Chan, Fong Fiona. / Thesis submitted in: October 2001. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 165-178). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vi / List of Tables --- p.ix / List of Figures --- p.x / List of Plates --- p.xi / List of Appendices --- p.xii / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- The problems --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Conceptual framework --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4 --- Objectives of the study --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5 --- Significance --- p.14 / Chapter 1.6 --- Organization of the thesis --- p.15 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2 --- Ecological rehabilitation --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3 --- Definition of exotic and native species --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4 --- Forest degradation --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Present situation of tropical forests --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Plantation history in Hong Kong --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5 --- Disturbances and rehabilitation strategies --- p.24 / Chapter 2.6 --- The role of plantation --- p.25 / Chapter 2.7 --- Exotic tree species versus native tree species --- p.28 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- THE STUDY AREA / Chapter 3.1 --- Location --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2 --- Climate --- p.35 / Chapter 3.3 --- Geology --- p.37 / Chapter 3.4 --- Soils --- p.38 / Chapter 3.5 --- Vegetation --- p.38 / Chapter 3.6 --- Planting designs and management --- p.42 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.44 / Chapter 4.2 --- Methodology --- p.47 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Sampling --- p.47 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Soil texture --- p.49 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Bulk density and porosity --- p.49 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Penetration resistance --- p.50 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Soil reaction and conductivity --- p.50 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Organic carbon --- p.50 / Chapter 4.2.7 --- Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) --- p.51 / Chapter 4.2.8 --- Mineral nitrogen (ammonium and nitrate nitrogen) --- p.51 / Chapter 4.2.9 --- Total phosphorus --- p.51 / Chapter 4.2.10 --- Available phosphorus --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2.11 --- Exchangeable cations --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2.12 --- Exchangeable A1 and H --- p.52 / Chapter 4.3 --- Data processing and statistical analysis --- p.53 / Chapter 4.4 --- Results and discussion --- p.53 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Physical properties --- p.54 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Conductivity --- p.57 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Soil reaction and exchangeable acidity --- p.57 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Organic matter --- p.61 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Total Kjeldahl nitrogen and mineral nitrogen --- p.63 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- C:N ratio --- p.65 / Chapter 4.4.7 --- Total and available phosphorus --- p.65 / Chapter 4.4.8 --- Nutrient cations --- p.67 / Chapter 4.4.9 --- Comparison with other disturbed sites --- p.69 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion --- p.72 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- SURVIVAL AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.75 / Chapter 5.2 --- Methodology --- p.83 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Sampling --- p.83 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Data processing and statistical analysis --- p.85 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results and discussion --- p.85 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Survival rate --- p.85 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Growth performance between trial plots --- p.96 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Growth performance among species --- p.100 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Plantation management and species selection --- p.109 / Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusion --- p.113 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- FOLIAR COMPOSITION OF SPECIES / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.116 / Chapter 6.2 --- Methodology --- p.121 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Foliage sampling --- p.121 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Chemical analysis --- p.123 / Chapter 6.2.2.1 --- Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) --- p.123 / Chapter 6.2.2.2 --- Total phosphorus and cation nutrients --- p.123 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Data processing and statistical analysis --- p.124 / Chapter 6.3 --- Results and discussion --- p.124 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Foliage composition of existing vegetation --- p.124 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Foliage composition of planted species --- p.131 / Chapter 6.4 --- Conclusion --- p.143 / Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- CONCLUSION / Chapter 7.1 --- Summary of findings --- p.146 / Chapter 7.2 --- Implications of the study --- p.151 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Silviculture involving native species --- p.151 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Screening of species --- p.154 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Native forest succession --- p.156 / Chapter 7.2.4 --- Potentials of native legumes --- p.158 / Chapter 7.3 --- Limitation of the study --- p.159 / Chapter 7.4 --- Suggestions for future study --- p.161 / REFERENCES --- p.165 / APPENDICES --- p.179

Chong Chun-wing. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-165). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vii / List of Tables --- p.x / List of Figures --- p.xii / List of Plates --- p.xiii / List of Appendix --- p.xiv / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Waste management in Hong Kong --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Landfilling --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Definition --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Landfill design --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Waste degradation --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.3.1 --- Landfill leachate --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.3.2 --- Landfill gas --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.3.3 --- Effective control of degraded by-products --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- General practices after completion of landfills --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.4.1 --- Final capping system --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.4.2 --- Revegetation on final cover --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2.4.3 --- Post-closure management --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.4.4 --- Afteruses --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3 --- Reclamation of closed landfills --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Selecting afteruse and setting ultimate ecological goal of a closed landfill --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.1.1 --- Important considerations on landfill reclamation --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.1.2 --- Land reclamation and ecosystem development --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.1.3 --- Choice In Hong Kong --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Limitations to revegetation --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.2.1 --- Physical problems --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.2.2 --- Shallow soil --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.2.3 --- Drought and waterlogging --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.2.4 --- Nutrient deficiencies --- p.19 / Chapter 1.3.2.5 --- Landfill gas and leachate --- p.19 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Selecting the suitable species --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4 --- Plantations and closed landfills --- p.22 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- The roles of plantations --- p.23 / Chapter 1.4.1.1 --- Enhancing soil development --- p.24 / Chapter 1.4.1.2 --- Modifying microclimate --- p.25 / Chapter 1.4.1.3 --- Facilitate natural invasion --- p.25 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Exotics or natives? --- p.25 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Knowledge learned from natural invasion --- p.27 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Human management or aftercare --- p.28 / Chapter 1.5 --- Objectives of this research --- p.28 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Knowledge gap --- p.28 / Chapter 1.5.2. --- Objectives --- p.29 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Study Sites --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1 --- General descriptions --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2 --- Locations --- p.34 / Chapter 2.3 --- Climate --- p.36 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Soil Status of Closed Landfills --- p.38 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Landfill gas and soil moisture determination --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Soil sampling and analysis --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Soil sampling and preparation --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Soil texture and water retention --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.2.3 --- Bulk density and total porosity --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.2.4 --- Soil pH and electrical conductivity --- p.42 / Chapter 3.2.2.5 --- Organic carbon --- p.42 / Chapter 3.2.2.6 --- Nitrogen --- p.42 / Chapter 3.2.2.7 --- Phosphorus --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.2.8 --- Cations --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Statistical analysis --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and discussion --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Landfill gas and soil moisture contents --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Soil physical properties --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Bulk density and porosity --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Texture --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Soil chemical properties --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- pH and electrical conductivity --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Organic carbon and matter --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3.3.3 --- Nitrogen and C:N ratio --- p.50 / Chapter 3.3.3.4 --- Phosphorus --- p.51 / Chapter 3.3.3.5 --- Potassium --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.3.6 --- Other major cations --- p.53 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Comparison among sites --- p.53 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Comparison with other degraded sites --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Implications --- p.55 / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusion --- p.57 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- "Screening Native Species for Revegetating ""Recently Restored"" Landfills I: Drought Resistance Trial" --- p.58 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.58 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Principles --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Species selection --- p.63 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- General experimental design --- p.65 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Soil source and analysis --- p.68 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.68 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results and discussion --- p.68 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Soil used for filling the trial pots --- p.68 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Chlorophyll fluorescence --- p.70 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Standing leaf number --- p.72 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Overall evaluation --- p.76 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Features of the more drought resistant species --- p.78 / Chapter 4.3.6 --- Limitations for the study --- p.79 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusion --- p.79 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- "Screening Native Species for Revegetating ""Recently Restored"" Landfills II: Field Trial" --- p.81 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.81 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.82 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Tree planting --- p.82 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Site environmental factors --- p.83 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Survival and growth responses --- p.85 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Ecophysiological responses --- p.85 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.85 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results and discussion --- p.86 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Environmental factors of Plot TNP --- p.86 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Survival rate --- p.88 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- General growth performance --- p.91 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Seasonal growth performance --- p.95 / Chapter 5.3.5 --- Ecophysiological responses --- p.99 / Chapter 5.3.5.1 --- Fv/Fm --- p.99 / Chapter 5.3.5.2 --- Stomatal conductance --- p.100 / Chapter 5.3.5.3 --- Transpiration rate --- p.102 / Chapter 5.3.6 --- Species selection --- p.103 / Chapter 5.3.7 --- Limitations and further studies --- p.105 / Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusion --- p.106 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- "Screening Native Species for Revegetating ""Recently Restored´ح Landfills III: Different Management Practices" --- p.107 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.107 / Chapter 6.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.108 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- General experimental design and seedling preparation --- p.108 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- "Survival, Growth and chlorophyll fluorescence responses" --- p.109 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Soil source and analysis --- p.109 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.110 / Chapter 6.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.110 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Soil physical and chemical properties --- p.110 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Survival rate --- p.112 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- General growth peformance --- p.114 / Chapter 6.3.3.1 --- Height growth --- p.114 / Chapter 6.3.3.2 --- Basal diameter growth --- p.119 / Chapter 6.3.4 --- Chlorophyll fluorescence --- p.123 / Chapter 6.3.5 --- Implications --- p.124 / Chapter 6.4 --- Conclusion --- p.125 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- "Performance of Two Years Old Native Saplings Planted on A ""Recently Restored"" Landfill" --- p.126 / Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.126 / Chapter 7.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.127 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- "Study plots, species selection and tree sampling" --- p.127 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Site environmental factors --- p.128 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Survival and growth responses --- p.128 / Chapter 7.2.4 --- Ecophysiological responses --- p.128 / Chapter 7.2.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.128 / Chapter 7.3 --- Results and discussion --- p.129 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- Environmental factors of trial plots TA & TB --- p.129 / Chapter 7.3.2 --- Survival rate --- p.131 / Chapter 7.3.3 --- General growth performance --- p.133 / Chapter 7.3.4 --- Seasonal growth performance --- p.137 / Chapter 7.3.5 --- Ecophysiological responses --- p.140 / Chapter 7.3.5.1 --- Fv/Fm --- p.140 / Chapter 7.3.5.2 --- Stomatal conductance --- p.141 / Chapter 7.3.5.3 --- Transpiration rate --- p.142 / Chapter 7.3.6 --- Evaluation of different species --- p.143 / Chapter 7.3.7 --- Effects of ages --- p.144 / Chapter 7.4 --- Conclusion --- p.145 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- General Conclusions --- p.146 / Chapter 8.1 --- Summary of findings --- p.146 / Chapter 8.2 --- Further studies --- p.148 / References --- p.151

Kong Hoi-Yeung. / Thesis submitted in: November 2003. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-146). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Abstract (in Chinese) --- p.iv / Acknowledgement --- p.v / Table of contents --- p.vii / List of tables --- p.x / List of figures --- p.xi / List of plates --- p.xii / List of appendices --- p.xii / Chapter Chapter one --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Afforestation in Hong Kong --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Conceptual framework of the study --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Objectives of the study --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5 --- Scope and significance of the study --- p.14 / Chapter 1.6 --- Organization of the thesis --- p.15 / Chapter Chapter Two --- The Study Area / Chapter 2.1 --- Geographical setting of Hong Kong --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Climate --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Geology --- p.19 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Soils --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Vegetation --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Characteristics of Lophostemon confertus --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2 --- Site selection --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter Three --- Stand Characteristics of Lophostemon confertus Plantations / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2 --- Methodology --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Sample plots design --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Tree density --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Tree growth parameters --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Data processing and statistical analysis --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and discussion --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Tree density and mortality rate --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Growth performance of Lophostemon confertus --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Growth rate of Lophostemon confertus in the plantations --- p.41 / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusion --- p.44 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Soil Characteristics of Lophostemon confertus Plantations / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.47 / Chapter 4.2 --- Methodology --- p.51 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Soil sampling --- p.51 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Laboratory analysis --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Texture --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Soil pH --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Organic carbon --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.7 --- Carbon: Nitrogen ratio --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2.8 --- Mineral nitrogen (NH4-H and N03-N) --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2.9 --- Available phosphorus --- p.55 / Chapter 4.2.10 --- Exchangeable cations --- p.55 / Chapter 4.3 --- Data processing and statistical analysis --- p.55 / Chapter 4.4 --- Results and discussion --- p.56 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Soil texture --- p.56 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Effects of Lophostemon confertus plantations on reaction pH --- p.58 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- "Effects of Lophostemon confertus plantations on SOM, TKN and mineral nitrogen" --- p.59 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Effects of Lophostemon confertus plantations on available P and exchangeable cations --- p.69 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Effects of Lophostemon confertus plantations on nutrient status of the soils --- p.73 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion --- p.79 / Chapter Chapter Five --- Understorey Vegetation of Lophostemon confertus Plantations / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.81 / Chapter 5.2 --- Methodology --- p.85 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Understorey plant sampling --- p.85 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Species identification and nomenclature --- p.86 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Plant growth parameters --- p.87 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Data processing and statistical analysis --- p.87 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results and discussion --- p.89 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Floristic composition of the Lophostemon confertus plantations --- p.89 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- "Species richness, diversity and woody abundance of the understorey" --- p.93 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Species composition and structure of understories --- p.99 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Dynamics of species establishment in the understorey --- p.109 / Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusion --- p.112 / Chapter Chapter Six --- Conclusion / Chapter 6.1 --- Summary of findings --- p.114 / Chapter 6.2 --- Implications of the study --- p.118 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Ecological value of Lophostemon confertus plantations in Hong Kong --- p.118 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Rehabilitation of badland derived from granite --- p.124 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Management of the existing plantations --- p.126 / Chapter 6.3 --- Limitations of the study --- p.129 / Chapter 6.4 --- Suggestions for future study --- p.130 / References --- p.132 / Appendices --- p.147

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management