Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:37:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DaniellaKM_DISSERT.pdf: 1448992 bytes, checksum: be613de813a28ab22582b21adcb47c66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The genus Callithrix, like other marmosets, presents a cooperative breeding system, characterized by the contribution of parents and non-breeding individuals of the social group in the care of infants. This care is provided through lactation, transport, supervision of infants and food transfers. In this study, we investigated the care of offspring in Callithrix jacchus through the food transfers in family groups under conditions of abundance and scarcity of food resources. We also attempted to verify the relationship between the participation of individuals in the transport of infants and in the food sharing. We observed four families at the N?cleo de Primatologia of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, in a total of seven infants, six twins and a single infant. Each infant was observed twice a week, from 1st to 20th week of life using the methods focal continuous and focal instantaneous sampling with one minute intervals. The observations were carried by 10 minutes and beginning with the supply of food for each family. Two families were tested under conditions of scarcity of food resources (experimental condition) and two others were subjected to conditions of abundant food, both conditions with restricted access to food supply. The condition of food scarcity did not influence the rate of food sharing with the infants that, in general, was considered low. All shares observed were passive sharings. Only one family showed higher levels of food begging, probably due to the loss of the mother during the period of lactation of her offspring. In this family, the dominant and subadult males were primarily responsible for the food sharing. The experimental condition influenced the distance of infants in relation to food source, so the infants in families that received abundant food remained closer to the source. However, it is believed that the place of food consumption was not influenced by experimental condition. There was no relationship between the participation of individuals in the transport and food sharing with their young. Therefore, it is suggested that, in general, the transfer of food in C. jacchus is characterized by tolerance to the demands of caregivers, represented by the passive sharing. Rates of sharing with infants were low, probably due to intra-group competition for food generated by the experiment. / O g?nero Callithrix, assim como os demais calitriqu?deos, apresenta um sistema de cria??o cooperativa da prole, caracterizado pela contribui??o dos pais e de indiv?duos n?o reprodutores do grupo social no cuidado aos infantes. Esse cuidado ? fornecido atrav?s da amamenta??o, do transporte, da supervis?o dos infantes e da transfer?ncia de alimento. Neste estudo, investigamos o cuidado ? prole em Callithrix jacchus atrav?s da transfer?ncia de alimento em grupos familiares sob condi??es de abund?ncia e de escassez de recursos alimentares. Buscamos tamb?m verificar a rela??o entre a participa??o dos indiv?duos no transporte dos filhotes e na partilha de alimento. Foram observadas quatro fam?lias habitantes do N?cleo de Primatologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, totalizando sete infantes, sendo seis g?meos e um filhote ?nico. Cada infante foi observado duas vezes por semana, da 1? a 20? semana de vida, atrav?s dos m?todos focal cont?nuo e focal instant?neo, com intervalos de um minuto. As observa??es eram realizadas por 10 minutos e iniciavam-se com o fornecimento do alimento para cada fam?lia. Duas fam?lias foram testadas sob condi??o de escassez de recurso alimentar (condi??o experimental) e outras duas foram submetidas ? condi??o de abund?ncia de alimento, ambas as condi??es com restri??o de acesso ? fonte de alimento. A condi??o de escassez de alimento n?o influenciou a taxa de partilha de alimento com os filhotes que, de um modo geral, foi baixa. Todas as partilhas observadas foram do tipo passiva. Somente uma fam?lia apresentou n?veis maiores de solicita??o, provavelmente em decorr?ncia da perda da m?e durante a fase de amamenta??o da prole. Nessa fam?lia, os machos dominante e subadulto foram os principais respons?veis pelas partilhas. A condi??o experimental influenciou a dist?ncia dos infantes em rela??o ? fonte de alimento, de modo que os infantes das fam?lias que receberam alimento abundante permaneceram mais pr?ximos ? fonte. Entretanto, acredita-se que o local de consumo do alimento n?o tenha sido influenciado pela condi??o experimental. N?o houve rela??o entre a participa??o dos indiv?duos no transporte e na partilha de alimento com os filhotes. Portanto, sugere-se que, de um modo geral, a transfer?ncia de alimento em C. jacchus seja caracterizada pela toler?ncia dos cuidadores ?s solicita??es, representada pela partilha passiva. As taxas de partilha com os infantes foram baixas, provavelmente devido ? competi??o alimentar intragrupo gerada pelo delineamento experimental