Voir résumé étendu en français en fin de thèse. / In the actual energetic and economic context, energy polygeneration represents the answer regarding the efficient use of a fuel. This solution would diminish the losses associated to the classical methods of energy production and, as a result, would increase the installations' efficiency. The polygeneration systems (cogeneration/trigeneration of energy), consist of various technologies that offer alternatives to the global problems linked to energy, such as energy scarcity, energy supply security, emissions control from the production of energy, economy and energy conservation, etc.. This doctoral thesis examines two types of polygeneration of energy. The first part focuses on the analysis of a high power trigeneration system based on a gas turbine installation for production of electrical energy, the second part of the thesis is dealing with a system of micro-cogeneration of energy powered by a solar Stirling engine. Given the actuality and interest for the polygeneration field of energy production, there is a constant concern to simulate and optimize the operation of this kind of systems in order to achieve significant performance designed to satisfy the consumers' needs