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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Administra??o repetida de baixas doses de reserpina: um poss?vel modelo para o estudo de d?ficits cognitivos e motores associados ? Doen?a de Parkinson

Souza, Val?ria Fernandes de 15 September 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ValeriaFS_TESE.pdf: 2279391 bytes, checksum: 08beaafd16be358ec180ad0490a2aadd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-15 / Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative brain disorders and is characterized primarily by a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons nigroestriatais. The main symptoms of this disease are motor alterations (bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor at rest), which can be highly disabling in advanced stages of the condition. However, there are symptomatic manifestations other than motor impairment, such as changes in cognition, mood and sensory systems. Animal models that attempt to mimic clinical features of PD have been used to understand the behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying neurophysiological disturbance of this disease. However, most models promote an intense and immediate motor impairment, consistent with advanced stages of the disease, invalidating these studies for the evaluation of its progressive nature. The administration of reserpine (a monoamine depletor) in rodents has been considered an animal model for studying PD. Recently we found that reserpine (in doses lower than those usually employed to produce the motor symptoms) promotes a memory deficit in an aversive discrimination task, without changing the motor activity. It was suggested that the administration of this drug in low doses can be useful for the study of memory deficits found in PD. Corroborating this data, in another study, acute subcutaneous administration of reserpine, while preserving motor function, led to changes in emotional context-related (but not neutral) memory tasks. The goal of this research was to study the cognitive and motor deficits in rats repeatedly treated with low doses of reserpine, as a possible model that simulates the progressive nature of the PD. For this purpose, 5-month-old male Wistar rats were submitted to a repeated treatment with vehicle or different doses of reserpine on alternate days. Cognitive and motor parameters and possible changes in neuronal function were evaluated during treatment. The main findings were: repeated administration of 0.1 mg / kg of reserpine in rats is able to induce the gradual appearance of motor signs compatible with progressive features found in patients with PD; an increase in striatal levels of oxidative stress and changes in the concentrations of glutamate in the striatum were observed five days after the end of treatment; in animals repeatedly-treated with 0. 1 mg/kg, cognitive deficits were observed only after the onset of motor symptoms, but not prior to the onset of these symptoms; 0.2 mg / kg reserpine repeated treatment has jeopardized the cognitive assessment due to the presence of severe motor deficits. Thus, we suggest that the protocol of treatment with reserpine used in this work is a viable alternative for studies of the progressive appearance of parkinsonian signs in rats, especially concerning motor symptoms. As for the cognitive symptoms, we suggest that more studies are needed, possibly using other behavioral models, and / or changing the treatment regimen / A doen?a de Parkinson (DP) ? um dos transtornos cerebrais neurodegenerativos mais comuns e se caracteriza primariamente por uma progressiva degenera??o dos neur?nios dopamin?rgicos nigroestriatais. Os sintomas principais dessa doen?a s?o aqueles de origem motora (bradicinesia, rigidez, tremor em repouso), por?m altera??es na cogni??o, no humor e no sistema sensorial tamb?m podem ser observadas. Modelos animais que tentam mimetizar caracter?sticas cl?nicas da DP v?m sendo utilizados para compreender as altera??es comportamentais e mecanismos neuronais subjacentes ao dist?rbio neurofisiol?gicos dessa doen?a Contudo, a maioria dos modelos promove um comprometimento motor intenso e imediato, compat?vel com est?gios avan?ados da doen?a, invalidando estes estudos quanto ? avalia??o da natureza progressiva da manifesta??o sintomatol?gica (motora ou cognitiva) da DP. A administra??o de reserpina (um depletor de monoaminas) em roedores tem sido considerada um modelo animal para o estudo da DP. Recentemente verificamos que a reserpina (em doses menores que as usualmente empregadas para produzir os sintomas motores) promove um d?ficit de mem?ria em uma tarefa de discrimina??o aversiva, sem alterar a atividade motora. A partir desse estudo sugeriu-se que a administra??o desse f?rmaco em doses baixas pode ser ?til para o estudo dos d?ficits de mem?ria encontrados na DP. Corroborando esse dado, em outro estudo, a administra??o aguda subcut?nea de reserpina, em doses que n?o afetam a fun??o motora, levou a altera??es em mem?ria que envolve contexto emocional enquanto as sem conota??o emocional n?o foram afetadas. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram estudar os d?ficits cognitivos e motores associados ? administra??o repetida de baixas doses de reserpina e desenvolver um poss?vel modelo que mimetize uma neurodegenera??o progressiva. Para isso, ratos Wistar machos com idade de 5 meses foram submetidos a um tratamento repetido, em dias alternados, com ve?culo ou diferentes doses de reserpina. Par?metros cognitivos e motores, bem como poss?veis altera??es na fun??o neuronal, foram avaliados ao longo do tratamento. Os principais resultados encontrados foram: a administra??o repetida de 0,1 mg/Kg de reserpina em ratos ? capaz de induzir o aparecimento gradual de sinais motores compat?veis com as caracter?sticas progressivas encontrados em pacientes com DP; os sinais motores foram acompanhados por um aumento dos n?veis de estresse oxidativo no estriado; altera??es nas concentra??es de glutamato no estriato nos grupos tratados com doses repetidas de 0,1 e 0,2 mg/Kg foram observadas cinco dias ap?s o final do tratamento; em animais tratados com doses repetidas de 0,1 mg/kg, d?ficits cognitivos foram observados apenas ap?s o surgimento dos sinais motores, mas n?o em avalia??es feitas anteriormente ao surgimento desses sinais; na dose de 0,2 mg/kg a avalia??o cognitiva foi comprometida pela presen?a de d?ficits motores intensos. Dessa forma, os dados obtidos indicam que o protocolo de tratamento com a reserpina utilizado neste trabalho seja uma alternativa vi?vel para os estudos do processo progressivo de aparecimento de sinais parkinsonianos em ratos, principalmente no que diz respeito aos sinais motores. Quanto aos sinais cognitivos, sugere-se que mais estudos s?o necess?rios, possivelmente em outros modelos comportamentais e/ou alterando-se o esquema de tratamento

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