Steel industry prospered in Taiwan greatly from late 70s to early 80s. Automated steel manufacturing machines of high productivity were introduced into all steel factories and billions of NT dollars were invested. In this wave of steel manufacturing, three countries( US, Europe and Japan) dominated the advanced production-line equipment as well as the expensive materials needed for equipment production¡XTungsten carbide roll. This phenomenon put Taiwan steel industry in a less favorable position in the global competition. In view of this downside, PJ Company established a Tungsten carbide factory in Pudong, Shanghai in 1995. After years of hard work, PJ Company successfully developed a Tungsten carbide factory of high quality, breaking the old marketplace monopolized by foreign companies. In the year 2002, PJ took another step in overcoming the technical obstacle of Tungsten carbide alloy and successfully nanonized Tungsten carbide roll, making the company itself a global pioneer of Tungsten carbide manufacturer. The keys to P.J Company¡¦s success are its staged marketing strategy, and subsequent strategy including short, mid, and long-term management. More details are listed below: 1) Establishing the plant in accordance with the availability of raw materials¡Xlow cost strategy 2) Recruiting R&D specialists from China, Japan and Taiwan(especially consultant retired from Mitsubishi heavy industries)¡Xto speed up the establishment and innovation of the technique of powder metallurgy. 3) Brand strategy¡Xusing OEM cost as a counter for brand establishment. 4) Merger strategy¡Xto become a virtual storehouse for European steel factories, to improve service, and to lower time costs and transportation fees for individual product. 5) Strategic alliances¡Xto reduce the fierce competition on relative prices, achieving a bond of peaceful coexistence between companies through cooperation. 6) The nanonization of Tungsten carbide alloy ¡Xto make sure the company is ten years ahead of its rivals in competitiveness, narrowing the chances for other competitors. The success of PJ Company indicates good possibilities for future development and prospective market foresight in those traditional business combined with nanotechnology, the company¡¦s control in cash flow and critical R&D skills, as well as selecting national R&D departments for cooperation with many steel industries in Vietnam to avoid risks. All of these set a good example for Taiwanese businessmen who are or will be establishing factories in Mainland China. China Steel Corporation is currently evaluating the possibility of cooperation between PJ company and Dragon Steel Corporation, a member of CSC in Taichung, hoping to lower DSC¡¦s expenditure on Tungsten carbide roll. PJ Company also began an official collaboration with the factory of Yieh-hsing Company in southern Pintony industry zone on December 1st, 2005. At first the two companies worked together about the machinery process of Tungsten carbide to enhance productivity, to strengthen the techniques needed to complete the steps to producing roll and to achieve the goal of having the technique of nanonization of Tungsten carbide alloy to be replanted and stays in Taiwan. We are therefore extremely proud of this progress and look forward it.

Thesis (Ph. D.) in Physics--University of Maine, 2001. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-128).

published_or_final_version / Chemistry / Master / Master of Philosophy

Renosterkop is a large low grade tin-tungsten-zinc deposit located 85km WSW of Upington in the northern Cape Province, South Africa. The mineralization is hosted by a number of shallow-dipping, sheeted greisen bodies that are surrounded by, and partly intercalated with a well foliated granite gneiss country rock. The gneiss is taken to belong to the intrusive Riemvasmaak gneiss of the Namaqualand Metamorphic Complex. The mineralized host (referred to as TBQ) is a grey, homogeneous, fine to medium grained rock composed predominantly of quartz, biotite and topaz with minor amounts of fluorite and accessory opaque minerals, zircon and secondary chlorite. The unmineralized granite gneiss country rock is medium-to coarse-grained, pinkish in colour and composed primarily of microcline, plagioclase, quartz and biotite, with or without hornblende. Rock types, transitional in mineralogy but with clearly distinguishable contacts, are present between the TBQ and the granite gneiss. A prominent chemical and mineralogical halo, 20m to 50m wide, envelopes the Renosterkop deposit. There is a gradational transition from an unaltered hornblende biotite gneiss, through gneiss containing greenish-brown biotite to an approximately 2 m wide transition zone, characterized by the partial replacement of the greenish-brown biotite by chlorite. The transition zone in turn yields to the TBQ in which reddish-brown biotite forms at the expense of the chlorite, and topaz, quartz and fluorite are formed at the expense of the feldspar. Major and trace element analyses show a spectrum of chemical compositions with coherent trends that support a gradational transition from the hornblende-bearing granite gneiss, through the transitional rock types to the TBQ. The mineralogical and chemical characteristics of the Renosterkop rock types are consistent with an origin by progressive greisenization of a "within plate" A- type granitoid host rock. A genetic model is proposed which involves the formation of the TBQ greisen during intense metasomatic alteration and replacement of the granite gneiss within a zone of structural weakness that provided conduits for migrating, F-rich, metal-bearing solutions, and thereby inherited the foliation and structural features present in the original granite gneiss. / Thesis (MSc)--PU vir CHO, 1987.

No description available.

Renosterkop is a large low grade tin-tungsten-zinc deposit located 85km WSW of Upington in the northern Cape Province, South Africa. The mineralization is hosted by a number of shallow-dipping, sheeted greisen bodies that are surrounded by, and partly intercalated with a well foliated granite gneiss country rock. The gneiss is taken to belong to the intrusive Riemvasmaak gneiss of the Namaqualand Metamorphic Complex. The mineralized host (referred to as TBQ) is a grey, homogeneous, fine to medium grained rock composed predominantly of quartz, biotite and topaz with minor amounts of fluorite and accessory opaque minerals, zircon and secondary chlorite. The unmineralized granite gneiss country rock is medium-to coarse-grained, pinkish in colour and composed primarily of microcline, plagioclase, quartz and biotite, with or without hornblende. Rock types, transitional in mineralogy but with clearly distinguishable contacts, are present between the TBQ and the granite gneiss. A prominent chemical and mineralogical halo, 20m to 50m wide, envelopes the Renosterkop deposit. There is a gradational transition from an unaltered hornblende biotite gneiss, through gneiss containing greenish-brown biotite to an approximately 2 m wide transition zone, characterized by the partial replacement of the greenish-brown biotite by chlorite. The transition zone in turn yields to the TBQ in which reddish-brown biotite forms at the expense of the chlorite, and topaz, quartz and fluorite are formed at the expense of the feldspar. Major and trace element analyses show a spectrum of chemical compositions with coherent trends that support a gradational transition from the hornblende-bearing granite gneiss, through the transitional rock types to the TBQ. The mineralogical and chemical characteristics of the Renosterkop rock types are consistent with an origin by progressive greisenization of a "within plate" A- type granitoid host rock. A genetic model is proposed which involves the formation of the TBQ greisen during intense metasomatic alteration and replacement of the granite gneiss within a zone of structural weakness that provided conduits for migrating, F-rich, metal-bearing solutions, and thereby inherited the foliation and structural features present in the original granite gneiss. / Thesis (MSc)--PU vir CHO, 1987.

No description available.

Deuterium retention in two types of polycrystalline tungsten was studied as a function of ion fluence, irradiation temperature and ion energy. Fluence dependence: D retention at 300 K tends to saturate in both Rembar and Plansee PCW. At 500 K, D retention in the Plansee PCW increases with increasing ion fluence, similar to previous results for Rembar tungsten. Even at a fluence of 8×10^25 D+/m2, no sign of saturation was observed. Temperature dependence: D retention in Plansee PCW decreases with increasing irradiation temperature (300 - 500 K). Energy dependence: varying the D+ energy from 100 to 500 eV/D+ plays a minor role in D retention in W, suggesting that D retention depends more on the W structure, irradiation temperature and fluence, rather than on the ion energy when the energy is below the displacement threshold.

Deuterium retention in two types of polycrystalline tungsten was studied as a function of ion fluence, irradiation temperature and ion energy. Fluence dependence: D retention at 300 K tends to saturate in both Rembar and Plansee PCW. At 500 K, D retention in the Plansee PCW increases with increasing ion fluence, similar to previous results for Rembar tungsten. Even at a fluence of 8×10^25 D+/m2, no sign of saturation was observed. Temperature dependence: D retention in Plansee PCW decreases with increasing irradiation temperature (300 - 500 K). Energy dependence: varying the D+ energy from 100 to 500 eV/D+ plays a minor role in D retention in W, suggesting that D retention depends more on the W structure, irradiation temperature and fluence, rather than on the ion energy when the energy is below the displacement threshold.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 178-186). Also available on the Internet.