The objective of this project was to develop a physically realistic method for predicting the flowrates in short tubes. A physically realistic model, though based on tests with one refrigerant, could be extrapolated to other refrigerants and to other refrigeration systems. Most of the existing methods of predicting flowrates are achieved by doing a lot of experimental work and developing empirical or semi-empirical relations; because of the high degree of empiricism they are only valid for the refrigerant used in the experiment. Eliminating material constraints and high degrees of empiricism from the prediction model was considered as a matter of utmost importance. A critical flow model was developed based on a vapor generation model. The model is built on the observation that choked short tube flow consist of a liquid core and a vapor annulus. Only three empirical factors were used, two to account for the assumptions made in the model development and the other to account for the area reduction due to vena contracta. The critical flow model predicted CFC and HCFC flow data with a maximum error of 13%. It failed in predicting flow data on water. / Master of Science

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In many instances the predominant factor contributing to structural failure in welded parts is the residual stress which exists before the part is put into service. In this investigation an attempt is made to study the changes in residual stresses caused by vibrational stress relief (VSR). VSR is a fairly new idea in stress relief and there is no substantial evidence of its success in reducing residual stresses. This thesis documents the residual stress distributions found in 5/16 inch thick, 22 inch diameter welded fabricated tubes after VSR.

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