Vehicle Types --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Noise Mitigation Measures --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3 --- Research Issues in Hong Kong --- p.40 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Noise Exposure Level of Public Housing Estates and Old Urban Area --- p.40 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Indoor Noise Level --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Frequency Analysis of Road Traffic Noise at Receiver --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Noise Event Analysis --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Noise Emitter Identification --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- Comparison of Measured Noise Levels with Critical Load for Sleep Disturbance --- p.44 / Chapter 2.3.7 --- Noise Exposure Levels of Dwellings Built at Different Times --- p.45 / Chapter 2.3.8 --- Road Traffic Noise and Urban Form --- p.45 / Chapter 2.4 --- Significance of the Research --- p.46 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Methodology --- p.49 / Chapter 3.1 --- Broad Framework --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2 --- Noise Exposure --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Prediction Method --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Receptor Oriented Approach --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Choice of Target Areas --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Validation of Prediction Results by Field Measurement --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Comparison of Measured and Predicted Noise Level --- p.67 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- "The Noise Exposure Level of the Sampled Dwellings in Tsuen Wan, with Comparison with Other Countries and Other Parts of Hong Kong" --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3 --- Variation of Noise Exposure among Housing Estates --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Criteria for Comparison --- p.70 / Chapter 3.4 --- Traffic Noise Effect on Urban Population --- p.73 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- 24-hour Noise Environment --- p.73 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Site Selection --- p.74 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- 24-hour Facade Noise Level --- p.77 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Late Night Indoor Noise Level and Video Recording --- p.79 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Frequency Analysis of Noise Events --- p.82 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Noise Exposure of Tsuen Wan Residents --- p.85 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.85 / Chapter 4.2 --- Comparison of Noise Exposure Level of the Sampled Dwellings in Tsuen Wan with Hong Kong Traffic Noise Guideline --- p.85 / Chapter 4.3 --- Frequency Distribution of Noise Exposure Level of the Sampled Dwellingsin Tsuen Wan --- p.87 / Chapter 4.4 --- Comparison of Noise Exposure of the Sampled Dwellings in Tsuen Wan with Dwellings in Australia and England --- p.90 / Chapter 4.5 --- Comparison of Noise Exposure of Dwellings in Tsuen Wan With Previous studies in Hong Kong --- p.93 / Chapter 4.6 --- Variations in Noise Exposure Level among Housing Clusters --- p.96 / Chapter 4.7 --- Conclusion --- p.97 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Factors Affecting Traffic Noise Exposure in Different Housing Clusters --- p.106 / Chapter 5.1 --- Comparison of Noise Exposure Level of Dwellings Built at Different Times …… --- p.106 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Classification of Dwellings According to the Time of Construction --- p.106 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Discussion --- p.112 / Chapter 5.2 --- "Noise Exposure Level of Private, Public Housing and Village Houses" --- p.113 / Chapter 5.3 --- Noise Exposure and Urban Form --- p.121 / Chapter 5.4 --- Variation of Noise Level with Elevation for Dwellings Built at Different Times --- p.128 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Variation of Noise Level with Height for Dwellings Built Mostly in the 50's and 60´ةs --- p.130 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Variation of Mean Noise Exposure Level with Height for Dwellings Builtin the 70's and Early 80's --- p.133 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Variation of Noise Level with Elevation for Dwellings Built after 1985 --- p.134 / Chapter 5.4.4 --- Discussion --- p.135 / Chapter 5.5 --- Variation of Noise Level with Elevation for Nine Individual High-rise Housing Estates --- p.137 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Acoustical Shadow by Podium --- p.140 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- Elevated Road Surface --- p.141 / Chapter 5.5.3 --- Acoustical Shadow by A Depressed Road Cut into a Hill --- p.143 / Chapter 5.5.4 --- Sudden Increase of Mean LA10 at High Levels at Belvedere Garden and Waterside Plaza --- p.144 / Chapter 5.6 --- Conclusion --- p.146 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Effect of Traffic Noise on Urban Population --- p.148 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.148 / Chapter 6.2 --- Diurnal Variation of LA10，LA90 and LAeq --- p.149 / Chapter 6.3 --- Comparison of Hourly Facade LA10 with Hong Kong Traffic Noise Guideline --- p.154 / Chapter 6.4 --- Comparison with 24-hour Noise Standards --- p.156 / Chapter 6.5 --- 24-hour Outdoor Noise Climate --- p.157 / Chapter 6.6 --- Outdoor-indoor Noise Attenuation --- p.163 / Chapter 6.6.1 --- "Outdoor-indoor Attenuation of LA10，LA90, LAeq and LAmax" --- p.163 / Chapter 6.6.2 --- "Outdoor-indoor Attenuation of LA10 - LA90, LA10 - LAeq and LAmax - LA90" --- p.165 / Chapter 6.7 --- Road Traffic Noise Related Sleep Disturbance --- p.167 / Chapter 6.7.1 --- Facade Noise Level --- p.167 / Chapter 6.7.2 --- Indoor Noise Level --- p.171 / Chapter 6.7.3 --- Noise Event Analysis --- p.176 / Chapter 6.7.4 --- Frequency Analysis of Noise Events --- p.182 / Chapter 6.8 --- Noise Emitters --- p.187 / Chapter 6.9 --- Conclusion --- p.193 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.195 / Chapter 7.1 --- Major Findings --- p.195 / Chapter 7.2 --- Research Significance --- p.198 / Chapter 7.3 --- Limitation --- p.199 / Chapter 7.4 --- Implications for Traffic Noise Control Measures --- p.200 / Chapter 7.5 --- Areas for Future Research --- p.202 / Appendix - Roadnoise --- p.204 / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.204 / Chapter 2 --- "A Brief Overview of Roadnoise, DoE and CRTN88" --- p.204 / Chapter 3 --- The Input Variables --- p.205 / Chapter 4 --- The Calculation Procedure --- p.206 / Chapter 5 --- The Accuracy of CRTN88 --- p.206 / Chapter 5.1 --- General Accuracy of DoE and CRTN88 --- p.207 / Chapter 5.2 --- "The Accuracy of DoE when Wind, Barriers or Shielding is present" --- p.208 / References --- p.210

by Shu-Pan Yu. / Thesis submitted in: November 2001. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.I / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.V / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.VI / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.IX / LIST OF TABLES --- p.X / LIST OF PLATES --- p.X / ABBREVIATIONS --- p.XI / Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Objective --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Environmental Impact Assessment of Roads --- p.3 / Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- BACKGROUND TO STUDY --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1. --- Introduction --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2. --- Road SEA VIS-A-VIZ Project EIA --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Introduction and Definition of SEA of Road Network --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- SEA as an Improvement on EIA system --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.3. --- The Environmental Indicators of Road Project EIA and SEA --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.4. --- SEA Approaches --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.5. --- The SEA Process --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3. --- Methodologies and Tools for SEA --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.1. --- Needs for Tailor-made SEA Tools --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Desirable Attributes of SEA Assessment Tools --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4. --- Difficulties and Constraints of Road Building in Hong Kong --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.1. --- Traffic Noise Problems in Hong Kong --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4.2. --- Noise Emission vs Noise Immission Assessment --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4.3. --- Ecological Resources in Hong Kong --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5. --- Environmental Assessment Systems in Hong Kong --- p.28 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Noise Assessment in Project EIAs --- p.28 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Difficulties in Transposing Project EIA Noise Prediction Methodology to SEA --- p.29 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Road Project Ecological Assessment --- p.30 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Need for Proactive Nature Conservation --- p.30 / Chapter 2.5.5 --- SEA Systems in Hong Kong --- p.31 / Chapter 2.6. --- Use of Geographical Information System (GIS) as a Platform --- p.35 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Potentials and Advantages of GIS Approach --- p.36 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Limitations of GIS --- p.40 / Chapter 2.7. --- Summary --- p.42 / Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY --- p.44 / Chapter 3.1. --- Introduction --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2. --- Noise Impacts --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- Previous Overseas Experience of Strategic Noise Assessment Using GIS --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Development of An Appropriate Assessment Methodology for Hong Kong --- p.48 / Chapter 3.3. --- Ecological Impacts --- p.68 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- Past Experience of Strategic Ecological Assessment (SEcA) Using GIS --- p.70 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- Assessment Methodology of Strategic Ecological Assessment --- p.72 / Chapter 3.4. --- Land Acquisition Assessment --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4.1. --- Assessment Method --- p.79 / Chapter 3.5. --- Summary --- p.79 / Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- SYSTEM DESIGN --- p.81 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.81 / Chapter 4.2 --- System Overview --- p.81 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Functions of the System --- p.84 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Design Features of the System --- p.84 / Chapter 4.3 --- System Software --- p.87 / Chapter 4.4 --- System Structure --- p.88 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Base Maps Insertion --- p.88 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Traffic Data Input --- p.92 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Noise Assessment --- p.93 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Ecological Assessment --- p.105 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Land Acquisition Assessment --- p.111 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- Summary of Overall Impacts --- p.113 / Chapter 4.4.7 --- Comparison of Options --- p.114 / Chapter 4.5 --- Summary --- p.115 / Chapter CHAPTER 5. --- APPLICATION OF THE SYSTEM : A PILOT STUDY --- p.116 / Chapter 5.1. --- Introduction --- p.116 / Chapter 5.2. --- The Crosslinks Project --- p.116 / Chapter 5.2.1. --- The Project Area - North-west New Territories --- p.117 / Chapter 5.2.1.1. --- Urban Development in the NWNT --- p.118 / Chapter 5.2.1.2. --- Ecological Habitats of the NWNT --- p.119 / Chapter 5.3. --- Execution of the Pilot Study --- p.119 / Chapter 5.4. --- Results and Discussions --- p.125 / Chapter 5.4.1. --- Environmental Assessment of the Crosslinks Project --- p.125 / Chapter 5.4.2. --- Assessment of Alternative Options --- p.133 / Chapter 5.4.3. --- Experience Learned from the Pilot Study --- p.147 / Chapter 5.5. --- Summary --- p.148 / Chapter CHAPTER 6. --- CONCLUSION --- p.149 / Chapter 6.1. --- Design Concepts and Features --- p.149 / Chapter 6.2. --- Limitations of the System --- p.153 / Chapter 6.3. --- Further Research --- p.154 / REFERENCES --- p.156 / APPENDICES --- p.166 / APPEMDIXI NOISE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY --- p.167 / "APPENDIX II R(A), R(B), R(C) NOISE ATTENUATION PATTERNS" --- p.171 / APPENDIX III PUBLICAHONS --- p.175