Master of Science / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / J. Ernest Minton / Anabolic steroids are used extensively in beef cattle feeding management to take advantage of well-documented improvements in growth performance and efficiency of implanted cattle. In addition to muscle growth, steroids also impact changes in bone and cartilage formation. In general, these effects can be interpreted as hastening bone aging. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that recently-identified peripheral indicators of bone and cartilage turnover could be detected in the peripheral circulation. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that these peripheral markers might reflect accelerated aging effects of the widely used steroidal implants trenbolone acetate (TBA) and estradiol-17β (E2). Circulating IGF-I was measured as a positive marker of steroid-induced enhancement of the somatotropic endocrine axis. Thirty-two crossbred yearling steers were blocked by BW and given one of four treatments: non-implanted controls; 25.7 mg estradiol-17beta (E2); 120 mg trenbolone acetate (TBA); or a combination of 120 mg TBA and 24 mg E2 (T+E). Blood samples were collected on d 0, d 7, d 14 and d 28 and serum was analyzed by ELISA for IGF-I concentrations, as well as osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptides of Type I collagen (CTX-I) and C-terminal telopeptides of Type II collagen (CTX-II), which serve as markers of bone formation, bone resorption and cartilage resorption, respectively. Circulating IGF-I was similar among treatments on d 0 and 28. At d 7 and 14, steers receiving E2 or T+E had greater circulating IGF-I than non-implanted control steers (P < 0.05). In contrast, steers receiving only TBA tended to have elevated IGF-I compared to controls on d 7 and 14 (P = 0.10). Although treatment did not affect serum osteocalcin, concentrations were increased on d 7, 14, and 28 compared to d 0 (P < 0.005 for all). Implant treatment did not affect circulating CTXI, however CTX-II was affected by T+E treatment (P<0.05). The data suggest that, although selected markers of bone and cartilage turnover can be detected in circulation in cattle, implant-induced changes in the concentrations of these markers are not directly evident in the peripheral circulation at least through 28 d following treatment.

Sex reversal in fish can occur as a result of disturbances in natural conditions or laboratory manipulations. Trenbolone Acetate (TBA), a synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroid used mainly in the cattle industry, was applied to female Betta splendens, a sexually dimorphic fish. Previously, females were analyzed for secondary sex characteristics after treatment with TBA, increased temperature, or a combination of both. This study focused on primary sex characteristics by histological examination. Gonads were surgically removed and prepared following basic histological techniques. Following H&E staining, sections were observed for signs of ovarian regression, as well as signs of testicular formation. The presence of TBA significantly reduced the size of the gonad and the number and size of vitellogenic oocytes, indicating a loss of ovarian function. Temperature had a synergistic effect on TBA, as more oocytes were atretic and interstitial tissue was more abundant, some with clear spermatocysts. Temperature alone had no significant effect.