Development of state-of-the-art medical imaging modalities such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Computed Tomography, Galactography, MR Diffusion Tensor Imaging, and Tomosynthesis plays an important role for visualization and assessment of anatomical structures. Included among these structures are structures of branching topology such as the bronchial tree in chest computed tomography images, the blood vessels in retinal images and the breast ductal network in x-ray galactograms and the tubular bone patterns in dental radiography. Analysis of such images could help reveal abnormalities, assist in estimating a risk of diseases such as breast cancer and COPD, and aid in the development of realistic anatomy phantoms. This thesis aims at the development of a set of automated methods for the analysis of anatomical structures of tree and network topology. More specifically, the two main objectives include (i) the development of analysis framework to explore the association between topology and texture patterns of anatomical branching structures and (ii) the development of the image processing methods for enhanced visualization of regions of interest in anatomical branching structures such as branching nodes. / Computer and Information Science