Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T22:56:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_9563_Moara Cuzzuol Gomes20160414-73250.pdf: 866349 bytes, checksum: ed2e4e965edf3c8b9e7dd49577c6a511 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, 2016. Todas as espécies de tartarugas marinhas existentes estão ameaçadas de extinção em algum grau, sendo Chelonia mydas a que possui hábitos mais costeiros e está amplamente distribuída pela costa brasileira. São diversas as ameaças, principalmente ligadas à ação antrópica, e dentre as enfermidades, o parasitismo é tido como provável causa de debilidade e morte. Objetivou-se avaliar a comunidade de helmintos gastrointestinais e realizar a caracterização morfológica de seus ovos em tartarugas-verdes recolhidas no litoral do Espírito Santo no período de março a agosto de 2015. Foram utilizadas 36 tartarugas marinhas juvenis da espécie C. mydas, sendo o trato gastrointestinal inteiro separado e dividido em três porções: esôfago/estômago, intestino delgado e intestino grosso. Cada porção foi aberta e inspecionada à procura de parasitos e os exemplares encontrados foram separados macroscopicamente para posterior montagem permanente. Para cada espécie encontrada foram determinadas a prevalência, intensidade média e abundância média de espécies. Para a avaliação coproparasitológica, as fezes foram processadas com técnica de sedimentação e os ovos encontrados foram caracterizados morfologicamente e comparados aos encontrados nos helmintos adultos. Das 36 tartarugas avaliadas, a prevalência de helmintos foi de 94,44% (34/36), com um total de 10.734 helmintos recuperados. Foram encontradas 18 espécies de trematódeos pertencentes a quatro famílias. A riqueza média de espécies foi de 4,29 ± 2,19. Os parasitos mais prevalentes foram Cricocephalus albus, Metacetabulum invaginatum e Neoctangium travassosi, ambos com 61,11% (22/36), seguidos de Pronocephalus obliquus com 33,33% (12/36), e Glyphicephalus lobatus com 30,55% (11/36). Foram encontrados e identificados quatro diferentes morfotipos de ovos no exame coproparasitológico e uma grande diversidade morfométrica dos ovos nos helmintos adultos.

The influence of temperature on the bionomics of Bulinus (Physopsis) globosus, Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Lymnaea natalensis has been studied both in the laboratory under controlled conditions and in the field under normal seasonal influences. Field studies were carried out in two different localities, one a semi-permanent pond and the other a temporary waterbody. For this purpose a sampling implement was developed. The results show the seasonal progression of these populations both with respect to estimated numbers and the size distribution of the snails. The rate of actual increase at different seasons was calculated for the three species where the data were sufficient. In the laboratory the snails were maintained at various temperatures, other conditions being kept standard. Daily records of mortality and fecundity of various cohorts reared from the egg stage enabled the compilation of life tables fof the speciesand from these data were calcualted the intrinsic rate of natural increase and other parameters. Effects of crowding in aquaria were studied. From the data obtained in the laboratory it was possible to predict the distribution and population potential for each species for snail of various environmental conditions. These predictions were, in fact, confirmed by field observation.

An effort is here made to assemble all of our knowledge of all adult trematodes which have been found in the fishes of the Pacific Marine Station Area. This includes publications, unpublished material such as graduate theses, and specimens herein described for the first time. It is hoped that this endeavor will facilitate further investigation in trematodology and that this paper will be an aid in identification of trematodes subsequently discovered.

This study deals with the cercarial fauna of marine mollusks in the littoral zone and estuaries of the California coast between Duxbury Reef and Fort Ross. The investigation began in June, 1968 at the Pacific Marine Station, Dillon Beach, California and continued through July, 1969, with monthly collections at various localities (see map). Two major objectives were aimed at: first, to continue a survey of the cercariae of the area begun by Fisk (194) and second, to establish a basis for future life history studies.

D~ring July and August 1978, 165 fishes belonging to 35 species in 19 families were collected from the Kuwaiti coast of the Arabian Gulf and examined for parasites. Nine digenetic trematodes including three new species and two new genera are described: (Hemiuridae) Opisthadena kuwaiti, n.sp. from Valamugil seheli, Lecithocladium bulbolabrum Reid, Coil and Kuntz, 1966 from Johnius aneus (new host record), 1· unibulbolabrum Fischthal and Thomas, 1971 from Rastralliger kanagurta (new host record), Clupenuroides sheemi n.g., n.sp, from Eleutheronema tetradactylum; (Angiodactylidae) Hexangium sigani Goto and Ozaki, 1929 from Sigartus oramin; (Pleorchiidae) Pleorchis arabicus n.sp. from Otolithes argenteus; (Opecoelidae) Helicometrina nimia Linton, 1910, from Nemipterus tolu (new host record) and Plagioporus sp. from Nemipterus tolu; (Acanthocolpidae) Stephanostomum sp. from Lutjanus coccineus. Keys to the species of Opisthadena and Pleorchis, and to certain closely related dinurid genera are given. E_. puriensis Gupta and Ahmad, 1976 is transferred to the new genus Parapleorchis.

The family Bucephalidae is unique in the class Trematoda by virtue of the mouth being situated near the mid-ventral portion of the body. Other characteristics of the family include: haptor near the anterior extremity; a simple, sac-like gut with pharynx and esophagus; genital pore ventral, just anterior to the posterior extremity; gonads posterior and vitellaria species live in the gut of marine and fresh-water fishes. The metacercariae are found encysted beneath the skin or in the nervous system of other fishes serving as second intermediate hosts. Sporocysts and cercariae have been recovered from a variety of lamellibranchs. A generalized life cycle of the bucephalids can be stated as follows: eggs discharged from the intestine of the definitive host produce free swimming miracidia which enter the mantle cavity of a lamellibranch; branching sporocysts develop within the gonads and, allegedly, other organs (although the writer observed them only in the gonads); cercariae are produced directly in the sporocysts or daughter sporocysts, and when mature are discharged through the excurrent siphon of the host. Woodhead (1931) described rediae in the sporocysts of Bucephalus elegans and Rhipidocotyle papillosum although Knickern (1950) and Ciorda (1956), working with Rhipidocotyle septpapillata and Rhipidocotyle papillosum respectively, failed to note a redial stage. The writer, too, has seen no rediae. The cercariae, when coming in contact with an appropriate fish, attach to it by means of long, filamentous tall appendages and finally bore into a suitable site for encystment, losing their tails on the way (Woodhead, 1927). The metacercariae reach the definitive host when the smaller fish is devoured. It is not uncommon for the same species of fish to act as both second intermediate and definitive hosts.

The taxonomy of the polyclad flatworms is fairly well-known and some attention has been given to study of their physiology. Investigations of an ecological nature, however, are scarce; in fact, no ecological studies have been made on the Pacific Coast of North America. Else- where, Pearse and Wharton (1938) investigated the general ecology of Stylochus frontalis, associated with oysters on the coasts of Florida, and occasional notes have appeared, reporting on polyclads as predators on oysters and barnacles (Book, 1925: Wolke, 1954; Loosanoff, 1956: Skerman,1960)

The genus Probolitrema was established by Looss (1901) in recognition of the location of vitellaria and multiple testes entirely outside the extra caecal field in Anaporrhutum richardii Lopez (1888) which differentiated it from A.albidum Ofenheim (1900) with the vitellaria within and the testes partly within and partly without the intra-caecal field. Ofenhein had created the genus Anaporrhutum for the above two species because of their multiple testes. A.albidum was a new species described by him; his A.richiardii Lopez specimens he considered to be the same species as Distomum richiardii Lopez, described in detail by Monticelli in 1893. Looss pointed out that they were not identical; Ofenheim’s specimens possessed succkers of nearly eual size while Monticelli’s specimens (which were probably D.richiardii Lopez) possessed a very large and powerful ventral sucker. Looss therefore retained P.richiardii Lopez as the type species of the genus and created a new species, P.capense, for A.richiardii Ofenheim. ABout sixty individuals of Probolitrema tomalis were obtained from the coelom of a stingray, Dasyatis dipterura, on July 2, 1933, from Tomales Bay, California. No observations concerning the living animal were recorded.

No description available.

The aim of this investigation was to study some of the digenetic trematodes of marine fishes from Monterey Bay, with special reference to the genus Opecoelus family Opecoelidae Ozaki 1925. Extensive work on this family has been done by Dr. D. Yaiuaguti and his colleagues in Japan. After the Allan Hancock Pacific expeditions to the Galapagos Islands in 1934. Dr. H. W. Menter described a few new species from the Galapagos and some Lexicon Islands in 1940. The same author reported a new species from La Jolla, California in 1951; but until now, no further observations have been made on this genus in California. The project was undertaken in the fall of 1958, The preliminary preparations of specimens for microscopic observations were made by Dr. L. Noble during his visits to the Hopkins marine Station, California in 1927 and 1936 respectively.